جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بناهای تاریخی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

In today's world, urban management goes beyond its traditional roles and functions as a strategic responsibility with far-reaching operational implications, establishing inseparable interactions with the domains of power, politics, society, and urban economy. In this context, preserving and maintaining cultural heritage, especially historical buildings, embodying a civilization's identity and culture, play a pivotal role in sustainable urban development. This research aims to examine the role of urban management in enhancing the quality of historical building maintenance in the metropolis of Tehran. This research is correlational and involved gathering data from 373 employees and managers of the Tehran Municipality to examine the relationship between urban management variables and the quality of historical building maintenance. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and the SmartPLS software. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the variables of municipality, city council, chamber of commerce, and other organizations and the quality of historical building maintenance. These results underscore the crucial role of urban management at various organizational levels and in collaboration with other stakeholders in elevating the maintenance quality of this invaluable heritage. Urban management holds a fundamental responsibility in preserving and enhancing the quality of historical buildings, which serve as symbols of urban identity and culture. The research findings highlight that constructive interactions between the various organizational levels of the municipality, city council, chamber of commerce, and other stakeholders, along with effective planning and policy implementation, can significantly contribute to improving the quality of historical building maintenance.

Numerous factors have been influential in the creation of Iranian architectural heritage, and due to the diversity of these factors, often the physical and material aspects that have a tangible field of perception have been studied and analyzed. This is while other influential aspects with non-physical nature have been effective in the formation of architectural structure in the context of human and building communication. The moral characteristics of human beings in the form of founders, architects, artists, and users of buildings have also influenced the physical and functional structure of historical buildings. Jealousy and competition as human feelings and emotions have been influential in the construction process and functional system of some historical monuments of Isfahan province during the Safavid and Qajar eras. During this period, architectural creations have sometimes been a means to show the splendor, durability, and social status of the founder. Abandonment of the position of the two components of jealousy and competition as a compelling emotion in the connection between man and the monument has been the primary motivation for entering the present study. The main goal to respond to the effects of jealousy and competition in the structure of Isfahan's historical monuments is as follows: By analyzing the effects of jealousy and competition as fundamental components in the connection between human beings and historical monuments, the changes, and signs in the structure of historical monuments in Isfahan province should be explained. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of development and by using library documents, field studies, and interviews. The findings have been analyzed using a qualitative approach through comparison and interpretation. Based on the research results, research background, and documentary studies on the subject, the relationship between the effects of jealousy and competition in the structure of historic buildings can be analyzed in the following eight general areas: 1- Cause and motivation in investing in building a building, 2- Creating similar and homogeneous physical structures, 3- Creating similar and homogeneous physical structures in the neighborhood and proximity to each other, 4- Creating and combining unconventional spaces and architectural elements, 5- Changing performance Spaces and architectural elements, 6- Creating new additions in interior layout and organization, 7- Building development and 8- Determining the Place-Name.

The World Heritage of Gonbad-e Qābus tower, as one of the architectural masterpieces of the Islamic period of Iran, has been exposed to various biological growths and invasions in the open air. This study aims to identify the type of biological agents living on the ancient brick surfaces in Gonbad-e Qābus tower in Gonbad-e kāvus city in Golestan province. In this research, using field observations, in-site macroscopic observations, microscopic methods, and library studies, biological factors were identified and influenced on the brick surface of the Qaboos dome in three parts: foundation, body, and dome. Based on this, the biodeterioration factors were divided into two sampling groups. The first group includes macro-organisms, which was done to prevent damage based on the identification method based on documentation and camera photography. The second group is the sampling of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, microalgae and cyanobacteria, lichens, which are sampled from the brick surface with sterile tweezers and then transferred into the microtube and by the method morphology, culture and microscopy were identified. In general, nine groups of organisms responsible for biodeterioration were identified in this study, among their main groups are bacteria, cyanobacteria and algae, fungi, lichens, mosses and plants, insects and small animals. Macro-organisms increase and decrease with changes in humidity and are therefore effective in the mechanical destruction of substrate components. Among the macro-organisms, plants and mosses were known to be the most important enemies of the existing brick substrate of Gonbad-e Qābus tower. Microorganisms are able to form clones and biofilms on the surface of the brick substrate. They secrete acids that break down the minerals that make up the brick substrate and thus play an important role in the biodeterioration of the building. In general, the bricks of the exterior walls of the building are exposed to the attack of various biological and non-living factors and generally show less resistance to the activities of wear factors. Humidity, temperature and light and urban dust pollution are potential factors in increasing the factors involved in biodeterioration can be discussed in future researches.

