جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تبریز » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

A variety of activities are carried out in a house. This range includes the most private behaviors of members to their collective and social activities. The organization of these activities should be such that while facilitating them in different parts of the house, their incompatible interference is also prevented. This concept, known as functional compatibility, is directly related to the issue of functional efficiency. Based on this, the analysis of this relationship is the basis of the current research. Also, investigating the evolution of these concepts in the course of architectural structural changes that have occurred due to the passage of time is another goal of this research. Based on this, by selecting 18 examples of Qajar period houses in Tabriz city, an attempt has been made to investigate this issue. The reason for choosing Tabriz as the geographical area of ​​the research is its strategic position in the exchange with the Western world, and the reason for choosing the Qajar period as the temporal area of ​​the research was the beginning of modern trends in Iranian architecture in this period. The basic theory in this research is the theory of space syntax, and the tools used for analysis are Depthmap software and Syntax plugin in Grasshopper software. After reviewing the literature, effective indicators on the issue of functional compatibility in houses were extracted and suitable syntactic tools were introduced to analyze each one in the form of a theoretical research framework. Then, by analyzing each sample in the relevant software environment, data related to each index was extracted and analyzed. The results of the research showed that the most important change that occurred in the configuration system of houses in Tabriz during the Qajar period is the transformation of the central courtyard pattern in the early and middle of the Qajar to the Kushki pattern at the end of this period. Also, with the change in the configuration system of houses from an introverted model to an extroverted model at the end of the Qajar period, the issue of functional compatibility has changed in relation to some indicators and has not seen much change in relation to others. This issue can also be mentioned in connection with the functional efficiency of these houses. Based on this, it can be concluded that functional efficiency is a relative concept that depending on different conditions, different criteria affect its promotion or decline. Based on this, the research questions can be presented as follows:- How is the issue of functional compatibility in different house patterns in the city of Tabriz during the Qajar period? - What effects did the changes in the spatial configuration system of different house patterns during the Qajar period in this city have on the functional compatibility of their different spaces? - What effect did these changes have on the functional efficiency of these houses? In this article at first the developments in the houses of Tabriz are evaluated, and the factors affecting these changes are also introduced. Then the definition of functional efficiency and related indicators in a residential use is discussed. Finally, in the theoretical framework section of the research, the relationship between the desired indicators of the research in explaining the functional efficiency of the houses and the tools introduced to measure these indicators in the body of the houses are explained according to the characteristics and abilities of each of them. As mentioned earlier, this article aims to evaluate the link between architectural concepts related to functional compatibility and their impact on the functional efficiency of spaces in a house. Since the nature of both issues is related to the discussion of space arrangement and how to configure different spaces in a house, therefore, the most suitable method for their analysis is to use the technique of space syntax. This technique consists of various tools that can be used to analyze different spatial patterns and relationships between their components. In this technique, various tools are used to analyze the spatial configurations, among which the most important are the two software "Depthmap" and "Synthetic Plugin in the Grasshopper software". Depthmap software is used to analyze visual and physical access in the plans, and Grasshopper software is used to extract explanatory diagrams related to the plans and also to analyze the mathematical relationships between their different spaces. The indicators presented in the theoretical framework of the research after the analysis are presented in the form of quantitative data, and from the qualitative analysis of these data, it is possible to understand their relationship with the issue of functional compatibility and functional efficiency. Therefore, in this research, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data. Also, the collection of information has been done by field, documentary and library methods. The independent variable in this research is functional efficiency, the dependent variable is the spatial layout pattern, and the mediating variable is the issue of functional compatibility in the building.

Problem statement: 

Tabriz has received much attention as one of the important cities of Iran in various periods of history, especially in the last few centuries. During the Qajar era, many new achievements of the new world were experienced in this city of Iran for the first time. As a pioneer city in the formation of modernity in Iran, the architecture of Tabriz underwent changes during this period and influenced the traditional architecture of Iran. The main question of the research is how the impact of modernity on the architectural forms of Tabriz houses was manifested and what changes were made in the architecture of this era.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of modernization in Iran on the architecture of the Qajar period in Tabriz.

