جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « راندمان عملکردی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

A variety of activities are carried out in a house. This range includes the most private behaviors of members to their collective and social activities. The organization of these activities should be such that while facilitating them in different parts of the house, their incompatible interference is also prevented. This concept, known as functional compatibility, is directly related to the issue of functional efficiency. Based on this, the analysis of this relationship is the basis of the current research. Also, investigating the evolution of these concepts in the course of architectural structural changes that have occurred due to the passage of time is another goal of this research. Based on this, by selecting 18 examples of Qajar period houses in Tabriz city, an attempt has been made to investigate this issue. The reason for choosing Tabriz as the geographical area of ​​the research is its strategic position in the exchange with the Western world, and the reason for choosing the Qajar period as the temporal area of ​​the research was the beginning of modern trends in Iranian architecture in this period. The basic theory in this research is the theory of space syntax, and the tools used for analysis are Depthmap software and Syntax plugin in Grasshopper software. After reviewing the literature, effective indicators on the issue of functional compatibility in houses were extracted and suitable syntactic tools were introduced to analyze each one in the form of a theoretical research framework. Then, by analyzing each sample in the relevant software environment, data related to each index was extracted and analyzed. The results of the research showed that the most important change that occurred in the configuration system of houses in Tabriz during the Qajar period is the transformation of the central courtyard pattern in the early and middle of the Qajar to the Kushki pattern at the end of this period. Also, with the change in the configuration system of houses from an introverted model to an extroverted model at the end of the Qajar period, the issue of functional compatibility has changed in relation to some indicators and has not seen much change in relation to others. This issue can also be mentioned in connection with the functional efficiency of these houses. Based on this, it can be concluded that functional efficiency is a relative concept that depending on different conditions, different criteria affect its promotion or decline. Based on this, the research questions can be presented as follows:- How is the issue of functional compatibility in different house patterns in the city of Tabriz during the Qajar period? - What effects did the changes in the spatial configuration system of different house patterns during the Qajar period in this city have on the functional compatibility of their different spaces? - What effect did these changes have on the functional efficiency of these houses? In this article at first the developments in the houses of Tabriz are evaluated, and the factors affecting these changes are also introduced. Then the definition of functional efficiency and related indicators in a residential use is discussed. Finally, in the theoretical framework section of the research, the relationship between the desired indicators of the research in explaining the functional efficiency of the houses and the tools introduced to measure these indicators in the body of the houses are explained according to the characteristics and abilities of each of them. As mentioned earlier, this article aims to evaluate the link between architectural concepts related to functional compatibility and their impact on the functional efficiency of spaces in a house. Since the nature of both issues is related to the discussion of space arrangement and how to configure different spaces in a house, therefore, the most suitable method for their analysis is to use the technique of space syntax. This technique consists of various tools that can be used to analyze different spatial patterns and relationships between their components. In this technique, various tools are used to analyze the spatial configurations, among which the most important are the two software "Depthmap" and "Synthetic Plugin in the Grasshopper software". Depthmap software is used to analyze visual and physical access in the plans, and Grasshopper software is used to extract explanatory diagrams related to the plans and also to analyze the mathematical relationships between their different spaces. The indicators presented in the theoretical framework of the research after the analysis are presented in the form of quantitative data, and from the qualitative analysis of these data, it is possible to understand their relationship with the issue of functional compatibility and functional efficiency. Therefore, in this research, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the data. Also, the collection of information has been done by field, documentary and library methods. The independent variable in this research is functional efficiency, the dependent variable is the spatial layout pattern, and the mediating variable is the issue of functional compatibility in the building.

Tom in Turkmen language means wooden houses that are built in Bandar Turkmen and Gamishan region. The element of the porch and the hall in the spatial organization of the houses of this climate has the role of a communication node and as a semi-open space, it is a bridge between the public space (courtyard) and the private space (rooms). The aim of this research is to analyze the ecological role of the hall in Turkmen Tom (house) architecture with the method of space syntax in Bandar Turkmen. In this research, the selection of samples and the collection of physical and environmental information were carried out in the field, and in the following, the samples of the Formica patterns in the native houses of Bandar Turkmen were analyzed. First, the indicators related to the functional efficiency of the space are extracted and introduced, and then using the technique of space syntax and software "E. Graph" has been investigated. The results of the research indicate that the porch and the terrace in the architecture of the rural houses of Bandar Turkmen region increase the degree of connection and better connection between the yard space and other internal spaces, which in general leads to the improvement of the function between the spaces.

