جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "rural settlements of iran" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

In Iran, development measures are carried out in villages with the priority of physical-spatial development based on the rural leadership plan. Hadi plan or in other words comprehensive rural development plan, with the goals of creating the development and development of the village according to the cultural, economic and social conditions; provision of social, productive and welfare facilities; guiding the physical condition of the village; The creation of facilities to improve villagers' housing and environmental and public services has been prepared and implemented. Considering that this plan from the second development plan has received the attention of the policy and planning system and considering the importance of Hadi plan at the village level of Iran, it is necessary to evaluate the implementation performance of this plan as well as to know its achievements by identifying the strengths. And the weakness of this plan is to use its results to modify the conceptual framework of the plan or make a fundamental change in its framework. In this regard, the present study, which is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method (based on the contextual theory approach), has conducted a consequential evaluation of the master plan in rural settlements of Iran. The required data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts and were coded (open, axial and selective) using Maxiquida software. The results of this study showed that the process of preparing and implementing a master plan in rural settlements of the country has positive consequences (such as improving the mobility system, improving the structural housing, emergence of new economic activities, spatial equality in infrastructure and welfare services, regularity in physical expansion and promotion Environmental quality) and negative (such as poor attention to rural ownership, weakening of cultural elements, laying the groundwork for commodification of the village, increasing the size of villages around the metropolis, destruction of natural-ecological resources, weakening the cohesion and visual diversity of physical texture). Also, the results of this study emphasize that the negative consequences of this plan are affected by trends such as government-centered, weak organizational interactions, weak professional capacity of project consultants, weak local community empowerment, weak attention to local community participation and the dominance of modernist approach to project preparation.

Spatial settings and geographic landscapes (urban and rural) are evident phenomena resulting from the linkage between man’s thought and his place. Urban and rural areas as geographical landscapes are spatial containers, which manifest intellectual abilities in their structure and function under conditions of time. In fact, structural-functional characteristics of ecological domains are affected by theories and paradigms that derived from ​​human thinking. As Marshall Berman points out, by the advent of modern thinking, a new human environment conception was created which replaced the old ones. This greatly affected the path of life generating new forms of corporate power and class struggle, which leads to immense demographic upheavals severing millions of people from their ancestral habitats. The constant flow of people surfing the world seeking new lives and the rapid and often cataclysmic urban growth, systems of mass communication, binds together the most diverse people and societies.
Rural settlements, as one of the geographical areas in the country have witnessed many changes, especially over the past five decades. These changes which have occurred in various aspects, in particular physical aspect have been affected by several factors. Among these, the influence of modernism on the policy-making and planning is very important. Considering different viewpoints toward modernity, this paper critically reviews the changes occurred in villages which have been influenced by these factors. In this study, two questions were of utmost importance: First, whether spatial and physical changes occurring in Iran's rural settlements are influenced by modern thinking in the planning system of the country or merely modernization as a trend itself. Second, whether the transformation and modernization in physical system of rural fabric in Iran is essentially undesirable and a nostalgic perspective toward rural culture is necessary.
Addressing these research questions may provide a context for applicable rural development policies in a more appropriate direction, especially in the physical planning. Yet there is a major challenge intellectually between two systems of thoughts: modern thinking (focusing on the formation of new spatial elements) and ecology-oriented (nostalgia-oriented) in planning and implementation of rural development projects. The present paper as a theoretical fundamental research has been developed by meta-analysis method. Statistical populations are chosen from rural settlements in Iran and their physical and spatial transformation in contemporary period (Pahlavi and Islamic Republic of Iran) is analyzed.
Data has been mainly gathered through documentary inquiries including books, articles and other research projects. Since this paper is a critical review challenging several theoretical frameworks, a logical reasoning strategy is conducted. Findings indicate that the transformation and modernization (not in the framework of modernity) is inevitable and unavoidable in the villages of the country. However, it should be well matched with socio–economic and environmental circumstances. That is, the physical-spatial system of rural settlements has certain indigenous informal rules and regulations with certain architectural and urban characteristics, such as balance, perfection, unity, moderation, symbolism and introversion. These vernacular codes are derived from local culture (traditional), history and ecology of Iran that are parts of a more inclusive culture, which goes beyond specific time and place.