This research employs a qualitative approach, which seeks to answer the research question by using the interpretive-historical research method for historical issues and the descriptive-analytical research method for architectural issues. Data were collected through library research.

The results of the study indicate that the acquaintance of the people of Tabriz with the manifestations of modernity by traveling to Europe led to the tendency of this city to move toward Westernization and the usage of Western elements in architecture such as pair columns in the facade, Corinthian order columns, two-way stairs at the entrance, the use of semicircular arches, the use of metal railing for stairs, the use of curved lines, and extraversion in some buildings.

Informal settlements, as a prominent manifestation of urban poverty, are typically formed within or adjacent to cities. These settlements often lack building permits and official urban development plans. The primary reason for their formation is the inability of people to secure housing in the formal market, compelling them to seek shelter through informal means. This leads to numerous problems. Consequently, various approaches have been proposed globally, particularly in third-world countries, to address the issue of informal settlements.In contemporary discourse, empowerment is considered the most effective strategy. It aims to enhance the capabilities and improve the living standards of residents while upholding the principles of human dignity and social justice. However, neglecting the environmental qualities and the needs of the residents can cause this strategy to fail. Life unfolds within the context of the environment, and livability addresses the connection between housing and human life, along with its needs, by focusing on the quality of the environment in residential spaces.

Theoretical Framework:

This research encompasses two key concepts and variables: viability and empowerment. Researchers have identified various dimensions of the concept of empowerment. Some scholars emphasize the psychological aspects of empowerment, considering elements such as the feeling of competence, the sense of being effective, and the perception of freedom of action as core components of empowerment. In contrast, the social dimension of empowerment has been prominently featured in the theories of many empowerment thinkers, including Sara Longwe (1991), Stromquist (1999), Naila Kabeer (2012), and Hoyt Oliver (2020). These theorists highlight awareness, interaction, and social participation as crucial elements of empowerment. Their theories stress the importance of awareness and the power of connections, interactions, and social partnerships in empowering individuals.Additionally, the presence of elements such as welfare and access (Longwe), income (Sen, 1999), resources and possessions (Kabeer), and economic ability (Stromquist, 1999) among the components related to empowerment underscores the significance of the economic dimension of empowerment. Therefore, the concept of empowerment encompasses three primary dimensions: economic, social, and psychological.However, the most critical aspect of empowerment is gaining the power to control and master the forces that affect human life. By acquiring certain abilities, individuals can influence the determining factors of their lives. Life is one of the most fundamental aspects of human existence, and attention to it and the quality factors of residential space can enhance the quality of the environment and the satisfaction of residents.Based on previous studies and in line with the research's purpose and its relationship with the dimensions of empowerment, the components of livability are categorized into three dimensions: material (economic, physical, environmental), functional-activity, and perceptual-meaning (cultural and psychological). The relationship between each of the three dimensions of empowerment and the dimensions of viability was examined.

The research method is practical based on its objective. In terms of data collection and analysis, it employs a correlational approach and is founded on the structural equation model. The primary tool for data collection is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study comprises residents from the following neighborhoods: Seilab in the northern zone, Abuzar in the northwestern zone, Zamzam in the southern zone, and Akhmakiyeh in the southwestern zone.To determine the sample size, a simple random sampling method was utilized. Initially, a pre-test was conducted as a pilot among 35 residents of the aforementioned neighborhoods, and the Cronbach's alpha value was calculated to be 0.744. For estimating the sample size, the formula proposed by Tabachnick and Fidell (M8 + 50 ≥ N) was applied, resulting in an estimated sample size of 150 individuals.