To take any action to protect a historic building, awareness of the mechanical properties of the materials and their constituent elements is a necessary step that must be accompanied by the minimal damage to the body and texture of the historic building. Minimizing interventions in the historical structure and using non-destructive methods to study and identify its elements is one of the requirements for improving the status of cultural heritage. Among non-destructive methods, acoustic techniques are one of the most commonly used methods in recent decades, which provide us with critical information about the quality and protective status of the elements under study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance, capacity, and results of using acoustic wave propagation to analyze the conservation status of heritage buildings. This article is a review of scientific researches from the last six years in the field of studies and research related to acoustic tests and a summary of the basic technical principles, equipment required, how to perform tests, applications, limitations in relationship with the conditions of the site and finally the analysis of the data obtained from these tests. Studies show that different materials and structures, as well as damages such as cracks and internal cavities, behave differently against the propagation of acoustic waves. As a result, the same difference in behavior can be used to assess the quality of buildings and materials, identify existing heterogeneities, injuries, especially cracks, detachment of wall coatings, and control the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

In this article, we examine the role of artificial intelligence in the reconstruction, restoration and maintenance of Iran's historical monuments and ancient artifacts. A country like Iran, which has an ancient and rich civilization, definitely has ancient works and buildings that have been left from the distant past and the history of this civilization. Although some of these works and buildings were destroyed by colonialists, or looted, or kept in other countries, or were destroyed naturally, it is our duty to maintain and protect all the works left from the past. goes Maintenance and restoration of these works becomes difficult and very expensive despite natural disasters or other dangers that threaten these works, but with the advancement of technology, new methods to protect these works have been created. They have said that they are very beneficial to the country's historical monuments. Since the arrival of artificial intelligence in Iran, it didn't take long until its effects became visible in various fields. Due to its high accuracy and speed, as well as its extreme practicality, this technology attracted the attention of researchers and archaeologists, and over time it was used in various matters. Was used. This technology has been done to a limited number such as the digital reconstruction of Persepolis in Iran. Among the uses of artificial intelligence, it is possible to mention the creation of digital museums or the creation of 3D models of these works, which have other advantages such as lower costs, access in all places and times, and creating grounds for further studies for It brings researchers or the creation of educational materials for enthusiasts all over the world.

Each year a large number of historical building are destroyed by seismic events. Assessment of seismic vulnerability of heritage buildings has an important role on their conservation process. Identifying the mechanical characteristics of the materials used in constructions is one of the most important steps in seismic assessment, which is determined through destructive and semi-destructive tests. Due to the fact that destructive testing on heritage buildings is considered as kind of damage, Italian researchers have proposed a qualitative method called the masonry quality index (MQI) to estimate the mechanical properties of heritage building materials. In this article, the function of mentioned method has been used to estimate the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of building materials in Nafisi historical house in Tabriz and the validation of the results has been compared with the results of double flat jack test. According to the comparison of the obtained results, the minimum and maximum compressive strength obtained by the MQI method in the range 3.89 and 2.29 MPa, while the compressive strength obtained by the flat jack test was in the range of 1.13 - 0.81 Mpa. Which indicates a high contrast. Also, the minimum and maximum values ​​of modulus of elasticity calculated by the masonry quality index (MQI) method are in the range between 1628.5 - 1137.06 MPa, which is compared with the results obtained by the double flat jack test between 1182.06 – 1382.27 MPa, showed a good agreement with each other. According to the results of compressive strength, it is necessary more studies are needed to apply the MQI (masonry quality index) method on native heritage buildings. It seems that in case of further studies, the method of masonry quality index can be adjusted appropriately with native heritage buildings and it can be used as a fast and safe method to estimate the mechanical properties of building materials.