Semi-open spaces have played the role of in-between spaces for closed and open spaces, which have connected inside and outside, and increased the functional quality of these spaces next to each other. The role of semi-open spaces in the transformation trend of traditional to modern houses has unfortunately been neglected to lose their importance for the functional efficiency of housing. Hence, this study aims to investigate the functional efficiency of semi-open spaces in this historical trend based on the space syntax indicators for these spaces. Isfahan City was selected as a case study due to its historical background in housing scope. This study asks how the components of functional efficiency and space syntax indicators of semi-open spaces have changed in Isfahan's houses during different periods. To examine the role of porches and terraces in the houses, 25 traditional houses constructed in Safavid, Qajar, and Pahlavi eras, and 30 houses constructed over the last 30 years in Isfahan were chosen based on the diversity of semi-open spaces in terms of accessibility, area, connections, and form. Finally, duplicate samples were removed then 9 traditional and 14 modern houses were selected. The results indicated that choice, Isovist area, entropy, and connectivity were increased in semi-open spaces of the Safavid-Qajar eras during an evolutionary trend, which led to higher functional efficiency of houses, and the number of descending indicators were increased from Qajar to Pahlavi period. Moreover, only choice and entropy were increased during Pahlavi Period due to the distributive role of porches and the simplicity of spatial organization, respectively. From Pahlavi to the modern period, the smaller size of semi-open spaces, fewer accessibilities, lack of desired organization of spaces, and construction in floors led to a reduction in connectivity, integration, and Isovist area, and even increased control reduced the quality of private modern terraces, which all of the mentioned factors have led to the lower functional performance of houses in modern time.

The concept of functional efficiency of space in the architecture of residential houses means minimizing the influence of unrelated activities on each other and also the spatial organization of related activities; so that their proper productivity depends on optimal service to each other. Accordingly, this study seeks to investigate the degree of functional efficiency in the architecture of houses in the first Pahlavi period of Iran based on the syntactic indicators of space in fuzzy logic and the city of Shiraz has been selected as a case study. Since in this research, the independent variables are qualitative and syntactic indicators of space in fuzzy logic and the dependent variable is the functional efficiency; the research strategy is a combination of survey types. Therefore, the set of information extracted from the syntactic method or spatial arrangement as a score obtained from syntactic relations and information extracted from qualitative concepts derived from historical and library sources and documents and their appearance in syntactic indicators are evaluated. Then, using MATLAB software and the sum of the obtained numbers for each house in a syntactic-content approach, the concept of functional efficiency of spatial configuration can be analyzed and measured. The results show that Afsharian house (type A. courtyard + four-sided), Sedaghati house (type B. yard + three-sided), Mustaghni house (type C. yard + double-sided L-shaped), Razmjoo house (type D. courtyard + bilateral reciprocal) and Zakeri house (type E. courtyard + one-sided), respectively, have higher functional efficiency and, consequently, in the "space circulation" system introduced with "accessibility", has greater accessibility and more flexibility; in the "space zoning" system introduced with "permeability" has a lower relative depth average and higher permeability; and in the "functional space" system introduced with "flexibility" have more interconnection and less relative rank, more integration and less separation.

Place attachment is the intersection of physical elements, activities, and mental concepts concerning place, formed from the environmental characteristics and individualschr('39') mental patterns and evaluation. Based on the available resources, it seems that improving the functional efficiency of residential open spaces can help to improve the level of peoplechr('39')s attachment.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of nature and method, and documentary in terms of the data collection method. A 30-question questionnaire was designed and, after the pilot study, distributed among 393 residents of Shiraz district six residential complexes. The results were analyzed by SPSS24 software. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and validity and reliability test of the proposed structure with coefficients presented at specified intervals show that the research instrument has acceptable reliability.