The research findings are divided into four parts:Structural Model Analysis:The structural model reveals a positive and significant relationship between the variables of empowerment and viability.Effective Dimensions in Livability:The most influential dimension in livability is the perceptual-semantic dimension. Within this dimension, the components of sense of belonging to the place and security are the most effective criteria for the livability of residential spaces. Following these are the components of the functional-activity and material dimensions.The most impactful dimension for empowering residents is the psychological (cognitive) dimension, where the components of meaningfulness and trust are the most significant criteria for empowerment.Interrelation of Viability and Empowerment Dimensions:Each dimension and criterion of viability affects not just one, but all dimensions of empowerment. However, by comparing their factors, it becomes evident that each dimension and criterion of livability in residential spaces has a more pronounced effect on one or two dimensions of empowerment.Comparative Analysis of Informal Zones in Tabriz City:The degree of fulfillment of the functional-activity dimension components of livability is consistent across all four informal zones of Tabriz city, with a range of 3.33-3.66. This indicates that in all areas, the access to public transportation, employmentservices, educational, health, sports, and leisure facilities, as well as the level of participation and sociability of the residents, are similar and face the same challenges.The differences in the vitality of the zones are attributed to variations in the components of the material and perceptual-semantic dimensions.The northern zone exhibits the lowest level of empowerment, while the southern zone shows the highest level compared to other zones.By refining the analysis and focusing on the specific dimensions and criteria, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how various factors contribute to the livability and empowerment of residents in informal zones. This nuanced approach highlights the importance of addressing both perceptual-semantic and material dimensions to enhance the overall quality of life in these areas.

The research results indicate that any factor enhancing the viability of residential spaces concurrently boosts the empowerment of their residents. The most influential aspect in empowering residents is the perceptual-semantic components of livability. This is because everyone's living environment contains elements that affect their activities, and a person's behavior is influenced not only by their inner needs and motivations but also by their living environment. Ignoring the livability capacities, especially the perceptual-semantic components, in planning and intervention measures will pose serious challenges in improving the quality of life and empowering residents.Thus, in all marginalized areas, strategies should be adopted to realize and strengthen the sense of belonging, security, and attention to the residents' religious beliefs and way of life for their psychological empowerment, which has the most significant impact on their overall empowerment. Among the marginalized areas of Tabriz city, the northern regions exhibit the lowest level of realization of empowerment components due to the lowest level of viability, necessitating special attention.Regarding economic empowerment, the material criteria of livability have the greatest impact. Additionally, the functional-activity measures of livability significantly influence two dimensions of empowerment: economic and social empowerment, respectively. The perceptual-semantic criteria predominantly affect the psychological empowerment of the residents.

The image of a city comprises the beliefs, perceptions, and imaginations that citizens hold about their city. These mental images provide a framework for urban planners to propose better futures for the city. In traditional urban planning approaches, this images were typically studied through interviews and cognitive mapping – time consuming, costly methods limited to small samples of citizens. However, today, social media and other digital technologies have provided new opportunities to study urban mental imagery. This research, seizing this opportunity, aims to explore the potential of social media visual data to study image of the city. To do so, a three-phase content analysis categorized 4,919 Instagram image data from the historical fabric of Tabriz. Kernel density estimation then mapped the data. Results demonstrate that images shared on social media can not only represent the perceived cognitive maps, but also provide more comprehensive analysis compared to classical methods. In addition to the physical dimensions of space, these data have the ability to represent non-physical dimensions such as environmental preferences, identity elements, activities, behaviors, cultural events, and beliefs of the society. They also enable remote measurement of mental images of the city at any scale, with minimal time and cost. Thus, social media-based urban images can be a valuable complement to classical methods of analyzing the mental image of cities. The analytical framework developed from this study can be used to evaluate and develop the classical theory of the mage of the city in the digital age.