Space syntax is a set of methods and theories that study how the configuration structure of space, organization, and social behaviors interact. Examining the spatial layout is one of the basic strategies for evaluating the usages of any building. This issue is especially evident in historical buildings because the technique of space syntax and drawing justification diagrams makes it possible to analyze the spatial relationships of buildings. Shah Abbasi Caravanserai has long centuries history and has had different uses in different periods. This article examines the spatial arrangement of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai, located in Karaj, in the Safavid and Qajar periods by using the space syntax technique. Also, by considering the change of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai's use to a school in the Qajar period, it seeks to answer the main question: to what extent did the new use correspond to the spatial relations of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai? What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing this user? To answer this question, first, using the descriptive-analytical method and library studies and field surveys, the spatial arrangement of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai in the Safavid and Qajar periods has been studied. Then, drawing diagrams using the space syntax technique and analyzing them based on various influential factors was done. The research result was concluded through analyzing data and comparing the justification diagrams with school diagrams in the Qajar period, indicating that the new spatial arrangement of Shah Abbasi Caravanserai in the Qajar era was done as a result of changing the use to the school. Also, despite some disadvantages because of this change, including a lack of attention to proper access hierarchy, ventilation, and proportions, it is compatible with the spatial relationships of schools of that time to a large extent.

An Example of sustainable conservation is energy management in the reuse of the architectural heritage. Reuse of historical building by an energy efficient approach is found to play a prominent role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and as consequence, yields a dynamic balance between natural and human environments. However, the main challenge is defining the measures improving the energy efficiency, while the reliable performance and controlled destructive interventions are achieved simultaneously. Thinking about how to conservation and reuse historic buildings and how to control climate change makes energy efficiency improvements an inevitable necessity. While an extensive research has been devoted on this topic in the developed countries, the current study is among the first steps in Iran. In this research, it is aimed at obtaining a systematic process and framework of measures conserving the historic buildings and optimizing the energy consumption. In addition to reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and climate change control, the anticipated measures for improving the energy efficiency will lead a sustainable conservation of architectural heritage. Accordingly, in this research, a thorough review and detailed analysis was performed on the processes and measures reported in the literature. In this article, library research method is utilized for data collection and the data are analyzed qualitatively with content analysis strategy. As it is shown in this study, the first steps toward improving the energy efficiency in historic buildings are non-intervention measure, including: A) Increasing user awareness and modifying user energy behavior, which is a qualitative and time-consuming measure. B) Implementing measures benefiting from the principles of climate-compatible architecture; Such as adapting the physical quality, spatial quality, quality of architectural elements and components in the historical buildings at the time of reuse, with the climatic principles used by traditional architects at the time of the construction of the historical buildings. According to the assessments, in the case of required intervention measures in historic buildings, the flowchart of measures to improve energy efficiency should be in the form of a recurring flow, making it possible to review a variety of measures with minimum intervention measures priority. The intervention measures are implemented in the second step which include: A) At first, minimal intervention measures will be taken in the building envelop. Such as: Airtightness windows, installing curtains and awnings and shading to reduce solar gains, Solar Window Films to reduce solar gain and, if the results of the evaluations are not appropriate, in the next step, the envelope is optimized by thermal insulation of the walls, ceiling and floor. B) Evaluation and optimization of the lighting system, which may be limited to minor modifications of the lighting system in the current situation or require the installation or replacement of lighting systems and special lighting with intervention measures. C) If the measures are perceived insufficient by the assessment, it is necessary to conduct the last part of the intervention measures which is dedicated to the installation or optimization of cooling, heating and air conditioning systems compatible with historical buildings.

Cultural heritage is an invaluable asset to human beings that reflects their achievements over the centuries. The need to identify and protect cultural heritage is well understood, and experts strive to use every means possible to achieve this goal. Preservation and restoration of cultural heritage include conservation of historic buildings using all new technologies that are as effective as possible in maintaining the original condition. They are often associated with geometric surveying, surveillance, and heritage documentation. This article introduces the science of photogrammetry, types, tools, and techniques by reviewing and analyzing 20 reputable publications articles in the last five years. this article demonstrates the efficiency of this technology in the conservation, restoration, and documentation of cultural heritage by introducing some comparative examples in the present era. Documenting monuments is the first step to any intervention and planning. Architectural heritage photogrammetry is a helpful and standard process for obtaining accurate 3D data for documentation and virtualizing historical monuments.  Also is one of the most recommended non-invasive methods, consisting of techniques for interpreting, measuring, and modeling objects by the basis of images obtained from them. According to studies, the science of photogrammetry is one of the most widely used, cheapest, and most available non-destructive technologies in restoration science, and with the advancement of science, newer and more efficient tools and methods in this field are presented.

