جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « safety » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The depreciation of historical urban fabrics in term of their different physical and functional aspects has caused many problems in the ancient cities such as population displacement, social and economic issues and encountered the residents with various problems. While, such urban fabrics have huge tourism attractions due to the presence of historical monuments as tangible heritages from on hand and the cultural events and rituals as in tangible heritages on the other hand. The experiences of the successful historical cities around the world, which attract tourists, confirm that by considering those potentials they are not only able to meet their residents but to be attractive places for tourists’ present as well. Walkability as one of the most important qualities which providing a desirable routes in general and in the tourism axes in particular has been considering in the research to improve the users' experiences in those mentioned spaces. Sepah Street of Qazvin city has been selected as a case study due to its historical significance as the first designed street in Iran and its different tourism attractions. In this regard, in the first step "walkability" and its different parameters were investigated and categorized based on the existing researches. In the next step, to explore the influential parameters enhancing walkability a survey study was performed in the tourism axis of Qazvin city as the case study and its four different dimensions including: accessibility, safety and security, desirability (amenities and facilities), comfort and environmental considerations were examined. In the research, 100 residents and users were participated and the results analyzed by SPSS software and its relevant statistical exams. The results indicate that all fore mentioned dimensions had the significant meaningful correlation with the walkability quality as the dependent variable and more importantly, comfort and tranquility of the place was the most significant physical parameter among other relationships between dependent and independent variables by maximum spearman's correlation degree (sig=0 and spearman's Correlation= 0.770). At final step of the research, in order to investigate of participants' point of views about the case study and clarify the case condition a research was conducted applying a quantitative and qualitative method. By this aim in mind, participants were asked to express their needs and expectations in the selected case study in the order of their priorities.  The collected data were categorized based on the meanings and subjects expression by participants including: place activities, physical place features, accessibility and aesthetics parameters. The recent step of the study was accomplished by performing a hierarchy analysis of the participants’ responses in those mentioned category. The results showed that aesthetics parameter has been the most important feature in the participants' evaluations and place activities, accessibility and physical characters were the next parameters in order. Considering the participants' priorities the lowest means has been belonged to the physical aspects of the place, which can be justified by the desirable physical conditions of the place conducting participants' minds and attitudes toward their superior needs like aesthetic and beauty of the place and its importance to encourage people presence in the streets and to improve place walkability.

The main purpose of this article is to introduce the model of healthy building in the interaction of choosing building materials and healthy environment. In this regard, high throughput screening used in construction materials for possible human exposure in the near field and related health risks, identification of chemicals and products of interest to inform risk reduction efforts has been carried out.

The research methodology is based on the theoretical saturation of the research background and the opinions of experts in the field of health of residents at home and at work. Using high throughput screening, hazardous chemicals in the construction industry were identified, and based on the theoretical saturation of the research background and the opinions of experts in the health of residents at home and at work, a focused group discussion method was used.

Comparing the quality of "healthy building" with three variables of building chemistry, building biology and building physics; and "residents' opinion" with three variables of energy efficiency, residents' satisfaction and residents' health; has been analyzed. The findings of the focused group discussion method clarified various dimensions of the relationship between building chemistry and the health of residents at home and at work.

Designers and manufacturers of building products must actively track and manage the chemical composition of their materials and assess the potential impacts of the chemicals of interest throughout their life cycle. High-throughput screening can provide accessible and rapid tools for such evaluations at the design stage.

With the expansion of machine life and increasing traffic in cities and roads, in contrast to the economic and welfare process due to the expansion of communications and the speed of movement of goods and passengers, unfortunately, the number and severity of vehicle accidents increased. The loss of life and property caused by these accidents, in addition to imposing a heavy burden on the economy of human societies, the injuries of traffic accidents have also created a major problem for public health and development. In this research, the implementation of transportation safety based on safety enhancement strategies with the aim of leave to road death has been investigated. This research has been done by referring to libraries, articles, scientific and authoritative descriptive descriptors. This article acknowledged that for transportation safety, the principles of recognizing the background of road safety management system, its philosophy and mission, formulating a strategy and road safety regulations, safety planning, organizing and managing the system for execution and operations, reviewing corrective actions, reviewing management Used to reduce mortality.