Numerous interpretations and standards have been mentioned for appropriate housing and models of its realization. The residents’ role as a factor in determining and stabilizing the quality of housing is indisputable. From this point of view, residents' satisfaction as a factor determining and stabilizing the desirability of housing has been investigated and analyzed from countless dimensions. These patterns change according to the geographical region and culture. Even research designates that people living in the same house do not have the same understanding of satisfaction with the conditions, which may change depending on several indicators. This research aims to redefine the patterns of the desirability of the existing residential environment based on the satisfaction indicators of the residents in Tabriz City. According to the historical background geographical, social, and political situation of this city, the need to pay attention to it is quite perceptible. From this point of view, this article seeks to answer these questions. In this regard, the leading research has proceeded with the hypothesis that in terms of explaining the patterns of desirability in the field of housing in the region, there is an effective relationship with a positive and meaningful influence between the factors affecting satisfaction with a high factor load and the desirability of the residential environment based on the ideals of the residents exists, which can lead to redefining the patterns of the desirability of the residential environment based on the ideals of the satisfaction of the people of Tabriz.

The present research has a practical nature, and the method of conducting it is a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. To attain its findings, the researchers use statistical and quantitative analysis in consort with qualitative, descriptive and analytical techniques. In the first step, the field findings of variables and micro-variables by addressing the residents' opinions and understanding the indicators they consider by combining them through a vocabulary drawn from documentary data and vocabulary in the perceptive container of the residents in the study platform. In the continuation of the valuation of the existing situation of the region and the recognition of the effective variables with high factor load in the field of the components obtained from the first step of the test, descriptive statistics and analysis of the normality of the data were carried out. Based on that and after transforming the data, the construct validity and reliability of the research variables and their resulting indices were investigated using the confirmatory factor analysis test. To model the purpose of the research, the structural equation method was used. To attain the objectives of the study, two software, SPSS'23 and SmartPLS'3.1.1, were used.

A model was obtained for patterns affecting the desirability of physical and functional, social, environmental, and cultural components of the current status in the residential environment of the research context, which is discussed based on the satisfaction indicators from the view of citizens.

Effective physical and functional components average with path coefficient of 0.549, effective environmental components average with path coefficient of 0.323, effective social components average with path coefficient of 0.229, and effective cultural components average with path coefficient of 0.184 respectively have a most powerful positive and significant effects up to average, moderate downward and low effect on the housing desirability in the district.

One of the geographical spaces that has long been a reflection of the ideology of the ruling systems, and one of the most important intellectual, philosophical, artistic, industrial and productive achievements of human civilizations and societies is the phenomenon of the city, which is both relatively durable and the manifestation of beliefs and values. It is the culture of the society and it affects the human behavior and at the same time it expresses the identity of the society in the eyes of the world and history. The city should create a decent environment for humans. It should also respond to the characteristics of the land, nature, history and the moods of its people and have a suitable answer for the instructions and rules of life. At the same time, it is affected by people's beliefs and opinions. There is a special relationship between Islam and urban life, and the promotion of Islam has been manifested by the development and promotion of urban life. The justice-oriented city and society is one of the issues raised in the field of Islamic thought and thought and one of the distinctive features of the Islamic utopia. In today's world, economic and social inequalities can be seen as a pervasive and expanding phenomenon. Considering the negative effects of unfair and unequal distribution of facilities and services in the formation of ecological, economic, social, physical and cultural injustices, paying attention to the basic principles of Islamic justice in each of the above indicators and components can lay the foundation for the development of Provide balanced and fair and equal distribution of facilities and services in all regions. In this regard, one of the most important issues that Islam relies on is the issue of protecting people's rights and property and generally implementing social justice. Investigating social justice from the perspective of the Islamic city in three economic, social and physical dimensions is the aim of the present study, and in this regard, one hundred and sixteen traditional neighborhoods of Tabriz city have been selected as case samples. The present research is a quantitative research. The research data is secondary and primary and was extracted from the shape file of Tabriz city master plan 2016 and Tabriz population statistical block 2016. The library method was used to collect the information of the present study. Shannon's entropy model was used to weight them, TOPSIS model was used to rank localities, and Moran's index was used to check whether or not there were clusters in the availability of localities at the level of regions. The results show that in terms of the realization of social justice among the neighborhoods of Tabriz city, ostandari alley, valiasr, Golshahr neighborhoods got the first ranks and Ghorbani, Sorkhab and Mofeteh neighborhoods got the last ranks and generally the neighborhoods in the east side have a better situation. Spatial autocorrelation of the level of localities at the level of regions indicates that there is no significant clustering at the level of Tabriz metropolis

