جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تاپسیس » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The evolution in industry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to greater human domination of the planet and the environment. In the field of clean environment, urban parks are regarded as an important element in creation of a sustainable city. They provide opportunities in various areas for instance by improving the environment quality, enabling active and passive entertainment, and creating a beautiful environment. Accordingly, thinkers have considered the strengthening of the relationship between the urban man and the nature as a major way of dealing with the problems of urbanization. Therefore, cities need particular attention today in terms of revival of the urban nature, as presence of the nature in the city, to the necessary extent, and its composition and distribution is a requirement of sustainable development. Evidence from Iran and the area under study in regard to current urban green space planning and design indicates that the idea of ​​ecological design and planning is very weakly treated. Due to the dissatisfaction with the current conditions in the design of urban green spaces as an important part of the city, development of green spaces with high ecological efficiency, significant bioclimatic features in particular, should be considered.

In the ranking provided by the TOPSIS method, Elogli Park exhibits the lowest positive ideal (5.41) and the highest negative ideal (13.45), followed by the Shams, Baghmishe, and Eram parks, in that order. This is because the cli coefficient, the negative ideal divided by the sum of the positive and negative ideals, for Elogli Park (15.93) is higher than those for the other parks, assigning it the highest priority in ecological terms among the parks under investigation. The four studied forest parks were classified by ecological indicators using the electric model. According to the results obtained by this method, Elogli Park was ranked first in ecological terms, and the Shams, Baghmishe, and Eram parks were ranked next. A point to be noted concerned the improper conditions of the Baghmishe and Eram parks, the latter in particular, in terms of the indicators, calling for greater attention to these parks. Based on the data on vegetation density, Shams Park exhibited denser coverage than the other parks, followed by Elogli, Baghmishe, and Eram, in that order. The denser the vegetation, the higher the priority of the park, and the better its ecological conditions. According to the three indicators studied in the GIS environment, Shams Park was in better conditions in ecological terms than the other parks.

The results demonstrated that today’s cities need multi-purpose ecological balancing spaces rather than gardens and lawn. The prioritization of the parks based on cultural criteria indicated that the Eram and Shams parks were in better conditions than Shahgoli and Baghmishe. Physically, Elgoli Park was found to hold the highest priority, followed by Shams, Baghmishe, and Eram, in that order. In environmental terms, the Elgoli, Shams, Baghmishe, and Eram parks were ranked in that order. In terms of access features, Baghmishe and Shams were ranked first, followed by Elgoli and Eram. Finally, Elgoli and Shams were both identified through combination of the maps for all the criteria according to their weights as the best parks in terms of accessibility and cultural, environmental, and physical features. They were followed by Baghmishe Park, and Eram exhibited the lowest score among the parks in terms of the above features.

Many cities in the world are involved with air pollution and environmental pollution. The consumption of fossil fuels in buildings has an enormous impact on the pollution. About 40% of the total energy is spent on heating, cooling and lighting of buildings. The use of solar energy is one of the ways that reduce the thermal load of buildings. One of the factors that affect this utilization is the ratio of the height of the building to its side street width or sky view factor (SVF). By increasing this ratio, the possibility of using solar energy decreases and this possibility increases by decreasing the ratio. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the criteria of the detailed plan of Hamadan regarding the method of determining the height of buildings in terms of their use of solar energy and determining the quality rating of the buildings with different latitudes of solar energy. Based on Hamedan's detailed plan, the fourteen main options, along with the subset modes, each of which totally comprise eighteen modes, were analyzed in four effective indicators of energy consumption in buildings based on Tapsis method for North and South buildings. these indicators include the average angle of view of the barriers to solar radiation outside the outer shell, the ratio of the total surface of the shell exposed to outdoor to the total building volume, the ratio of the surface of the ceiling to the total surface of the outer shell on the south face, and the ratio of the thermal bridges in the facade to the total surface is the outer shell of the building. The results show that, generally, southern buildings in narrow dtreet, and northern buildings in widespread street have a better use of solar energy than other ones. According to the results, among the northern buildings, the buildings located in side of the 75-meter streets have the best Productivity and the buildings located in side of the 10-meter streets with over 220 square meters area are the most inefficient. Among the southern buildings, the buildings located in side of the 4-meter streets have the best Productivity and buildings located in side of the 30-meter streets with less than 300 square meters are the most inefficient.