In military sites due to some of the important sensitive systems to power cuts to the city of a source of to continue their work . because of the sudden cessation of electricity has come into existence disturbance in the activities of some of the systems exacerbated in military sites is . Most electrical devices such as computer systems to voltage drop a moment, long voltage drop , high voltage electricity , for a moment , and the effects of noise and frequency radio frequency changes in their power supply are sensitive . to solve the problems of the device is using UPS , uninterrupted supply of power between the city and the consumer and prevent the emergence of disorders. some of that battery of emergency power resources to generate electric energy only able to use a limited time, depending on the value of consumption of the system to provide electricity feeding. some of these systems are able without delay after the outage in a few milliseconds emergency power . Emergency nutrition, such resources , which usually its energy supply battery in places like the computer, the telecoms, military systems are used.

Utilization of underground spaces is one of the most important methods for human life in all ages. These spaces are seen as architectural units and settlements in harsh climates and unsafe and topographic environments. This paper studied the reasons, necessities and different dimensions of underground spaces and settlements. The method of the research is analytical and descriptive, and it is aimed at studying the necessities, typologies, and qualities of underground spaces and settlements in Iran and the world. The study showed that these spaces were used in a variety of forms with different reasons and necessities including climatic issues, defense and safety, religion, environmental, typographic and economic specifications. Underground spaces have basic potentials such as health and safety, heat preservation and stable climatic conditions. They provide a good environment for the living of humans and answer their needs including livestock spaces and storing food materials. Underground settlements are mostly of two types –those that are built in flat areas and those that are built in sloping areas. In China and the North Africa, especially in Tunisia, these settlements have been built with climatic and safety necessities and environmental limitations. In Iran, settlements of the first type can be found in desert areas such as Noshabad and settlements of the second types can be found in mountainous areas of northwestern Iran such as the village of Kandovan. In general, security, climatic and natural necessities have been the main reasons for the emergence and functioning of these spaces. The excavation of land, hills and mountains and the sheltering of the underground, in addition to the protection of man and his possessions, have created lasting spaces throughout history. These spaces are very attractive and memorable, especially for tourists and non-residents, due to their unique interior and exterior views. Paying attention to the positive features of these spaces, especially in rural areas, can play an effective role in preserving their native identity.

The subject of this article is to study the factors and criteria of urban street desirability and citizens' expectations from them. The problem of research is the lack of accurate knowledge of the components of urban street utility in its various sequences. The theoretical proposition of the research is that the existence of quality in the physical, spatial, semantic-symbolic and activity-social components leads to vitality, memory, safety and flexibility as dimensions of citizens' expectations of the urban street. . The research method of the article includes descriptive-analytical and survey methods. Data collection method Interview is an open and semi-structured questionnaire. The statistical population of citizens is three sequences from Valiasr Street.
The results of the research show that vitality and memory play an important role in meeting the expectations of citizens from the city street. The two dimensions of flexibility and safety play a lesser role than these other two dimensions. The proximity of the importance of the four components leads to greater desirability. For the desirability of an urban street, the role of physical, spatial, semantic and activity components is very different according to the nature of the street sequence, but the effectiveness of all four components in creating desirability and creating a unique street character is very important. Physical and spatial components lead to greater vitality and safety, and semantic and activity components lead to greater memory and flexibility.