Achieving spaces with high quality and efficiency to ensure the security and comfort of the human body and mind is one of the most important goals of sustainable architecture. The history of climate design in our country dates back to several thousand years ago. By studying the indigenous buildings in each climate, it is clear that they are designed entirely on the basis of climatic principles and in order to make maximum use of natural energy and deal with annoying cold and heat. The use of mechanical systems in today's architecture, along with providing comfort, has created negative environmental and economic consequences. While looking at the experiences of predecessors in indigenous architecture, the approach of improving the quality of architecture can be seen in creating spaces with the principles of climate design. One of the climatic design strategies for achieving thermal comfort in summer has been the creation of pond spaces in traditional houses with cold climates. In this research, the space of the pool house “howz-khâne” and the role of water in it and it's relation on the thermal comfort of the residents of the pool house, a case study of the pool house of Qadaki house in Tabriz, has been studied Then, based on the maps and the existing situation, the case is modeled. The presence of details in the geometry makes the process of simulation and achieving results difficult, so simplifications and the integrity of the model have been considered. Therefore, in order to accurately estimate the results in this study, the Energy Plus simulation engine was used. The energy model was first created in the Grasshopper user interface, which is a graphical and parametric programming environment in Rhino software. In the modeling process, a simplified volumetric model of the summer residence of Qadaki House was generated using Rhino software's own tools and then converted into an energy model using the Ladybug plugin in the Grasshopper environment. The simulated thermal comfort was determined using temperature and relative humidity during the day, PMV comfort patterns, temperature sensation, PPD dissatisfaction percentage and biological thermal adaptation of individuals in summer for the zoning. Different zonings have been done in two modes of presence and absence of water in the pool house. The results of the simulations indicate that the presence of water has a significant effect on reducing the temperature and increasing the relative humidity, satisfaction and biological adaptation of the inhabitants.

The smartening of cities does not only mean the growth of technology and mechanization, but when it is smart and optimal in all socialcultural, economic, environmental, and governance fields, it is called a smart city . One of the necessities of making cities smarter is using less energy resources and creating maximum efficiency. In recent years, the technology employment has become important to speed up the process of daily work and improve the quality of life; however, it has not been formed in a comprehensive and integrated way. This research aimed to investigate the feasibility of smart city indicators in Tabriz. The feasibility of six basic components of a smart city in social, political, environmental and other fields has been investigated. The current research method is a library and questionnaire. Considering the specialization of intelligence and the requirements of its realization, the extracted questionnaire was completed with the cooperation of professors and experts. The results were analyzed in SPSS software. Based on Cronbach's numbers, Tabriz city has been in a relatively favorable situation in terms of realizing the characteristics of a smart city. But in general, this city cannot be called smart.

Gustavo Giovannoni theory in architecture, urban design and urban conservation is famous for its brilliant effects on the physical quality and increasing the identity of neighborhoods, and guiding the design action to improve the "quality of historical setting". The purpose of this research is to explain the opinion of people and experts about the theory of Gustav Giovannoni. The hypotheses of the research tell about the applicability of the opinions and thoughts of Gustav Giovannoni to respond to the needs of the old and ancient context of the historical city of Tabriz.

The research at the beginning of the work in a descriptive way, the opinions and thoughts of Gustavo Giovannoni in five axes including 1- solidification, 2- re-china or anastylosis, 3- liberation, 4- completion and 5- innovation; It is analyzed and then people and experts are asked about it using a questionnaire. research in terms of type, applied; And it is a combination of descriptive and analytical methods.

