جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sustainable transportation » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The concept of sustainable development has emerged in the transportation sector as a key approach to providing a serious balance between social fairness, economic development, and environmental protection. In recent years, the concept of sustainable transportation has become a leading research topic around the world. The application of sustainability actions in the transportation sector would help ameliorate its issues. Unfortunately, the current urban transportation systems have raised serious concerns and posed a widespread threat to urban sustainability, social justice, economic life, and environmental survival. Hence, the transportation sector needs fundamental changes in policy, planning, and design of its systems around the world to be able to develop the concept of sustainability in this sector. Over the past four decades, using active and sustainable transportation modes has been encouraged and this approach is defined as one of the major sustainability movements that have taken place in many countries and is titled as Active Transportation Movement. Approving the use of active modes of transportation has emerged as one of the particular movements focused on encouraging travel related to walking, cycling, and the use of public transportation systems. Accordingly, this paper provides a narrative literature review to clarify the main indicators related to the social and built environment aspects that must be considered by planners and policymakers in the way of promoting the use of active modes of transportation inside urban societies. Therefore, in this research, the meta-analysis method was used to systematically analyze 75 research published by journals indexed in the SCI and SSCI categories in the Web of Science (WOS). Besides, selected articles have been published from 2018 to 2023. Finally, fundamental indicators have been presented in four Physical, Social-Cultural, Intelligentization, Education and Policymaking categories. The effects of indicators related to the built environment are more quantitative and measurable than indicators related to the social-cultural aspect. This study highlights that attention to social-cultural characteristics is of utmost importance in the process of promoting the use of active modes of transportation. Regardless of the challenges, indicators related to the social aspect can give policy-makers very comprehensive knowledge of the social characteristics of communities where a project is to be applied. The infrastructures related to intelligentization, play an undeniable role in the future of sustainable transportation around the world. Raising the level of citizens' awareness of the benefits of using active transportation systems and its direct effects on the health of the body, mind, spirit and the environment is one of the necessary solutions that must be implemented at different levels of society throughout various educational methods. Furthermore, the use of correct policies that can be adopted positively and negatively complements all efforts in the direction of developing the use of active transportation systems among citizens. In the end, this investigation highlights that in the decision-making process for any project which is meant to encourage people to use active modes of transportation, consideration of indicators and paying attention to current and expected transportation requirements are very important to reach an ideal future.

Nowadays, with the advancement of new technologies in airport design, the traditional methods of airport construction do not meet the needs of modern man, and the need for prefabricated construction is felt more than ever. On the other hand, the use of prefabricated strategies leads to the realization of sustainable transportation goals, which has not been considered in the design of airports in the country. This issue is very important in Imam Khomeini International Airport (RA) due to its special and strategic location. In the design of the said airport, an attempt was made to use modern architectural methods, regardless of the socio-cultural indicators of the area, and due to its distance from the city center, from an economic and environmental point of view, there are also adverse effects in achieving the goals of sustainable transportation.

In this research, after reviewing specialized texts in the field of airport design, modern methods of pre-fabrication, as well as the importance of sustainable transportation approach, approaches and indicators of airport design in order to promote sustainable transportation based on the application of the method. New prefabs are examined and extracted. This research, which is practical from the point of view of the goal, and the type of research is a combination, and a quantitative-qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical method of field and survey studies has been used. The required indicators of the research were extracted from the study and review of specialized texts and were given to 50 experts in the fields of architecture, urban planning and aviation in the form of a questionnaire. The method of data analysis is using t-test, Friedman, factor analysis and structural equation modeling method. In this part of the research, smartpls3 and spss20 software were used.

The "economic" dimension with an average rating of 2.73 plays the most impact from the point of view of realizing the goals of sustainable architecture through modern methods of prefabrication. In the following, the "biological-environmental" dimension with an average ranking of 1.94 and then the "social-cultural" dimension with an average ranking of 1.33 respectively have the greatest impact on the realization of sustainable architecture goals through pre-construction strategies in the design of airports.

The attention of the majority of experts and designers is generally on the economic and environmental aspects of modern pre-fabrication methods, and from the perspective of socio-cultural aspects. and its alignment with the mentioned component is not given the necessary attention, therefore, one of the main reasons for the lack of success and progress of pre-fabrication methods in the design of airports in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development can be attributed to the lack of attention of designers and city officials to He knew the socio-cultural component and related indicators. Therefore, in addition to the two environmental and economic components, we should use the socio-cultural component and its indicators in the design of airports in order to have more social acceptability and, as a result, a smoother path towards the realization of sustainable development goals.