Childhood games are essential for the development of cognitive, psychological, and physical skills. Playgrounds are spaces that provide the required opportunity to develop the fundamental skills and needs of children, such as connections with nature, games, activities, and so forth. Therefore, the presence of children in these areas requires the provision of a safe and secure environment for them. Accordingly, this study aims at identifying factors affecting on the quality of children’s playground, evaluating the factors affecting the safety and security of children in playgrounds as one of the most important qualities of children’s play spaces, providing a design framework to enhance the safety and security of children in order to improve the quality of playgrounds. This study is practical in purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of research type. The exploratory factor analysis method has been used to achieve the research goal. In this project, the children’s play space in Koodak Park of Isfahan was investigated based on 35 effective indicators on children’s safety and security, and 300 of the parents of the kids playing in the park were questioned. According to the results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s tests, the sample size was approved for the research (KMO=0/746 & SIG=0/0001). The results of this research indicate that the factors affecting the safety and security of kids in the play area in Koodak Park are as follows: 1- Climatic tranquility in children’s  play spaces 2- The conditions of play space flooring 3- Children’s safety when using the play equipment and the green area embedded in it 4- The lighting of play spaces and the harmony with its vegetation 5- The distance from compatible applications and functions 6- The conditions of the presence of parents in the playground and its maintenance 7-The awareness of the conditions of the playground and its surrounding area among the users 8- The vulnerability of children regarding the play equipment and the vegetation 9-The possibility to monitor children and their activities in the playground 10- Different types of pollution in the play space and its vicinity. Finally, based on the findings and on the identification of the main weaknesses of this children’s playground, an effort has been made to make suggestions for addressing these issues so as to promote safety and security.

Today, with the overcome of vehicles transportation on the walking two important quality of urban spaces (safety and vitality) have faced challenges. Commercial walkways as a one of most important urban spaces can play an important role to urban spaces improvement in favor to pedestrians and create effective relationship among shopping, safety and vitality. The aim of this research is study about possibility of conversion of Sattarkhan street (between 1th and 2th square) to a walkway for create more safety and vitality of pedestrians. In this study, first we discussed literature about walkways and vitality and then we evaluate these two factors Sattarkhan Street by using of field studies and direct and indirect observations. After that with the comparative method and emphasis on experienced model in Tarbiat Street in Tabriz city, possibility of pedestrianized Sattarkhan Street and patterns and component of design is offered.

Highways are linear infrastructures that alter the environmental resources in a territory, structure, and functions while constituting a significant component through which the individual comes into contact with the landscape. The fragility of the natural-ecological environment exerts tremendous pressure on sustainable development in cities. In the city’s sprawl, ecological factors and functional properties during urban development process have less considered and have reduced the citizens’ quality of life. Since the observer has looked at the landscape of the adjacent highway, and all elements observed can be considered the aesthetic aspects and safety components. The aim of the research is to identify the problems and find the solutions for the edge of Chamran Boulevard in Shiraz. The solutions involve creating a continuous walking route that would provide more recreational opportunities, link up with existing gardens and culture of the region. Pay attention to green pedestrian pathways, safety, legibility, coherence, taking into account the visual features of the road, improving the outdoor comfort conditions, organizing leisure/cultural spaces are associated with green spaces and open spaces, and the user’s visual interest related to cognitive processes have been emphasized. In the first stage, the effective indicators of landscape improvement have been extracted from the literature and categorized. Then, the impact of the extracted factors was evaluated and prioritized using the Delphi technique and conducting semi-structured interviews with experts. Afterward, Shiraz citizens have been selected to measure the existing status and prioritize users’ preferences. A closed questionnaire survey was used to collect data from participants. All data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 22. The findings show that the vegetation diversity around the pedestrian pathway, considering collaborative activities (Mean=3/88), considering the legibility of way-finding, diversity of lighting and creating the continuous and interrupted sequences (M=3/61) are among the users’ priorities.

Safety can be considered as one of the main social-human needs in today’s society. The safety of women is considered as one of the most important qualitative components of urban planning. Social safety of urban open spaces is considered as an important factor in the tourism industry. Since the mental image of a place plays an important role in its success or failure to attract tourists, it can affect the economy of a country in the long term. This study hypothesized that touristic sites could boom and attract more people by increasing the sense of safety in women. Responding women's demands from the space would increase the quality of place for everyone. The aim of this study is introducing the physical components of space, which increases women’s sense of safety in touristic open spaces. Data for this study was collected through a qualitative survey. Thus, after conducting the data analysis and reviewing previous related researches, research’s factors have been evaluated in a case study. presenting effective physical components on women's sense of safety and testing them in the open spaces of the 30Tir street, one of the touristic destinations of this city. The results of this study supports this hypothesis that the third part of the 30tir st (between sakhai and Imam Khomeini) which responds the demand of women is the successful part of the street and creates the sense of safety among women the most.