The survey of 385 citizens (the number of respondents was selected with Cochran formula) and 37 experts (the number was selected based on snowball) shows significant results.

The results of the research emphasize that the five priorities identified from the opinions and thoughts of Gustav Giovannoni have been approved by both people and experts. It is noteworthy that experts emphasize these priorities more than people to guide the urban restoration process for the future of the old and ancient fabric of the historical city of Tabriz.

The Mozaffaria or Kaboud Mosque of Tabriz can be considered a milestone in the Islamic art of Iran in terms of tilework. At first view، the widespread use of mosaic tiles in this mosque is impressive، but with attention to the surfaces a variety of tiles, including Luster, underglaze blue and white, gilded tile, and glazed bricks can be seen, which are used skillfully and intelligently in the building. Its mosaic tiles are one of the most delicate examples in Iran, and it is the main type of decoration used in interior and exterior decorations. This article،, while investigating the application of different types of tiles in Kaboud Mosque, analyzes the application of these types in simultaneous and previous buildings and tries to address the previous efforts to achieve these techniques and the innovations in Kaboud Mosque. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the tilework types in the Kaboud Mosque based on the developments of tilework in the past and tries to answer the question of what types of tiles and how they have been used in the Kaboud Mosque? Accordingly, data were collected by documentary and field methods, and descriptive, analytical, and historical methods were used in this research. The results show that despite the use of traditional methods of tileworking in Mozafaria Mosque, creative methods have been applied in the design and making of tiles, which have less history in this technique.

According to the forecasts of the World Health Organization, in the future, there will be a growth in the elderly population, which requires planning and policies. The process of changing the age structure of the population will lead to the phenomenon of aging in societies. In this regard, planning for the body and structure of the city without considering the changing demographic structure in the future will definitely fail. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the changes in the age structure of the population of Tabriz city, emphasizing the health services and its forecast until 2051. This research follows a descriptive-correlational approach and is a survey in terms of the method of data collection. The population of the present study is 68821 patients who were presented by Tabriz hospitals. First, the demographic data of the two decades of 2006 to 2016 were used as the basis for population forecasting, and then for analyzing the data, the dynamic systems-based approach was used to assess the need for medical services up to 1430 with a systemic view. The results of the research showed that by 2051, a total of 4948 hospital beds and 2418 nurses should be added to bring Tabriz to a normal state compared to the current conditions of the city. Predictions show that the problem of the aging population will undoubtedly affect the health care system of Tabriz city, and to provide medical services for the elderly population in the next 30 years, medical facilities must be increased significantly, and this requires comprehensive planning.

Maulana Vali Allah has been a mastermind who has probably followed him more than any other artist, for his delicate engravings and his ability to convey meaningful meanings in his paintings. In many paintings attributed to Behzad, due to the historical and technical connection in paint- ing, due to the position and rank of Behzad, some paintings are attributed to him, regardless of his artistic style and structure. It is one of the important visual elements and completely defines the style of the painter, and the way it is designed and drawn is influenced by the basics of Irani- an aesthetics and follows certain patterns. The method of work in creating space, figures and decorations in the works of Kamaluddin Behzad is of special importance. Therefore, the basis of this research is to investigate the method of drawing ornaments and its accessories in the works of Kamaluddin Behzad with the aim of recognizing the main patterns of ornaments in schools of Herat (Greater Khorasan) and its effects in Tabriz Il school and to study and recognize decorative patterns in figures and accessories in Behzad's works. This research has been done by descrip- tive, analytical, historical and analytical methods and the method of collecting library informa- tion has been done using Corel software and the results show the decorations of figures and re- lated objects in several categories of hats (turbans), clothes, shields, swords, shoes, etc. in each period. It can be specific signs for recognizing the works. By examining the pictorial and decora- tive patterns and presenting analytical documents in the presented tables, he realized that the camel and camel guard located in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul can be a work of Mau- lana Vali... which is one of the works. It is attributed to Behzad. It does not use the style used in Behzad's works and does not have the obvious characteristics of Kamal al-Din Behzad's works. Evidence shows that this painting bears no resemblance to Behzad's works. By examining the pictorial and decorative patterns, we can get a better understanding of Kamaluddin Behzad's paintings.