The results show that there is a relationship between open space functional efficiency and place attachment, that activity and communication are the most critical factors affecting place attachment; Comfort is in the Second level, and the context and perception of the environment are in the next ranks. Regarding the direct relationship between the attachment variable and the components of residential outdoor functional efficiency, the effect of each component was evaluated by regression test. The result shows that all independent research variables have direct and indirect simultaneous effects on the dependent variable. The results show that perception and readability of environment, directly affected by 0.271, and an indirect effect of 0.258, will lead to the attachment of residents in residential complexes. The proximity of the direct and indirect effect of this component indicates the importance of this factor. Because both alone and in combination with other variables and facilitating their performance, it plays a significant role in enhancing the outdoor efficiency of the residential complex and, consequently, increasing residentschr('39') spatial attachment. Activity and communication can make people more connected to the outdoor complex of the residential complex and lead to emotional communication with the environment and lead to the attachment of residents. Also, context and layout is another factor that directly affects 0.326 and an indirect effect of 0.059 on attachment. Environmental well-being has a direct impact of 0.164 and an indirect impact factor of 0.075, which is less effective than other factors.

The present study results show that the functional efficiency of open spaces of residential complexes affects the degree of residentschr('39') attachment to the place. Structuring shows that the perception and readability of the environment is the most critical predictor factor in improving performance efficiency and, consequently, increasing the level of residentschr('39') attachment to the place. Users have reported the activities and communication of people with each other and in interaction with the open space, layout, and context, and environmental welfare and comfort as other practical components in this field.

The function of a space in a building greatly depends on the position of that space in its general configuration system and its desirable performance occurs when the space in relation to other parts of the building can meet the expectations of its users. This topic is known in the literature for functional efficiency. For this purpose, the present study by selecting 18 homes of the Qajar period in Tabriz has analyzed the functional efficiency changes of these houses in line with their structural-spatial transformations. The quality of access in this study, known as the independent variable, was measured in terms of four indicators of permeability, flexibility, spatial integration, and relation between components, and the impact of each of these indicators on the functional efficiency of the houses was analyzed. The results of the research indicated that high-quality accessibility indexes were found in homes built in the early and mid-Qajar period, However, at the end of the Qajar period, these indicators declined, the most important factor in this regard is chaning the architectural system from introverted to extroverted and changing the function of the courtyard from a server space to a mere passageway space.

The architecture of the temperate and humid climate of Iran has features that evolved uniquely over many years and under the influence of environmental factors. These features led to using the particular patterns in the architecture and housing architecture in particular. The rural houses of the north of Iran were uniquely created under the influence of environmental factors such as geography, climate, economy, culture, and social conditions. The architecture of this region is a response to the behavioral and climatic needs of the local people by relying on the regional and natural facilities. The case study was the rural houses of West Gilan that were studied in four geographical classifications of coastal plain, plain, foothill, and mountain. The research method was the analytical-descriptive method. The results were presented using the statistical data analysis extracted from the software. Therefore, the samples were selected non-random sampling method, considering the purposive method and consideration. The components of the functional efficiency in the structure of the rural houses were studied using the Space Syntax method and Igraph software. The results indicate that the pattern of rural housing of Gilan has a single layer structure and enjoys a shallow depth. The maximum connection between the house and the outdoor is through the porch. Also, access to other spaces is through the porch and then telaar. The porch is the shallowest and the most connected space element that is responsible for connecting the outdoor spaces and the other spaces, and telaar is the second element. The porch and telaar increase the connectivity degree and better connection between the yard space and other internal spaces, resulting in improving the function between the spaces generally.