Nowadays, most of the major municipalities are faced with many new projects up and running, sometimes their essential resources to start or finish them is several times more than the annual calculated budget. Most of the project-driven organizations use project portfolio management approach to deal with these types of problems and better productivity of their projects. The main constituent components include a process framework, decision criteria, methods and models of choosing the portfolio. The main objectives of this study is Identifying the most important aspects and criteria of projects selection and prioritization in the Department of Urban Development and Architecture, optimal portfolio selection and offering a mix of relative value models for the study's project portfolio selection. This study is an applied research in terms of objective and a descriptive - review one in terms of data collection. The instruments of data collection are reviews of documentation, interviews and questionnaires. According to the paper findings, the project portfolio management consists of a four-step process, portfolio selection, approval, implementation, monitoring and control. The project portfolio is defined and chosen as the first step through a five-step process, classification of projects, comprehensive evaluation of project, project selection, prioritization of projects and balancing the portfolios (in the case of more than one portfolio). The second step is making decisions of the approval and allocation of resources. Implementing the approved portfolio usually done at the third step and finally, the fourth step is consisted of a continuous and regular reporting and monitoring of all the undertaken works during the process of the running project portfolio. Classification methods and models of portfolio can be pointed out as other findings of this research. The project portfolio selection procedures can be classified into four groups, relative value models, economic value models, optimization models and artificial intelligence models. Unlike the economic value models, the relative value models assesse the projects based on a comparison against fixed scale or other projects and take advantages of qualitative and quantitative criteria for the projects selection simultaneously. The proposed model for Urban Development and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality's project portfolio were offered as a combination of Delphi, Analytic Network Process and TOPSIS techniques. In the first phase of the proposed model, Delphi method was used to determine the dimensions and criteria of the projects selection and prioritization. In order to select and prioritize case study projects, decision criteria were separately recognized and classified through technical, financial, social, environmental and economic cases for the selection of new projects, and technical, financial, social, environmental, risks and economic cases for the prioritizing new running projects with low percent of physical progress. In the second stage, weights of the dimensions and criteria were determined through network analysis process, so that, social, environmental and financial criteria obtained more points than the other groups by reviewing its results in both the selection and prioritization. In the third stage, final grading of the projects was done by TOPSIS technique, and the projects portfolio orders and points were determined. The results of the first step can be used in the resource allocation in the second step process of portfolio management.

Sense of belonging to place as a growing sense between place and people with common goals contains interests and attachments of individuals to the place. Places with these qualities have distinct atmospheres that remain on the individuals mind and lead them to return to the place. It is obvious that these distinctions are trying to illustrate physical and social spaces of life, containing meanings and activities. Trying to give sense of belonging to settlements is a relatively new method in managing public urban spaces which aims to transform boring and abandoned spaces to vibrant and high quality places. Lack of smart and coherent thinking for a comprehensive guide in planning and design of urban historic areas is a threat to conserve identity and heritage of a city. Old quarter of Gorgan as one of the most important economic hubs of the city is facing with many challenges. part of these challenges are because of declining in sense of belonging to place in this area. The results of this declining are forming disease visual landscapes, incongruous buildings comparing with historic identity of place, population displacement and presence of immigrant and unfamiliar populations. to assess the sense of belonging, some questions can be regarded: What are the constituent factors of the sense of belonging? And what are the conditions of Gorgan’s old neiborhoods in this sense? The aim of this paper, therefore, is assessing sense of belonging in traditional neighborhoods of Gorgan to compare the results between neighborhoods and find weaknesses and strengths of them in this field. Using library studies, criteria affecting sense of belonging are gathered by the view of urban professionals. Then normes and criteria are weighted by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). In the next step the assessed statements through questionnaires, observation and interviews in the neighborhoods analyzed in TOPSIS method. Between examined norms of sense of belonging to place, most important criteria were vitality, place attachment, satisfaction of place and collective memory in order. The results of rating by TOPSIS model indicate neighborhoods of Sarcheshme (0.681), Naalbandan (0.662), Pasarve (0.625) and Dabaghan (0.553) have got the most final scores, on the other hand, neighborhoods of Baghepalang and ShazdeGhasem, Mirkarim and Chaharshanbeyi have got the least final scores. Sarcheshme is located nearby Naalbandan and Pasarv where the main old Bazzar is located and It is in the center of old Gorgan where are relatively lively. Generally in the three dimensions of sense of belonging, subjective (durability, place attachment and dependency) and functional (Social interactions and vitality) dimensions had the most influences in assessing and rating of neighborhoods.