Nowadays, children all around the world constitute approximately 31 percent of the global population, and moreover, in the country of Iran children comprise a population of about 19 million individuals who represent the future human capital of this country, and areas such, an important demographic in this country’s society. Therefore, it is a critical matter that children should be considered in the process of urban planning and design. As UNICEF express it, the primary responsibility for ensuring that children’s right is realized lies with governments and other stakeholders such as civil society organizations, the private sector, academia, and media, as well as children themselves. Given that, public and government officials, city managers, top executives, and private firms should collaborate with each other to set out a series of normative principles for city planners and urban designers taking consideration of children needs. It is safe to say that children need consist of many factors such as environmental, social, educational, cultural, healthcare, and more importantly safety needs. Broadly speaking, it is the city, town or community’s task to protect children from violence, abuse, and exploitation where they can grow up healthy with utmost care. Hence, investigating, determining and identifying the characteristics of a safe and secure environment for children (or even adults) is crucial to this matter. The citizen’s security and ways of promoting it has been considered as the priority of urban designer, this urban security promotion and improvement, have beneficial aspects on cultural and social traces and relics that related to citizen’s behavioral pattern that enhance the residential environment quality through urban crime and violence reduction. As a matter of fact, in the past few decades, there has been a change in understanding of how crime and violence reduction should be achieved. Taking into account the above, several researchers have offered concepts of defensible spaces to planners and designers in order to create and shape a more secure and safer public space which reduces the crime and violence rate. The attempt has been made to introduce the role of urban fabric and its physical aspects and makes clear the principles, paradigms and the theoretician strategies approaches. Moreover, examined here are the experiences gained around the world with regards to the design of safe public spaces. Given that, The effort has been made to foster the factors which are affected to the urban spaces safety, the necessity of the safe urban theories relates to this manifest: nowadays, the urban fabric potentials and physical aspect have been not considered in urban crime reduction that enhances the quality of life and urban satisfaction. This research result shows that the crime commission and violence can be reduced by using practical urban design criteria. The attempt has been made to cultivate the factors which are affected to urban security. By attention to the positive aspects of the safe and secure urban public spaces, and their influence on children, we shall arrive at certain deductive principles or guidelines for safe public urban spaces in our cities.

Urban safety is one of the most basic Global Society Forecasts For human-centered planning . Studies done in the world show The vulnerability of different groups People residing in the city's squares, Depending on the level of life And their social and physical status They vary from place to place. In this regard, the present study The issue of urban safety has been studied in terms of passive defense. The research method of this research is a combination of descriptive, documentary and analytical methods and the nature of developmental-applied. The statistical population of the study is Ahwaz metropolitan areas. Which identifies the vulnerability of the metropolitan areas of Ahvaz from the passive defense perspective. Finally, analysis of the data with the Antropy-COPRAS model And SmartPLS, GIS, Visio, Grafer, SPSS and EXCEL software. To determine urban safety the impact of urban structure and variables was determined. In the next step Considering the two factors of weight and distance from the ideal Effective level was determined. Which is based on the results of the Antropy-COPRAS model Urban safety level between (0 and 1) The highest was (0.97%)And the lowest (0.007%) belongs to Ahwaz two district Also, the maximum distance of “the desired option from the ideal point” There are 5 metropolitan areas in Ahwaz And next to the eight area. The state of the sensitive metropolis of Ahwaz is shown The most administrative and educational users are in the 6th district of Ahwaz Municipality. And have the highest health use in the 8th, 5th and 4th district of Ahwaz municipality, respectively

Safety and security have been the most important concerns in design process of industrial complexes especially power plants. Diversity of hazardous risks beside the severity of their effects, required the designers to consider and enhance the safety/security factor in design of these complexes. However, this study has stressed that, there is no theoretical literature on this subject in architecture realm. Therefore, the goal of this study was to specify the effective designerly strategies to enhance safety/security factor in power plants. The research method was based on the theoretical survey of relevant standards and also experimental survey of the existing power plant design. The results have indicated simplification, separation, minimization, diversity/redundancy, distribution, integrity, focus on reference plan and defense in-depth, are most prominent strategies employed in architecture design of power plants Complexes to enhance safety/security factor.