Residence is in the field of typology. Man needs an architecture that reveals his position on the world in order to achieve an existential foothold that fits with things, others and himself. This includes both the direct understanding of what is general and the knowledge of what is detailed. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of the physical elements of the yard in order to increase the satisfaction of the residents in eco-oriented housing, which was carried out in the city of Tabriz. The real method is a survey and one of the data collection tools includes library and documentary studies. The face validity of the questionnaire and its reliability have been confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. The questionnaire is in the form of a Likert scale. In order to analyze the data through SPSS software and descriptive statistics, the level of satisfaction has been used. The results of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between the ten criteria such as the percentage of green space in the yard, children's play area, water pond, the direction of the yard, etc. And the indicators related to it have the highest level of satisfaction and importance of the residents. It is suggested that these criteria, which are effective in increasing the satisfaction of the residents of the housing, should also be used in the design of the courtyards of new houses.

Semiotics is an objective manifestation of an absent concept or phenomenon in order to communicate with the audience, and from the point where architecture is basically not to communicate, but to implement a function; It is considered a special and challenging case for semiotics. Considering that the dominant trend in Pahlavi period architecture was the Iranian form of modern architecture, which was named as pseudo-modernist architecture; Considering that the buildings of this period were the physical manifestation of the characteristics, characteristics or preferences of the Iranian society at that time, they can be used as physical documents and evidences in examining the cultural, social, economic and religious characteristics of a huge part of the society of that period. have been investigated and represent the body of the society. One of the manifestations of these developments, the change and how the architecture of government buildings in Tabriz city conveys modern and modern concepts through the semiotics of form and meaning, forms the main question of this research. And what components have the physical elements of architecture (the architecture of government and government buildings in Tabriz) become a means of communicating meaning? To interpret these concepts, the science of semiotics, by receiving the aesthetic, social and cultural codes of each design, interprets and reveals the hidden concepts in those inner and hidden layers of the design. The purpose of this research is to provide a semiotic reading of the governmental and governmental spaces of the Pahlavi period in the city of Tabriz with an analytical-descriptive method in the light of Peirce's and De Saussure's ideas, which have become communication signs in cities over time. and carry messages in their architectural and meta-architectural layers.This article with the main purpose is to present a semiotic reading of the governmental and governmental spaces of the Pahlavi period of Tabriz based on the ideas of Peirce and de Saussure, which over time have become a sign of communication in the spaces of the city; And to find the answer to this main question, what are the physical elements of architecture (the architecture of Tabriz government buildings) with which components have become the means of communicating meaning? Analyzed the architectural features of Pahlavi era government buildings in Tabriz. Because architecture as a part of culture is a sign system and on the other hand as a tool for communication. In this regard, the semiotic views of Ferdinand de Saussure and Peirce have been used to establish this connection. The results of this research, while revealing different layers of meaning, indicate that the factors affecting communication include cultural and social context, symbolic function, architectural codes and explicit use, communication tools, and meta-architectural codes. It is received from architectural layers (structure, spatial communication, combination of volumes, architectural composition, physical messages). From the meta-architectural layers (cultural, social, economic), meta-architectural messages (objectivity of the project, place of the project, time of the project) are deduced. In this research, an attempt has been made to obtain more comprehensive and accurate results by limiting the research to the governmental and governmental spheres at a specific point in time.