Public Transportation as one of the most popular transition modes in cities provides numerous benefits for cities and their citizens. Passengers of public transportation have got the chance to take advantage of cheaper, safer and more reliable trips than other modes of public transportation. Bus as one of the public transportation modes not only have got many fans in cities but needs the least amount of capitalisation as well, it is not dependent on any specific routes, and therefore it could be developed or changed easily. Moreover, buses occupy fewer areas of the streets and public spaces in comparison to cars what make them more suitable for cities. Consequently, reducing the use of private cars and boosting the use of public transportation is considered as a significant goal for solving the problems which are related to intra-urban transportation. One of the ways which is emphasised with scholars of transportation to reduce the traffic is enhancing the quality and efficiency of public transportation and buses. In fact, a bus route is efficient when it has the highest demands with the lowest use of resources. The bus system of Mashhad plays a prominent role in transporting people. This system is daily used by about 1.5 million passengers. Among these routes, there are some routes which overlap each other or with the first line of LRT. This overlap may affect routes’ performance and efficiency because they are giving services to the same parts of the city and consequently they may cause the reduction of passengers of other routes what can give rise to the low efficiency of them. The low efficiency of a bus route reduces the economic returns for national or private investors as well as increase the demand for using private cars which not only affect traffic but also make the pollution even worse. Therefore, current research through a comprehensive view aims to study the efficiency and performance of eleven routes of the bus system in Mashhad which are located on the VekilAbad-Qadir axis. Hence, the question which this study is looking for to answer is: How efficient are the bus routes in the VekilAbad-Qadir axis and what factors do affect their efficiency or inefficiency?
To evaluate the efficiency of bus routes, a comprehensive view is considered to encompass the benefit of the system administrator, passenger and community. Therefore it is tried to avoid just considering economic factors. Eleven routes with the most amount of overlapping with each other and LRT which are located in the VekilAbad-Qadir axis are studied here, and their data belongs to 2012, 2013 and the first nine months of 2014. For evaluating the efficiency of so-called routes, two primary methods have been used. First, the efficiency of routes has been evaluated based on a system administrator’s look through envelopment analysis data. This method tends to have the most amount of output in exchange for the least amount of input. Then, the efficiency of routes has been evaluated through a multi-criteria decision-making method. Therefore, at first some criteria and indicators were extracted through literature, then through an Entropy analysis the criteria and indicator were weighted, and in the end, the efficiency and performance of the route were studied through a Topsis analysis.
Findings of DEA analysis indicate that line 10, 38.1 and 94 are considered as the most efficient bus routes. This is while some routes like 71.1 have experienced an increase in their efficiency and some routes like 18.1 have faced with a fall in their efficiency. Therefore changes in performance indicators which are usually made by those who are in authority can be considered as a double-edged sword. Findings of the comprehensive view support previous findings and suggest that a bus route can be efficient in case of economic and comprehensive view as well.
Results indicate that there is a direct relationship between the performance and efficiency of bus routes and the number of passengers who use the bus as a mode of public transportation. It means that inappropriate performance of bus routes can lead to the increase of private cars usage. The relation between the economic efficiency and overall performance can help authorities to improve the performance of bus routes with regarding the agency revenues and acting more sustainable and comprehensive in some projects like developing a new route or merging them

Social capital as a social merit has an important role in mobility and growth of urban places by considering urban di strict and study of existing capacities in order to reinforce and revive of important applications of social capital elements. We can provide a point support for social-base development. In this study we analyses space distribution of social capital in urban districts of sari and evaluate impressive indices in identify of public places of sari. Study method is descriptive action analytical which its data are collected by questionnaire. Statistical population consists of 383 families from 20 districts of Sari. TOPSIS models were used for ranking and valuation of district enjoyment amount (score) Hierarchical – cluster end analysis model with ward algorithm were used for scrutiny of findings. Used models were weigh teal by Shannon entropy and map of urban districts ranking was drawn by ARC GIS software. Results show that there is a difference among sari districts in terms of social capital in dices enjoyment. TOPSIS method show that district 9 has the most and district 11 has the least one located in homophonous clusters that 11 districts are in first, second and third, cluster and 9 districts are in second and third cluster. Also among social capital indices, citizen satisfaction (23.95) has the most and feeling of security index (51/15) has the least amount in urban districts.

Nanotechnology is the origin of technological developments and considers the next industrial revolution, and many countries in attempting to meet their empowerment have the technology. This technology is in early stages of their growth and does detailed predictions about the development process and its dimensions is not possible. Policy development of new technology, especially nano-related science, involves various aspects and dimensions of performance measures are research. Functional source of knowledge production, the environmental effects of their territory. Considering the importance of this issue, assessment of environmental risks in the initial stage of production of knowledge and ideas can produce beneficial effects on preventing the spread of environmental damage and the impact of a promoter of sustainable development is knowledge. The study has tried the effect of each of the environmental risk factors using fuzzy AHP are given. Then, according to the weights obtained for each factor using fuzzy TOPSIS risk levels created in the desired areas are ranked. Considering that the study results do a master's thesis is so way using factors extracted from literature research study are presented in detail. The results showed that nano-particles and nano-fibers, the greatest impact on various areas of risk and Fullerenes are having the least risk to the environment can result. Also according to the results that can be downloaded from the influence of factors causing cancer and in contact with sensitive skin and are the least effect on these factors are genetic. Performed calculations to increase accuracy in fuzzy environment using non-fuzzy computing and fuzzy computing has been done results in the ranking are very close to each other.