The development of public transportation (TOD) is considered as one of the most obvious forms of smart growth and one of the examples of sustainable transportation. The process of urban growth with a decrease in the quality of services in the transportation system, which has increased the volume of traffic and inadequacy in services, especially in metropolitan cities, seems challenging and inefficient. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between land use and transportation in the form of stratification of three metro stations in the 8th district of Mashhad, namely Koh Sangi, Shariati and Basij, through the measurement of selected indicators, including block characteristics, mix of uses, pedestrian crossings, and bicycle paths. And the transportation facility is under the development of public transportation (TOD). The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and its type is quantitative and qualitative. Data collection has been done through document-library and completing the questionnaire. For data analysis, spatial analysis methods, hierarchical analysis (AHP) were used for stratification in terms of compliance with TOD indicators, SWOT analysis was used, and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) was used to determine priorities. has been the results of this research showed that Koh Sangi station with a final score of 0.448 is the best option in terms of meeting TOD indicators in District 8 of Mashhad Municipality. The next priority is Shariati station with a final score of 0.312 and Basij station with a score of 0.240. After measuring the indicators and choosing the final station and analysis tables, SO offensive strategy has been selected and suggestions have been made in line with this strategy.

Nowadays, streets are predominantly dominated by vehicles, which has led to disruptions in the cycle of sustainability in urban transportation. Excessive use of private cars has increased the likelihood of accidents. This article addresses these issues by employing approaches such as traffic calming and neighborhood planning. Therefore, assessing and evaluating the factors that influence traffic calming in urban neighborhoods, with an emphasis on creating a home zone, is crucial for achieving sustainable transportation.The present article falls into the descriptive-analytical category, which also aligns with applied-qualitative studies. Initially, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) using the Super Decision software is employed to prioritize options for achieving sustainable transportation based on the evaluations of two prominent experts. Then, suitable criteria for traffic calming are determined using the Delphi method. Finally, a comparative study (new neighborhood vs. old neighborhood) is conducted using statistical analysis to evaluate the more suitable options.According to the findings of the article, the options of eliminating through traffic, reducing air pollution through land use integration, decreasing private vehicle congestion, and enhancing functional compatibility received the highest scores for achieving sustainable transportation. These align with the criteria of form, function, aesthetics, content, and behavior, which are the primary criteria for achieving traffic calming. Additionally, based on the results, the residents of Sheikh Abad neighborhood were more inclined towards actions related to function and content compared to Mollasadra neighborhood.

Metro is one of the public transportation systems that plays an effective role in transporting citizens in big cities, which is moving towards sustainable development. The quality of services provided by this system has a significant effect on the desirability and the increase of passenger engagement. In this article, the components of spatial quality affecting the satisfaction of metro users is investigated. The focus of the research has been on examining functional components. Metro line 2 of Tehran municipality is investigated as a case study of this article. In order to determine the effective components, the completion of a questionnaire among the users of Tehran Metro Line 2 stations and the use of factor analysis technique is used. Based on the results of the surveys, the parameters of metro passengers' satisfaction with escalators, arrival time, ventilation quality, interior decorations, facilities for the elderly and satisfaction with the level of lighting have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of users of Metro Line 2 stations of Tehran Municipality. In addition, sanitary services, emergency and prayer rooms are among the most popular uses of these stations. In this regard, it is suggested to work on the situation of these cases while improving the services provided to passengers in order to attract more passengers and reduce the use of private cars in urban transportation.

Considering the relationship between urban development and transportation in modern urban planning promotes the city's quality standards. The development of cities, taking advantage of the potential of urban transportation elements have always been considered throughout history and has been done in different time periods with different goals and methods. In this context, what is emphasized in the third millennium is integration in urban development and transportation planning.The aim of this study is to investigate the components of TOD and to examine the advantages of the interaction between urban development and public transportation and the global results of this approach. For this purpose, after introducing and advantages of TOD, the effect of location and density of development, land use mix, cycling, and walking conditions, quality and the proximity of public transportation, parking management, Restrictions on personal car movement and travel demand management are explored in people's travel behavior. Finally, the impact of integrated integration on urban development and transportation in three successful cities are stated.