Paying attention to issues related to evaluation, decision making and selection has beenone of the most controversial topics today, and in most cases, not only all the factorsinfluencing the evaluation and selection are not considered, but also the set of factors andvariables considered are not agreed upon by experts. Hence, in this research the issueof identifying factors and variables effective in increasing productivity in the field ofrestoration and reuse of historic buildings has been addressed, and the research is basedon the question that what factors should be considered in order to increase productivityin the evaluation and selection of restoration projects and reuse of historical houses inIran and how important is each of the factors? According to this, the purpose of theresearch is identifying effective variables in evaluating and selectiong restoration projectsand reuse of historic houses with the approach of increasing efficiency and determiningdegree of importance in restoration and reuse of historical houses. In this manuscriptby taking advantage of survey research and through the preparation of questionnaire,experts’ views and opinions on the subject were collected and after doing the validationby factor analysis method, the variables were allowed to be extracted entitled “EffectiveFactors of increasing efficiency and Restoration of Iran Houses”. Each factor was derivedfrom several independent variables and was ranked depending on their significance. Theresults of the questionnaire analysis revealed eight main factors associated with increasingefficiency in houses including: “Protecting Values”, “Efficiency Management”, “Support”,“Uses Determination (Revival)”, “General principles of protection”, “Maintenance”,“Adaptation”, “Execution (Restoration)”. Among the factors determined, “ProtectingValues” gained the most importance. Finally, by obtaining the reliability coefficient ofeach of the factors, it was possible to evaluate and select the restoration projects andincrease their productivity and obtain the total factors agreed upon by the experts.

The aim of this study was to explain the role of place representation in shaping the mental image of tourists from traditional residences. Representing the architecture of traditional residences in cyberspace as one of the most important sources of effective information in shaping the image of tourist destinations is of great importance. Today, traditional resorts as one of the most important tourist attractions of historic cities, are of interest to tourists. These tourists make extensive use of the visual and verbal information contained in the online media to identify and select their destinations. Using a qualitative approach, in addition to field observations, research data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 32 domestic and foreign tourists, experienced tour guides, content production experts, and managers of traditional accommodations. To analyze the data and present the final theory, the data theory method of Corbin and Strauss Innovative Foundation was used. Based on this method, through open, central and selective coding, research findings were drawn and presented in the form of a paradigm model consisting of three dimensions of conditions, strategies and consequences. The findings include 9 sub-categories, consisting of cyberspace, location-based representation, cultural tourism, geographical context of the destination, managerial factors, tourism, location-based evaluation, online interaction and exchange, and mental image enhancement. The main category of this research is location-based experience, which includes the sub-categories. Providing a conceptual model to explain the relationships between categories shows that the category of location-based representation, as the most important reason for creating experience through space, allows the development of perceptions of the environment, which is classified into three categories: architectural representation, representation of semantic aspects and representation of activities and events. The role of architectural representation was done by explaining how the mental image of tourists is formed from traditional accommodations in cyberspace. The results of this study can help architects to understand the perceptions and knowledge of tourists of traditional accommodations in cyberspace, as well as how historical monuments are represented in the media.

Despite the prominent role of traditional master masons of Iran in the creation of historical architecture, they have rarely been in the spotlight of historians. Limited information, therefore, is available today about their guild traditions, thoughts, techniques and skills, and their professional lives. In the contemporary era, with the development of the modern discipline of restoration, a new group of master masons emerged who are at the same time associated with the apprenticeship traditions in their guilds and families, and also work under the supervision of academic restorers and architects. Thus, with an “incomplete return”, these masters found a way back to historical monuments and work in traditional architecture workshops. This article examines the connection of contemporary master masons with historical monuments by the help of the Rezāyat family, one of the master-mason families of Isfahan. How these masters deal with historical monuments, the information they have in mind about monuments, and how they use this knowledge to design new works were investigated thoroughly. To answer these questions, the required information was collected by conducting semi-structured and open-ended interviews, oral history method, as well as observation and taking field notes about their works and design and construction methods they utilized. The collected data were analyzed by coding based on grounded theory. Accordingly, the connection of the master masons of the Rezāyat family with the historical monuments in Isfahan can be explained at five levels: coexistence, reading, memorizing, inspiration, and referencing (general and specific). The analysis of these qualities shows that historical monuments are critical resources in the schema of these masters. The masons of the Rezāyat family reside in a Seljuq-built, subjective-objective territory in Isfahan, centralized in the Joubareh neighborhood. They have observed historical elements since their childhood, and studied, remembered, and utilized them in their new endeavors like lessons learned in a "school of architectural design."

