جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "design patterns" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Southern Khorasan Province is one of the most important regions in Iran for weaving carpets. Studies on the patterns used in this region suggest that the patterns are developed influenced by the geographical location were the carpets are woven and that they can be divided into three categories: urban, village and nomadic. The purpose of this paper is to study the design patterns, provide a formal analysis on the urban carpets, and present a classification of the contemporary patterns in this province in order to introduce collective information on the local and original design patterns having been used in carpets.This study is descriptive-analytical and the data are analyzed using detail-oriented (inductive) approach. The data a on literature and history were collected via library research and, for the main part of the study, the sample images of the carpets from several regions in Southern Khorasan Province were gathered using field research. The statistical population of the urban carpets in Southern Khorasan includes 208 carpets out of which 16 were studied. Besides presenting a classification of the carpets, the analysis of the data on the design patterns indicates the prevalence of carpet weaving in all the regions in the province except Sarayan.Studies show that hand-woven carpets of the individual regions display unique design patterns including medallion corner, multiple-panel, vagirei, straipped, kheshti and wall-to-wall. Moreover, some of the patterns used in different regions share the same style - khesti, although being attributed to a specific region, is seen to be the same as the one in the other regions in Southern Khorasan Province. One may refer to medallion corner as an another example which contains repetitions of twisted fish patterns and Sa'adi pattern.

This article intends to study the historical mosques of Dezful in order to recognize the design of the mosque based on traditional and historical patterns in the design of contemporary mosques. The research questions are: What are the traditional and historical patterns in the mosques Dezful? What is the formal and spatial structure of mosques in Dezful in different periods? How can a model for contemporary mosques be proposed based on the architecture of Dezful mosques?The inference process consists of three stages: review of mosques in Dezful and classification and selection of mosques in terms of history, structure and form; Classification of quantitative data and their analysis; Is the conclusion. Based on the research principles, the method used to conduct the research is a combination of solutions. The data collection method is a combination of library studies and field reference. To reach the research questions using a quantitative and qualitative method in comparison between the historical mosques of Dezful in terms of structure and form has been used. Then, according to the results, their design pattern is identified and explained. Based on the studies conducted for the model of contemporary mosques, based on the study and recognition of the architecture of historical mosques in Dezful, mosques can be adapted to the climate of Dezful city using traditional architectural patterns. The historical period has its own characteristics. Finally, using the lessons learned from these historical monuments, a model has been proposed to be used in the design of the mosque

The quality of contemporary urban squares based on indigenous lessons is one of the topics considered by the designers and the concerns of the present study. Assuming that the pattern language of historical squares in Yazd region can be recognized, this study aims to apply the pattern language theory to design these squares not only for morphological description, but also for exploring the application in the design of squares as well as redesigning of historical squares. Therefore, using theoretical perspectives and practical experiences on pattern language theory, this article aims to develop a method for recognizing design patterns and use it in extracting design patterns as well as the relationship between patterns to form a network of a pattern language. The basis for recognizing patterns is the historical squares of Yazd region (seven squares including Amirchakhmaq square, Shah square, Khan square, Vaqt al-Sa'eh square, Qala square, Lord Fahadan square and Shah Nematullah Vali Taft square) which are completely Iranian squares. These seven squares have been selected in different scales and functions and from different historical periods, including the Timurid, Safavid and Qajar periods. Six squares are located in the historical context of Yazd and one square is located in the historical context of Taft. The present research is applied-development and has been done by qualitative and historical-comparative method. In the process of reviewing the applied model, including four steps for extracting and recognizing design patterns have been developed. The first step is to experimentally observe and extract field similarities in different contexts. In the second step, the words of the pattern language or design patterns are extracted and the components and levels of the patterns as well as the functional and structural patterns of each are described. The third step is to formulate the relationships between the patterns or the rules of the pattern language, and the fourth step is to formulate general rules for designing urban squares. The most important output patterns include empty courtyard pattern, one-level and two-level color system, enclosed space, rectangular geometry, stepped composition, repetitive element of five- and seven-week arches, orientation, hierarchy, balance and contrast, entrance enclosures are spatial coherence and functional convergence. The result of this research is the development of thirteen rules for designing squares that include unity, hierarchy, proportions, ecology, spatial orientation, balance, spatial contrast, continuity, diversity, identity, universality, populism and simplicity.

Although the learning approach is gradually changing from teacher-centered to student-centered, the pattern of designing school in Iran still is following the inefficient approach of teacher-centered. Learning environments nowadays are being less formally timetabled and increasingly collaborative and socially participating oriented.
Inductive reasoning has been applied in this qualitative study to compare the two linear patterns of corridor-class and open schools as the representatives of the school’s educational approaches. The aim is comparing the performance of the two patterns based on physical planning, developing multiple intelligence and learning methods. The results indicate that the pattern of common schools is a comparative advantage in the need for required infrastructure and thus less construction costs, but there are more limitations in terms of its main goals which include providing the effective environment to develop multiple intelligence and a variety of teaching methods comparing to the street learning pattern.

