جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توسعه محله ای » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Cities have found a special status in sustainability practices, to the extent that urban sustainability has become one of the main issues in today's world. Meanwhile, from the social viewpoint, the concept of sustainability is always considered as a neglected field, and as a result, urban researchers are less concerned with its relation to planning issues (such as urban form). Meanwhile, studies show that the main roots of social crises lie in the neighborhoods of large cities and their situation. Whereas, social sustainability has become a significant objective of urban planning practice, and has a presence in the various stages of the development process of urban neighborhoods. This research aims to develop a method for measuring social sustainability in relation to urban form as one of the main tools of urban planning intervention. First, typology of the neighborhood form and measurement methods of social sustainability in relation to each form has been derived from theoretical literature. Based on studies conducted in the first stage, the urban form of the neighborhood is divided into four types: shifting planned, shifting organic, stable planned, and stable organic forms. According to the characteristics of each of the four types of urban form, a series of neighborhoods in Tehran city was selected as a case study and then a questionnaire was distributed among its inhabitants to measure social sustainability, i.e. Shahrak Gharb neighborhood has been selected as a stable planned form, Narmak neighborhood as a shifting planned form, Imamzadeh Yahya as a stable organic form, and Chizar as a shifting organic form. Moreover, in order to measure social sustainability, the concept is divided into two dimensions of "social justice/social inclusion" and "social capital/social cohesion", and it was calculated using the following ten main indicators: place attachment, social mix/cultural unity, social interactions, security/trust, demographic stability/change, basic needs (housing, water, sewage, education and viability), wage distribution, access to local opportunities and facilities, health and safety, and decision making/participation. Using Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), it has been determined that the level of social sustainability of the shifting planned neighborhood is the highest one among those case studies. It should be noted that Pearson correlation test was performed to measure the dimensional reliability of factors, which consists of less than three indicators, and its correlation with the value of 0.5 can be considered as "strong". The characteristics of the urban form of each neighborhood in four factors of density, land use, type of urban block and open spaces network, have been investigated using analytical tools such as Space syntax and ArcGIS. Finally, it has been analyzed how each of urban form factors affected these differences. According to the analyses, it can be said that in the planned neighborhoods, if the initial density and compactness will be low, the amount of change can increase the density over time to a level that ensures social sustainability. Of course, each factor of urban form has a threshold limit. That is, passing from a certain limit can reverse the relationship to social sustainability and be a disturbance factor for it.

The Meta-Neighborhood Land use congestion, especially in urban and suburban scale can be disturbed by a different function the Neighborhood functions and neighborhood development. The present paper examined this issue with the sustainable urban development approach District 12 Metropolitan Tehran. Research methodology based on descriptive-analytical approach, required data is collected in the library and field and the analysis has been conducted with the help of multivariate regression test (the effectiveness of research variables). The statistical population of the study is the population of District 12 Metropolitan Tehran. It was determined that the sample size with the Cochran formula was 384. The research findings indicate that 30% of the total land use used for residential land use and 70% for non-residential land use Supra-regional -District land use that which are non-residential nature, account for 36/95 percent of the total of the region. As well as, the findings of the research show that there was the urban and suburban land use congestion there was a direct and significant direct effect on the land use density on the neighborhood function. Therefore, one of the most important strategies in the sustainable development of neighborhoods is a balance in the allocation of land uses with "Neighborhood Functionality" and "Urban and suburban Functions"