Intervention in historic buildings to adapt them to new uses may in some cases be inconsistent with aspects of their authenticity as a cultural heritage. Evaluation of these adaptations is essential to judge the appropriateness of interventions or to ensure the correctness of decisions for future actions. Despite the spread of such experiences in the country, there is still no formal and comprehensive evaluation system in place. In order to achieve the desired goals, depending on the situation, different models are used in designing and implementing evaluations. With this in mind, the present paper addresses the following questions: What factors influence compilation of an evaluation model and how? And what is the evaluation model in accordance with the conditions of historic buildings adaptation experiences in Iran? To answer these questions, in the framework of qualitative content analysis method, document review and logical reasoning were used in data collection and analysis. Evaluation literature indicates that the selection of appropriate approaches and compiling the model of evaluations is depending on factors arising from the evaluand nature and evaluation context. At this stage, the approach selection model was developed, considering the possible situations of the effective factors. In the next step, after identifying evaluation situations in historic buildings adaptation experiences and challenges facing them, especially in Iran, the status of the factors influencing determination of design and implementation approaches was investigated. Studies showed that determining the status of some factors depends on the case and is unpredictable. therefore, it is not possible to suggest a predetermined model for evaluations. In conclusion, based on the probable status of factors, usable approaches are presented as a framework which can help compiling an evaluation model that fits the context of historic buildings adaptation experiences in Iran and the specific characteristics of each project.

The high vulnerability of the cultural buildings due to seismic actions urged researchers to retrofit them using reversible and compatible techniques. The application of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) for enhancing the structural behavior of masonry buildings, under seismic actions, has been studied by many researchers. The near-surface mounting (NSM) technique is a relatively new retrofitting approach that involves bonding FRP bars/strips inserted into grooves cut of mortar joints. This method is an appropriate technique to be used in seismic retrofitting of heritage buildings, because of its low influence on the global mass, high strength-to-weight ratios, minimum durability concern, ease of handling, flexibility and fast installation that improve on-site productivity, low impact of building functions, and low architectural and structural interventions. No.1 Educational heritage building of Tabriz Islamic Art University has flexible diaphragms with unreinforced masonry walls as lateral and gravitational resisting system. The masonry walls have no tie beams or columns and appropriate connection to the floors. Furthermore, the building has irregularity in plane because of length to width ratio more than 3. Another deficiency of this building to resist seismic load is related to the existence of small percentage of masonry wall in transversal direction compared with longitudinal direction, which can be result in torsional irregularity in the structure. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of applying NSM technique on seismic performance of this heritage building. For this purpose, a 3D Equivalent frame model was created in 3Muri software to simulate the structural behavior of strengthened masonry walls. The masonry was modeled by macro-modeling approach and FRP bars/strips were modeled as attaching to the masonry walls. A safety index value according to “Guidelines for evaluation and mitigation of seismic risk to cultural heritage”, have been calculated to evaluate the seismic behavior of the building before and after applying retrofitting method. The selected safety index depends on shear strength of the structure, site seismic hazard zone and the desired building performance level. Nonlinear static analysis has been employed by 3Muri software to evaluate the safety index for selected limit states including Ultimate Limit State (SLU) and Damage Limit State (SLD). The distribution of lateral load is done in two different modes; proportional to the shape of the first mode and proportional to story mass. Based on the results of twenty-four pushover analysis, it has been concluded that inserting the FRP strips to the masonry walls and adding new masonry walls reinforced by FRP bars, increase the safety index significantly in both directions, especially in the transversal direction. Also it has been observed that shear strength of the building increased considerably after applying the retrofitting design relative to the existing condition. More uniform distribution of the safety index between different analyses was another positive effect of using this technique. The results of this research demonstrated the advantages of using NSM technique for seismic performance of heritage buildings and are based on a numerical modeling and pushover analysis which uses the performance criteria of safety index, while more experimental and numerical studies are proposed for future studies.