Cultural sustainability is based on improving the quality of life, preserving and transmitting lasting values. Cultural sustainability requires the identification of the cultural values of a nation and the impact and influence of global cultures; so that in addition to protecting its cultural identity, Coordinate with the conditions and needs of the time and improve the quality of life. Today''s housing has lost its cultural identity with the emergence of global cultures and ignoring local values, and by ignoring the concept of cultural sustainability, it has lacked the required quality of new housing. This research has tried to obtain a picture of the quality of residential complexes in Tabriz and to promote the cultural sustainability of residential spaces by considering the needs of the current generation in its cultural context.The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and its strategy is descriptive-analytical in the theoretical part and case study in the field part. In the theoretical part, after reaching the dimensions of cultural sustainability including cultural identity and cultural development, the indicators of cultural sustainability in architecture were explained with the influence of development components - exchange, evolution and change- on cultural values in architecture. In the field section, the evaluation of Aseman and Sattarkhan residential complexes was done in three residential scales, including the environment, building and residential unit, by observation and questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed with Chi-Square and Fisher''s Exact tests. The analysis of the findings was done by comparing the average of the data by applying the coefficient, and their interpretation was done by the Prescott-Ellen method.The results of the comparison of the components of cultural sustainability between the two residential complexes show that the Aseman complex has an equal or higher score than the Sattar Khan complex in all components, except for the component of exchanging respect for the people. In the dimension of cultural development, the exchange of cultural values in residential complexes has been considered more than their evolution or change. In the dimension of cultural identity, the components of security and comfort, justice and equality, purity and honesty and unity and order have good sustainability and other components have moderate sustainability, which was suggested solutions to improve the sustainability of these components in residential complexes.

The concept of place has been contrasted with abstract concepts. In this context, intangible heritage and customs are essential aspects of architectural buildings. When designing spaces, it is important to consider the cultural and religious backgrounds of society, as well as the knowledge of the place and the sense of place. The sense of place creates a connection between the habitat and its surroundings, making it a safe point from which social processes can be accepted within a space. The nature of a space accepts social processes in its heart, and the ambiguities of social processes manifest in the appearance of urban spaces.Paying attention to the architectural design of spaces has become more important than just focusing on the ruling social dimensions. Modern business centers are created with the aim of meeting physical needs and providing services on a certain scale. However, designers and managers of these centers should not ignore the psychological dimension of their users. In metropolitan cities, the trend of business-entertainment complexes with beautiful and modern architecture is growing. The Laleh Park commercial center in Tabriz has played an important role in urban development and become a symbol of the city's modernity and progress. It was chosen as a research case to investigate its potential in creating a sense of place from the perspective of its main users.The Laleh Park commercial center boasts a wide range of businesses, from trendy cafes and restaurants to high-end fashion boutiques and electronics stores. Despite its success, the center faces some challenges, including traffic congestion due to an increase in cars and pedestrians in the area. Additionally, some critics argue that the center's focus on consumerism and materialism detracts from the city's cultural heritage and identity. Nevertheless, the Laleh Park commercial center remains an important landmark in Tabriz and a testament to the city's growth and development.During field observations and interviews, 40 people were selected as the statistical population for a focus group. They answered a questionnaire containing 20 questions related to research variables based on a Likert scale. The validity of the variable measurement tool was established through face and content validity, using the experts' point of view. To determine the validity of the prepared tool, the collaboration of 5 university professors was sought. They were asked to comment on the research objectives, evaluate the prepared tool in terms of form and content, and provide corrective comments.The current research strategy is practical, with a mixed method of qualitative-quantitative description based on the method of library studies and phenomenological analysis in the field section. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha formula, with a reliability score of 0.78. The information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS software.According to the research findings, the success of the Laleh Park complex in terms of functionality and modern lifestyle increases people's tendency to attend the place for various activities and recommend it to others, leading to the promotion of social participation in the complex. In this research, the functional spatial components affecting the absorption and continuity of dynamics are referred to as "found", while the semantic components are labeled as "hidden".