Community is one of the most important and fundamental aspects in physical divisions in cities which is considered the oldest heritage of urbanization. It has played important role in spatial and physical structure of the city in the past, but today the structure and functions of communities of the city has mostly changed, community networks and physical and social spaces have been destroyed causing many problems for cities including destruction of social relationships, migration of native inhabitants in historical communities, the decrease of people’s community participation, increase of crimes, physical and infrastructural problems, and insecurity. These problems are only a small part of problems related to lack of attention to community development in urban studies systems. Development of city programming in its evolution and using development of city programming in community development format and programmers’ attention to social problems instead of considering common approaches which emphasize physical problems have caused greater attention being paid to urban communities and local societies compared to the past. In this way, considering urban communities as one of the principal units of urban programming and studying its capacities was the fundamental and important priority in many countries to recognize and count abilities of local societies. Furthermore, community can be considered one of the most important arms of urban growth. Therefore, a deeper understanding of community development system and bridging the existing gap can lead to better understanding by planners in making the right decisions. On the other hand, social trust is a critical issue for human societies with fundamental links to community development. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between social trust with community development in the Fahadan community of Yazd. Because of physical, cultural and social values and identity in communities in general and in historical communities specifically programming can be very important. The methodology of this research in terms of aim is applicable- developmental and in terms of the nature and method is descriptive – analytical. The used tool was a questionnaire that was analyzed in SPSS and Amos softwares. The results show that there is a direct and significant relationship between social trust and community development. Moreover, Standardized Beta coefficient in institutional trust variables by a factor of (307/0 = β), interpersonal trust by a factor of (185/0 = β), generalized trust by a factor of (158/0 = β) and self-confidence environment with beta coefficient (103/0 = β) have the largest share in explaining community development. Structural equation modeling results show that by increasing social trust, community development components should also increase. Finally, according to research components some recommendations were presented and the obtained results of the studies were compared with existing studies. It was found that the findings was propounded by Ziari et al and similar to Madani’s research.

At community-based development planning، vision of planning and management from below to up and based on empowerment and approach of asset – based with emphasis on human source، social capital and social participation of habitants of sections. On this direction، researcher considered Robert Putnam approach to social asset and measured it in selected sections in Tehran (five community: Gisha، Yaft abad، Saheb zaman، Farhangian، Sadeghiye) and amount tendency to community-based development on basis Review literature had quantitative. The axis of this research is survey social capital and tendency to community based development planning and direct and strong correlation between these variations had confirmed. On basis of results this research، when social capital of one community rises، tendency to community based development rises. On basis presented model of this research، social capital is good predictor for explanation tendency of people to community-based development planning. With consider to this results، could been resulted: If community based development planning policy as essential strategy in direction sustainable development of city and restructure joy to city society، had been emphasized by authorities of city، If authorities will consider to community-based development planning (on new standard city development)، in first Authorities must consider to social capital and influence factors on forming it in city and section and with good fundamental، provided backgrounds for improvement it.

Since the city growth has increased widely, human relationship have broadened to a great extent and identity is added to every human neighborhoods to organize human relations based on urban settlements, defining urban neighborhood is quite essential in organizing new cities. Recently, the neighborhood and its social environment, especially in social relations, have provided an appropriate basis for better urban renewal planning. Therefore, the current subject of urban neighborhoods has become a serious matter in urban contexts theoretically and scientifically as well. In this paper the “community” is referred to as a small unit in a city. The term community had been eliminated from the field of information society from 1960 to recent decades. Since then, this term had only been used in sciences that are related to social politics. There has emerged a growing interest among urban researchers in regenerating this concept and this realizable reality. A neighborhood is a social unit within the city where people of the same characteristics have come together. Economic position such as the type of job, general social conditions such as the level of benefiting from welfare services and the cultural and racial differences are among different features that makes every neighborhood distinctive from the other. In addition, the neighborhood residents can develop common goals due to the fact that they have common beliefs and cultures and live in the same environment. Urban neighborhoods are different in social organization, functions and resident actions. The latest urban designs and planning control that have transformed the natural mechanism of life indirectly are among the factors that have changed the structure of urban neighborhoods. The above changes had extensive effects on the formation of new perceptions, feelings and behavior in residents. According to urban planning and development process, city formation on the basis of new geographical planning or intervening spatial organization will lead to Physical restructuring of the modern cities in forms of separate and unrelated sectors in the city, while traditional neighborhoods have resulted from natural selection and the natural growth of inhabitants and households. Generally, urban neighborhoods are considered a fundamental matter in the past and present urban planning system in many metropolises of the world including our country. Studying the advent and development process of urban neighborhoods, one can conclude that the neighborhood selection in many large cities of the world is in relation with the available social and economic functions in these cities. This paper is a social critic of spatial and social structure of the cities and also discusses the reasons and how to develop new conceptual and analytical new neighborhoods.