Iranian architecture is full of innovations and initiatives that have evolved over time and have succeeded in erecting sustainable buildings with a logic of static and balanced forces. It has succeeded in erecting stable structures with a static logic and balance of forces. The use of local materials along with the use of various methods and techniques of structures, has paved the way for Iranian architects to create unique and sustainable spaces.one of the most important tasks of architects and restorers is to review and analyze these methods. Undoubtedly, in order to enter the category of recognizing, preserving and restoring architectural heritage, it is necessary to first look at this great heritage with a scientific approach and then make a detailed analysis of the structure of the building.One of these techniques is weight lightening. This is achieved by using the geometry, proportions, experience and ingenuity of the architect. weight lightening in historical buildings was performed in different ways. In addition to reducing the weight of the building, it balances the forces on the load-bearing components, especially the arch, and provides more stability to the building. This study seeks to answer the questions of how weight lightening in historical buildings was carried out and in what ways, what role was played in the balance of forces in the building, and how it has been able to increase the useful life and make the building resistant to natural disasters. To find the answer, the present article is designed with the aim of examining, and recognizing, the method of stylistic benefits in traditional buildings, and then examines the various, weight lightening methods in terms of the form and manner of power transmission and impact on the building And manner of power transmission and impact on the building The method of qualitative research is based on descriptive, comparative, field studies and research of traditional masters. Finally, by using modeling by AutoCAD and TriDimax software and comparing different styles of styling, the article, has tried to present a typology of styling in traditional structural elements. Finally, various, weight-lightening methods, are identified in traditional buildings and it is understood that weight lightening leads to greater stability by reducing the weight of the structure and solving the thrust problems. It should be noted that this study does not include domes, domed arches and all-wood structures that are common in the Caspian climate of Iran.

From the past, interior decorations in Iran have been part of the visual and artistic culture of the collection of visual works in interacting with architecture, which has been implemented with a variety of materials and techniques. The decoration of palaces, public and private buildings during the Safavid period were abundant, as the various arrays used, indicates a variety of design, motifs, and performance that, despite many studies, there is no complete information on how all these types of decorations are, especially, research in this area is generally around a variety of colorful and with many motifs, and recognizing simpler decorations is somehow in the shade and margin. Among all of the types of decorations used during the Safavid era, some surfaces are decorated simply on a white background with an oyster-like and brilliant effect that the purpose of this research is to identify the type of material used to create such an effect on the white surfaces of the Hasht-Behesht palace and one of the historical houses of Isfahan. The Historic monument of Hasht-Behesht was built during the reign of Shah-Soleiman and is of its kind in the unique palaces of the Safavid era. Among the various decorations of this building, some simple white decorative surfaces are surrounded in color lines, or with decorative elements such as Rosace and Pendentif elements on a white background have been implemented. The white color of the background in this type of decorative surfaces has an oyster-like and brilliant effect. Identifying this decorative style was based on field observations, historical sources, and the use of laboratory techniques, since it was not possible to complete recognition of the methods used in the past by merely confining the experimental methods and studying ancient resources. The compound found in the analysis shows a typical potassium-aluminum hydrate silicate from the muscovite mica group. The identified composition is a kind of Muscovite mica. To find out more about this kind of decorative art, we have tried to look at a sample of similar decorations from the Safavid period in one of the historic houses of Isfahan. The use of the fine flakes of mica to create brilliance on white surfaces has in the past been a comprehensive way to decorate the architectural surfaces of the buildings, as we see it in both the Hasht-Behesht Palace and the Iranian houses. During the recent centuries, the materials and techniques used in the Iranian architectural decorations and their application, have been forgotten, but by reference to the old written texts, can be found the signs of their use and methods of preparation. Understanding one of the many types of Iranian architecture decorations with such methods can be a step to resolve the ambiguity of the art of wall paintings in Iran. Gaining a better recognition of the techniques of Iranian interior decoration will be very effective in protecting them. In the forthcoming research also, with the historical texts reading, other artistic applications in manuscript and book design and book crafting will be examined.