جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "intermediate space" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Efficiency as a cultural index can be defined as the comfort resulting from the proper arrangement of components and the connection point between form and function; which plays an important role in adding quality to the space. Such an attitude to design; It is an attempt to obtain a model of valuable previous architecture to measure sustainability and discover the grammar of space in order to create works for the future of architecture.

The current research is a kind of documentary research, based on the use of data of valuable models of the past, which, by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, analyzes the concept of efficiency in the structure of function and form in native Qajar houses of Isfahan.

Most of the massing has been done in the north (public spaces), west (service spaces), south (private spaces) and east (service spaces) fronts, respectively. Also, the data obtained from Ecotect software shows that the best direction in Isfahan city is between 17.5 degrees southwest and 22.5 degrees southeast. However, the frequency of Isfahan Orientation in the native Qajar houses of Isfahan is very low, and the emphasis is on the orientation in the north-south direction, and the southeast or southwest of it has not been given much attention.

The configuration of the space, the amount of received energy and the visual communication of the environment (sight) are among the indicators that affect the efficiency, which is understood by the way of massing, spatial relations and spatial proportions.

Bathhouses (Garm-abeh) are beneficial and worth concerning public buildings in the history of Iranian Islamic architecture, which include excellent factors in each one of their spaces. Hierarchy is one of the most apparent qualities of these buildings, which is the main concern of this paper, introducing Mian-dar [middle corridor] as the space between Sar-bineh [cloakroom] (place for undressing, resting and conversing, located past the entrance and before the Garm-khaneh) and Garm-khane [hot chamber] (Main place where washing and massaging takes place), which brings this quality in such space. This research will dig into the secrets of architects that made this fact possible, which are studied in the scale of bath’s three main spaces (Sar-bine, Garmkhaneh and Mian-dar) and tools and methods they’ve used in anatomy of Mian-dar. Therefore, by gathering the information of all of Fars’ public baths from the Safavid to Pahlavi Period, researchers studied and analyzed mechanisms of hierarchy in Mian-dar and geometry and circulation in the main three parts of these public baths and their effects on this quality. Concerning this study and analysis on calculations and tables, this paper has found that there is a specific area proportion between Sar-bineh, Mian-dar and Garm-khaneh; The results also show, Corridor (Daalaan) is the main element used in Mian-dar of medium sized bathhouses, which is often U shaped and includes 2 to 4 turns inside itself. But in the large scaled bathhouses, corridors join forces with Vestibules (Hashti) which are halls to access other minor spaces; and in small bathhouses, architects on have only used walls and short turns in combining with corridors to separate two main bathhouses’ spaces, creating a sense of hierarchy.

Nowadays, in some urban projects in Iran that are aimed, solely, at improving the quality of the urban spaces, development and growth are seen in which no attention has been paid to the overall state of the city in terms of space, connectivity between the old and the new segments of the city and unity. Moreover, modern interventions such as comprehensive and detailed urban plans, projects for the widening the passages and, the adverse consequences in the scale of the spatial framework and the physical organization of the cities has been accompanied. Some of these consequences are as follows: harming the environmental resources such as destroying the agricultural lands due the weed-like spread of the cities which has been formed in the form of low-density developments. In the past, the most important urban spaces in our country were city entrances. However, today because of the expansion of the city and city life either the entrance of the modern cities are designed and built without any proper planning or by passage of time have been destroyed. Therefore, paying attention to the components of the environmental quality that is expected from the cities entrances and the main intermediate space connecting the city to the area outside the city boundaries and studies that should be done at this level offer ways that can improve this section of the city. Considering the lack of attention of some the urban projects to natural-historic features and potentials of the city in offering designs which result in inefficiencies in urban life, it seems proper to use these potentials for increasing the quality of environment and identity of the city is an essential and vital issue. The old core of the city of Karaj is considered one of the particular zones which natural and epochal identity؛possesses both natural and historical elements. Presence of natural and epochal identity in this zone, gives it a specific uniqueness. Using the expressed potentials optimally can play an important role in the identity of the City of Karaj. In addition the river and the eastern hills, what marks the framework of the city of Karaj is the street of Shahid Beheshti. In the eastern part of the street of Shahid Beheshti, the Karaj River and its banks is considered to be one of the especial natural opportunities for expanding the green open and fun spaces. Moreover, the existence of the historical attractions such as the Shah Abbasi Bridge, Samsam Castle, Shah Abbasi Caravanseray and major cultural- entertainment land uses such as Chamran cinema and old park with a matchless and unique view of the city of Karaj and Commercial land uses of Shahid Beheshti Street represent a major potentials for establishing a good association between these elements and, consequently, improving and enhancing the performance of the east gateway and the framework of the city of Karaj. Therefore, in this study, to enhance the efficiency of the cities’ gateways, Quality Criteria in the interface areas which are located at the old entrance of Karaj city (Beheshti Street and the adjacent path to the Karaj River) are investigated and the results will show the effect of each mentioned spaces in organizing the city entrance. To achieve each ofthese quality Criteria, a set of factors that are useful in environmental design of city’s entrance in terms of physical and social aspect. After considering the mentioned qualities and using the AHP evaluation method, the criteria’s strength and quality were studied. Using the mentioned criteria in Karaj, the quality of Shahid Beheshti Street and the surrounding area were investigated in order to functionally improve the old gateway of the city. Finally, by providing strategies and the presenting integrated design solutions, it is expected to be able to provide a context for strengthening them and their physicalfunctional relationship based on paying attention to the natural-historical structures. Some of the presented general guidelines in the studied zone are as follows: - Conserving and developing the historical values by planning the urban gateway as set with the cultural _ historic functionality in the surrounding Shah Abbasi bridge and Samsam castle and also protecting the natural values such as the rivers and the irrigation channels; - Creating and expanding the walkway network in the entire zone and planning for specific ecotourism axis on the banks of the river along with using the corridors and the networks between the historical elements; - Restricting the use of car and emphasizing on the walkway axis in the major second degree axis and the local streets in this zone. Furthermore, it is recommended to enhance the quality of the expressed zone in the city of Karaj in order to improve the urban design projects on the banks of the Karaj River and to define the Urban Design of the intersection of Imam square in the Karaj City Hall.