جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پاساژ » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

This paper classifies the amount and mechanisms in which the quality and desirability of walking experience in the urban shopping malls and centres. Thus, a literature review can classify the cases in 6 categories of social spatial factor, Attraction, convenience and comfort, a sense of security, access and permeability, wayfinding and legibility and social interactions. Collecting data was carried out in Kurdistan commercial complex located in Pasadaran Street of Sanandaj, which is also welcomed by both street strollers and a range of users. Due to unprecedented different spatial configuration of this shopping complex in the city, it can be considered as anew shopping centers. However, due to lack of well-known brands, due to the lack of a free and competitive economy, as well as considering other services and entertainment aspects, and the lack of defined standards of anchor stores, flow, it stands away from defined standard shopping centres and global wealth. However, organizing space and its form make it possible for behavioural settings interspersed with wandering around and pastime to form around. In the case study, the data related to 6 listed factors are mixed together with synthetic methods, and finally with the help of SPSS software, the interpretation of the results is provided with more documentation. In this regard, questionnaires were distributed among 110. Deep interviews were carried out with the respondents and behavioral settings and movement routes were designated through the acquisition of behavior maps, tracking, daily note-taking and photography. The main finding in this study is that the location of shopping centres and malls along the routes of circulation and urban strollers. In addition to considering the needs of individuals with shopping intention, wanderers should be paid attention to through designing their forms and functions supporting desirable behaviour. The findings stresses that this category of users, take advantage of the shopping centre and events as social and public places in order to experience a city walk, and less affected by the economic logic resulting from commodity relations in shopping malls and commodity relationships. Thus, with a focus on the behaviour of strollers, it is possible to improve the quality of social spatial centres as semi-public spaces, and on the other hand, to imagine them as future goals for shopping in shopping malls, a new door can be opened to design and management. Therefore, spatial configuration and geometry of the distribution and clustering compatible attractive functions and diversity of form and function in the outer shell are of high in making these types of shopping malls to places in which socialization and celebrations are allowed. Legible and specific permeability of the entrance, in the outer shell, paying attention to the clear connection of internal and external routes supporting the desired behaviours of strollers and their choices in space as well as the appropriate width of paths and routes without obstacles, connection between internal and external paths with urban pedestrians adjacent to site, are effective in the movement of users and their use of spaces.

Although some experts and specialists in urban planning and design relate the subject of urban design and its products to the west, but the history of valuable urban design, existence of various great products and comparison of them with those in the west reveals that urban design in both subject and practice has a deep root in the history of Iran. In this paper, through descriptive analytical methodology, Iranian “Timcheh” and French Passages as semi-public urban spaces have been studied and compared. “Timcheh” is a part of Bazaar complex which works as a node and can be known as a semi-public urban space. It is called semi-public because of its private or lessee hold land ownership. These urban spaces can be classified into uncovered and covered sections. They are also used for socio-cultural activities in particular situations like ritual ceremonies of “Moharram”. These urban spaces and such related activities highly developed in Qajar era and a little ago. Design and construction of these sophisticated urban structures are the result of strong cooperation of merchants and also people participation in traditional Iranian cities. European passages with their longitudinal proportion (their length is much more than their width) look like short commercial urban corridors. The comparison of these cases shows that design characters of “Timcheh” are very great. In this regard, to understand various aspects of “Timcheh” in Iran and passage in Europe, the cases of Amin-od-dowleh Timcheh in Kashan & Grand Timcheh of Qom together with des Panoramas and Joufgha in Paris as semi-public urban spaces have been chosen to study on. The des Panoramas Passage is a roofed commercial passageway. The passage was built in 1799 on the former site of the Montmorency-Luxembourg private hotel. It is one of the earliest venues of the Parisian philatelic trade and also the first covered, airy commercial passageways in the world. Bazaars and souks in the Orient had roofed commercial passageways in previous centuries but the passage of Panoramas is innovated in having glazed roofing and, later on, gas lights for illumination. It is thus the pioneer of all city gallerias of the 19th century and covered suburban and city shopping. The Jouffroy Passage is also a covered walkway in the south of 9th arrondissement of Paris, on the border with the second arrondissement. It begins in the south between 10 and 12 boulevards Montmartre, and ends in the north at 9 rue de la Grange-Batelière. In this paper, in general, two of the most important covered Timcheh have been studied and analyzed. Then “Timcheh” and “Passage” have been studied through descriptive- comparative and analytical methods. Then Grand Timcheh of Qom, Amin-od DowlehmTimcheh of Kashan, des Panoramas Passage and Jouffroy Passage are analyzed in detail, describing their various main components of designing. Existing “Timchehes” like: Grand Timcheh of Qom and Amin-od-Dowleh Timcheh of Kashan are proper examples of such urban complexes in all over the vast land of Iran. The interior design of these urban spaces is magnificent. They have highly ornamented cells. The local merchants usually helped for designing and constructing such grand urban spaces. The processes of implementation of such urban design projects were good examples of social participation as a tradition among Iranian business men. The result of the research indicates that most of “Timchehes” like Grand Timcheh of Qom and Amin-od-Dowleh Timcheh of Kashan are well designed multifunction of urban spaces. The change of land use and activity pattern from commercial to socio-cultural and religious activities during “Moharram” and “Safar” months, as a spontaneous movement, without governmental interference, is a good reason to study more on these spaces. These covered urban spaces such as Grand Timcheh of Qom and Amin-od-Dowleh Timcheh have been designed in Qajar era. Figur one shows the evolution of Timcheh during various dynasties. Fig. 1: The evolution of Timcheh during various dynasties In conclusion, the various specific features of Grand Timcheh of Qom and Amin-od- Dowleh Timcheh of Kashan are determined. Regarding to the general classification of establishment of “Timcheh” design, concept and constructions, most articles have mentioned that “Timchehes” belong to Qajar dynasty, but according to the documents presented in this paper, it can be stated that the establishment, planning, design and construction of non-covered “Timcheh” has started in Safavid era and continued to Qajar periods, respectively. It is concluded that the processes and products of urban design (as far as design of commercial urban spaces) in Iran is much more sophisticated than those passages in the west.