Ilam province has historical monuments that castles are such of this works and due to geographical and historical position, the area is of greater diversity and certain architectural features. This article seeks to find dominant style, design patterns and common significant characteristics between the castles of the Qajar era in Ilam province. The main question is whether socio-political, cultural and indigenous concepts in the formation of performances and spaces and their relationships in the castle are effective?
According to this, researching and studying the style and way of life of the people at that time, is vernacular architecture, and socio-political and cultural conditions of that era. Theoretical framework of research is based on the design features of common architecture of castles. The methodology of research is historical interpretative andreasoning method of this research is analogical. Data were collected in two ways, documentary and library.
The results suggest that these types of buildingswere constructed in different climatic conditions and with a relatively different form and they had almost similar user;Common patterns existed in their design, which has largely been influenced by past behavior patterns. In this regard, we can refer to following design patterns: the type and style entrances, type of plan and spatial relationships, and locating of some spaces such as toilets and king rooms, etc., the fitness of built spaces and open spaces and consistency and following of the style of decorations ofQajar era and the user of castles that the type of all buildings isdesert castles (Dashti castles) with the user of mansion castle (Dar-al-emareh castles).

In current time, modern architecture design opinion along with new generation of academic graduated architects has great influence on new buildings, such as mosques design. One of the most important effects is the distortion of shapes and space, which is headlined as new design view of mosque in architecture and society. Unlike the past which mosque buildings were followed by special tradition style in each era, there is much diversity of types and design methods, which it cannot be classify in tradition or any specific category by shape and form.
In addition of extreme evolution on design and built process of contemporary buildings, this article is trying to have a specific overview in the orientation of mosque designing. Then classifying the indexes of this development with identification and on the other hand notifies the effective courses on mosque architecture process. Research questions are: can we suggest any features of Iranian current mosque design comparing to Islamic world design? What standards can we consider? What is the design style of contemporary mosques? And what is the specification of each?
Many researchers have proposed approaches for classifying the effective streams on contemporary architecture of Islamic countries, particularly the modernist mosques. These approaches investigate the recognition of the principles of design, favorite variables of architects, and also their work product as architecture body. Each of these researches, in turn, has suggested different categories or for modernist mosques. For example, "Ismail Serage-aldin" in his article titled "classification of effective approaches in contemporary architecture of Islamic countries", divided this approach into five groups of popular approach, traditionalist approach, people-oriented approach, adaptable modernism approach, and modernist approach. These approaches have an effective role in different streams of architecture design in contemporary era, particularly in the designing of mosques.
This article is aimed to recognize trends of designing mosques in contemporary era specifically and by identifying indicators of these changes classifies them and recognizes effective streams on the evolution era in the architecture of mosques. Therefore, after reviewing performed classifications, the desired attitudes for investigating works are introduced and tables are prepared for each of these works that have been analyzed in those works based on defined attitudes, and then by comparing tables an attempt is done in classification of works based on common characteristics in the table. At the end, those attitudes that have affected contemporary mosques are introduced as a group of indicators. For better recognition, some examples of these groups in Iran and the other countries will be introduced. The questions that have been asked in this research are:Can attitudes be introduced in designing Iranian contemporary mosques in comparison with Islam world? What criteria can be considered for this issue? What orientation do exist in designing contemporary mosques? And what are the characteristics of each of them?
At first, the research process has been formed based on quantitative variables that have had a key role in recognizing mosques as modernist mosques. These variables are volume versus space, full and empty, physical development, plan pattern, facade, the average ceiling height, decorations, form, color, position, construction location and its time and then categorizing the amounts of variables has converted them to qualitative data and make it possible to divide them to some groups based on a integrated structure that in every group part of amounts are in similarity or proportionality with each other. Therefore, three groups of tables were prepared from characteristics of mosques during research. In first group, the table introduces the status of each variable in mosques second group separates the mosques with common characteristics and the last group introduces their properties. This classification that has been obtained from investigating 50 modernist mosques can indicate shape-physical approach in typology of modernist mosques in Islam world. Based on conducted investigation, a part of contemporary mosques that a typology was done about them are mosques that are outstanding in Islamic society or have introduced the meaning of mosque in a new body from physical perspective. These mosques have been classified into four categories based on shape typology and these categories are: white modernist mosque, pure mosques, form-oriented mosques, and hybrid modernist mosques. In white modernist mosques, the volume is not important and often takes a form of project site. In pure mosques against traditional mosque building, the architect aims to create a symbolic volume. The volumes are simple and Platonic. Especially, the cubic shape that has a background in Islamic tradition is used. In form-oriented mosques, the attention to external volume is very important so that ignoring internal space is resulted. The volume of these mosques usually includes complicated and innovative forms and architectural sculpture and pure forms are not applied. Asymmetrical and simple decorations, use of color and light shadow diversity are usual in these mosques. Hybrid modernist mosques are a combination of the former types that means each of their elements follow one of types and cannot be placed in any former types. On the other hand, they are a hybrid of the former types.

Open & between spaces (OBS) have a significant role in objects recognition and humanenvironmental interactions. This article study the meaning of OBS in some of Islamic vernacular residential experiences of some Asians countries (Malaysia, China, India, Uzbekistan, Iran & Saudi Arabia) in comparison with modern western urbanization theories (Linear city, Garden city, Industrial city, Radiant city, Future city) through topologic approach. To aim this we discover spatial relationships without inconsiderable impact of shapes & dimensions such as proximity, contiguous & closeness and relations like symmetry, continuity & convergence. Tom Turner design patterns (natural, social, aesthetic & sample patterns) were used to deepen each case study’s description. This study shows that element of OBS in Islamic vernacular residential buildings are varied in shape and topology but each of them has specific definition and has mental or physical borders. Although OBS in 20th century modern urbanization theories was in central attention but in practice because of the absence of natural patterns and also utopian desires, they produce borderless, expanded & with no specific definition open spaces that not only destroy urban social structures but also create many environmental problems.