جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "mashgh square" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Qajar era is the period of fundamental changes and the introduction of new urban concepts. Squares, a type of urban space, were the subject of some of these changes. This article focuses on four main Qajar capital squares (Mashgh, Arg, Toupkhaneh, Sabzi-meidan) in their urban context around the royal citadel, aiming to answer these questions: 1-What changes in these squares over time have affected the citadel? 2-what is the role of the relationship between these squares and their spatial and functional features in other developments? Using the interpretive-historical method and primary and secondary sources as well as visual documents, the initial findings were collected, and logical reasoning of the findings, drawing diagrams, and reproduction of some maps showed that developments of Arg, Mashgh, and Sabzi-meidan squares in Naseri period (before the city expansion) and the improvement of their physical and functional condition led to the birth of squares with specific design and function in the north and south of the royal citadel; previously, these spaces were chaotic with multiple functions. Also, the changes in Arg Square and its transformation into Golshan Garden led to the birth of Toupkhaneh Square in the north of the citadel and the formation of the fourth square around this common urban context. Secondly, these four squares have been the precondition for the emergence of another: first Sabzi-meidan, then Arg, then Mashgh, and finally Toupkhaneh square were formed. On the other hand, the function and location of the squares have been in harmony with each other.

The relationship between Architecrure and previous context is one of the most important issues of architecture and city designing. This discussion from the thoughts of ancient ages about buildings’ placement rooted from placement of buildings related to the adjacent ones. In the valued issues, through the review of history, culture and society, a valuableand suitable architectural design of aimed area according to the cultural and historical backgrounds could be done. In this research, and at the first part, we aim to define the context and design approaches like contextualism, regionalism and typology that had the dirrect reaction with design bed. At the second part, via choosing of buildings from Mashgh Square of Tehran, which have the important governmental buildings from previous times of Tehran, especially First Pahlavi era, we try to recognize architects’ approach towards context and the extend of influences of past on these buliding at that time. The diffrences between first Pahlavi era and western contemporary architects (international style) about the context is the question of this research. In this research, the methodology is the combination of Analytical-Adaptive method and study on case studies. At the first part, basic and first class refrences, and historical and second-class documents are analyzed. At the second part, the research would be done on case precedents, through the field study, photography and collecting data. Results reveal that attitude of arcitects of first pahlavi era towards context, is different with contemporary western architects. Although reviewed buildings had new approaches, but still footprints from Iranian past architecture could be traced in decoration or even seen at some forms of these buildings.