Automobile dependence is one of the most important symptoms of modern cities which have negative impacts on environmental, social, and economic aspects. The impacts such as injuries in accidents, air, water, and soil pollution, noise, townscape perturbation, traffic jams, and waste of time and energy are more known examples. In order to establish efficient strategies and policies to improve the situation, a complete and detailed evaluation of automobile dependence is necessary. The objective of the research is to evaluate the new town of Marne-la-Vallée in the east of Paris in France as the case study from the "automobile dependence" viewpoint. This research also confirms that the theory of "conceptual combinations of three urban fabrics" developed by Peter Newman is applied in this new town. As explained in this theory, usually in a metropolis the urban form is classified into three distinct urban fabrics: the first one is "walking urban fabric" which contains the core of the city, the second one is "transit urban fabric" which contains inner and outer urban fabrics and finally the third one "auto urban fabric" which is relatively automobile-dependent urban fabric. With a total population of 311851 in 2015, this new town has been planned as a hub of employment and residence in Parisian suburb. Marne-la-Vallée is formed by 4 sectors of (1) Porte de Paris, (2) Val Maubuée, (3) Val-de-Bussy, and (4) Val-d'Europe, which are consisted of 26 "communes". The key literature of automobile dependence is investigated in 6 dimensions: compactness/sprawl of urban fabric, accessibility to urban centers, sustainable transportation, population density, urban fabric clustering, and accessibility of green and open spaces, in each dimension a set of parameters has been defined and quantified to evaluate the state of automobile dependence related to the urban fabric. In this research, quantitative method has been used and data collection has been carried out with the assistance of the INSEE (The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) database. The findings show that the new town of Marne-la-Vallée is relatively automobile-dependent and this dependency is a dependent variable of "distance from center" (Paris), which means the further away from the center, the more the rate of automobile dependence in 6 investigated dimensions.  Finally, in a spider chart, the result of car dependence is shown separately for each of the four parts of this new town. Despite the objectives of the planners for this new town, the urban form of Marne-la-Vallée is not successful according to sustainable urban transportation and automobile dependency concept. Also, the typical principles and rules concerning other suburbs are present here and this new town has to take the necessary measures to resolve the problem of automobile dependence.

Urbanization and the uneven development of urban forms have exacerbated many problems, including reducing the livability of automotive development and walkability. In recent years, paying attention to sustainable transportation and walkability as one of its policies has been addressed by the unfavorable conditions of urban development. Given the long-term effects of policies on land use and their long-term effects on citizens' attitudes and behaviors, choosing the optimal policies and monitoring the effectiveness of planning and policymaking to achieve sustainability seems necessary. In this paper, using the system dynamics model in the Vensim software environment, the urban transportation and its effective factors in Mashhad have been modeled as case studies. Thus, after calibrating and validating the model, the results of 14 indicators in the economic, social, and environmental and transport sectors in 5 scenarios were investigated with the aim of comparing the impact of long-term walkability policy on other sustainable urban transport policies. The results of this study indicate that public and private transport pricing and increased utility of public transport with 28% and 20% improvement in sustainability indicators, respectively. Compared to other scenarios have the highest priority. On the other hand, walking and cycling development policies alone and without connecting to an integrated transport system have less effect on urban sustainability, and sustainable transport planning needs to be done in conjunction with the consideration of walkability and pricing policies.

After the development of transportation and the decline of environmental quality, especially in central context of cities, improving people’s living conditions and returning urban spaces to them became important. During the past five decades, many cities from all over the word have focused on the policy of constructing footpaths in order to make the cities walkable. However, constructing footpaths in various cities has had different outcomes, so far in some places that it has led to the closure of footpaths due to their failure and the reopening of the path to vehicles. Therefore, in this research we identify valid indicators for comparing successful examples of Iranian and foreign footpaths. With this we could identify the most important weaknesses of Iranian pathways compared to their foreign counterparts. This research is descriptive-analytic and is based on documentary and field studies. Also, Analytical Network Process (ANP) method has been used in order to compare the case studies, and to preserve all the relationships between clusters and nodes in the assessment. Furthermore, Delphi method (opinions of expert group) has been used for comparing the paired nodes and clusters. The results of this research show that the quality of Iranian footpaths is considerably lower than the quality of foreign footpaths. One of the main reasons for this is the absence of adequate attention towards “Social and Management” parameters in the planning and designing process of footpaths. Therefore, it is suggested that these factors are taken into consideration: paying attention to the needs of the “Beneficiaries’ in the designing process”, the “variety of users”, and “Project flexibility”.