Cities are not only places to live in, but also they should provide a ground for growth and excellence of their citizens. Thus children as the most vulnerable citizens need more attention. In Islam, many orders and recommendations have been made in this area. Also, Governments and organizations are always looking for strategies to maintain children’s rights but the question was proposed that: what are the most important criteria of suitable urban space for children,as the rights of these citizens? Also what kind of these criteria has the greatest effect on active participation of children in urban areas? Therefore, first, a review of related literature for the child and efforts to protect children are provided, then with a brief look at the needs and rights of children in the city, we address the necessity of children’s relationship with urban spaces. Then by examining the mentioned theories some criteria for suitable urban spaces for children will be determined and because of the importance of security and safety of children in the cities, they will be evaluated. In this study Fatemi neighbourhood in Tehran city was evaluated in order to confirm the research’ theoretical foundations so in addition to extracting criteria for suitable urban spaces for children, the presence of children and its relation to security and safety will be explained. Using factor analysis conducted on data from the questionnaire, nine criteria of suitable urban spaces for children was extracted. The impact of these measures in the presence of children was specified through Pearson Correlation. Of these, security and safety has the most effect with regard to presence of children in urban spaces in these neighbourhoods( r=0.801). That shows the importance of children’s right in using urban spaces by them that providing them is not the responsibility of governments, it should also be considered as planners and urban designers’ tasks.

The quality of quality has always been the main concern for urban design has been proposed to describe the qualities of urban design. Two of the main qualities that have always been subject to urban designers are safety and readability. The importance of safety and readability in the night of the city, which is one side of the dark time and the presence of humans in urban spaces and leisure time, is more colorful. in this regard, the present paper outlines the two components and has introduced the urban landscape and its constituent elements and components. Then, the city's nightlife is defined as two of the principal qualities of the city overnight, and the main objectives of each of these components are explained and the main objectives of each of these components are explained and the role of each of these components is explained in these components. Finally, as the main purpose of the research, the main objectives and the role of each component and the elements of the urban night landscape in the safety and elements of the night aspect is summed up.

Experts and urban planners estimate that until the year of 2050 more than 75% of the world’s population will live in urban areas and more than 90% of the increase in urban population will happen in developing countries, where mass immigration of rural population will continue in a rapid rate. Following everyday expansion of cities, vulnerability of these areas increases from different aspects. In this situation the necessity to consider the safety and security of urban areas by urban managers is becoming vital. In a way that in urban sustainable development framework, cities need efficient managerial systems in order to control the high volume of activities, dangers and risks.
The city of Tehran is highly in need of concentrate on the safety issues in the urban management system, since the city is both under the influence of natural factors such as being located on earthquake belt, and also human factors and wrong intervention because of inefficient urban management. It should be regarded that implementing any sort of planning in this respect needs accurate and right understanding of the situation of safety and security in the city of Tehran. By the help of data from this understanding it is possible to design and introduced efficient and effective plans for enhancing safety and security of the city.
For that, the research has used the report on urban safety situation in 2017 which had been done for 60 cities worldwide. The results showed that Tehran has been amongst 10 cities that have the lowest score regarding the index of safety and security. The aim of this research is to review the situation of Tehran in terms of safety and security indexes and world safety standards by a descriptive-explanatory method and then to introduce possible solution for improving the safety and security indexes.

During the past decades many design strategies have been used in urban spaces of Iranian cities to increase the inclusiveness of these spaces. But still, there are some problems and worries that many groups such as elderly citizens have when it comes to urban public spaces. One of the principles necessary in providing comfort for users of urban spaces is prompting environmental security. The pleasance of an urban spaces depends, on one hand, on being protected against danger and physical injury and, on the other, on mental protection against insecurity and fear of crime. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of physical components of Khan square as an urban space on sense of security in old citizens. A total of 200 people with the age of 55 and above participated in the survey. The research method used is survey type which is a type of applied study in which techniques such as library documents and references as well as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multiple regression and Pearson's Correlation Test are used. Findings of the research indicate that components such as security, light and urban texture have the most effect on the sense of safety in urban space.