Culture is a set of values that exists in a community or a nation and reflects the approach, think, believe, behaviors, and lifestyle of people. The notion of public culture refers to the common values that are common in society. These values are in the domain of thinking, belief, views, and structural aspects, as well as practical aspects such as the behavior and lifestyle of human beings, and are characterized by being collective and transformative. The views of some theoreticians in the field of housing and culture, especially traditional and rural housing, reflect the significant impact of culture on the physical aspects of space and current behavior patterns. On the one hand, Rapoport believes that from a far past, home for man has been more than shelter, and spiritual and religious aspects are fully evident throughout the construction process of the houses until it is established and used.On the other hand, the influence of cultural factors along with factors such as climate, building techniques, indigenous materials and etc., on the formation of the physical-spatial structure of the house is undeniable, and in some of its traditional types, the arrangement of various organs it significantly affects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cultural values on the formation of behavioral patterns in the home environment . Behavioral patterns are also dependent on the function and form of the house, which its proper shape has led to enhance the performance of the space function.The process of this research is defined in four stages. In the first stage, several cultural indicators were extracted as a sample of related literature and the behavioral dimensions associated with them were explained in the home environment. In the next step, the components of functional performance were investigated. These components were extracted through "space syntax" indicators and the collected data was evaluated and analyzed by "Depthmap" software used in the space layout method. The third stage consists of extracting the theoretical framework of research in which the relationship between elements of architecture affecting the functional efficiency and cultural values prevailing on the way of life is explained and, finally, in the fourth stage in order to demonstrate the hypothesis that the impact of the cultural values governing the lives of people on enhancing the performance of space in the home, the above are tested in two examples of rural - traditional homes. The results showed that the existence of cultural and spiritual values, in addition to the impacts on behavioral patterns and the arrangement of spaces in the internal environment, is also effective on improving the optimum functional performance of space in traditional homes and specifically rural settlements. Therefore, the goal of this study is to answer this question, “How can one affect the use of cultural values of inhabitants in the architecture of houses on formation of some behavioral and structural-physical forms in homes?”, In other words, can these behaviors lead to proper functioning of homes by adjusting the relationships of individuals in space?

Amongst the spaces in which human beings attend, the house is the place where one affects and is affected by it on a daily basis. Each of the various spaces of the house possesses unique characteristics and various factors such as climate, culture, society, and others contribute in the formation of them. The establishment of these spaces at the side of one another gives rise to different spatial systems that lead to the formation of various types in this kind of architecture and influences the shape of the various patterns of using them in addition to bringing about shape differences. The present study aims at investigating and comparing the functional efficiency of the houses in three house patterns with large, small and micro modules using space-related mathematical relations. To do so, nine traditional houses have been selected for the aforementioned three spatial systems in the cities of Kashan, Isfahan, and Yazd as the case studies. The study method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the type of the inference applied herein is deductive of the comparative type. The initial data were extracted through drawing graphs related to the plans of each of the studied houses; then, these data were inserted into the mathematical relations of spatial syntax. This way, based on the indices “spatial value”, “mean depth of the space” and “relative integration”, the functional efficiency of each of the aforementioned patterns was extracted. The results signified that the houses with a large module have the highest spatial value, highest depth amount and highest relative integration rate that altogether eventually result in the increase in the functional efficiency of such a pattern of the house in contrast to the small- and micro-module house patterns. Moreover, the investigation of the spatial difference in the nine studied patterns indicated the existence of similarities in the configuration and spatial organization of the houses in Kashan and Isfahan and their differences from the houses in Yazd in this regard.

Iranian traditional houses are an example of native housing that has different key characteristics and functionalities. Mass and space in these homes have been shaped for a variety of reasons, including climate, cultural relations, social features, and so on. Other factors also contributed to the formation of different species of this indigenous housing, because the structural and spatial formation of this type of housing in addition to the climate can be affected by functional characteristics, and this can have a significant effect on the functional and functional quality of this have homes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the performance and the role of the courtyard in traditional homes and examine them in these houses. In this regard, optimal space efficiency, spatial integrity, motor circulation, permeability and spatial flexibility in homes are defined. In order to determine the effect of the number of the yard on this spatial desirability, first Yazd case samples were selected based on the number of yards (1 domain, two domains, and several domains). The tool used to analyze homes is the space syntax, which uses spatial graphs to analyze the spatial relationships of the house. The results show that houses with a central courtyard that forms mass and space around it has more permeability (less relative depths than two domains and several domains) and also flexibility And has a higher spatial connection than other examples. Also, due to the more appropriate access and the more effective communication of these spaces in a dwelling house, these houses have a greater spatial utility than other samples.

The role of yard in the Iran architecture Undeniable and sometimes are architectural design requirements, due to geographical and climatic conditions. Yard, what on public land (mosque school, caravanserai, etc…) and non-public (such as houses) is often not removed from the body design. In modern mosques, according to the density of buildings and land issues in many cases, the courtyard of the mosque has been removed or the configuration of the body, where it is considered to be variable. While its role in changing the functional efficiency overlooked. The aim of this study is that there are different roles create or increase it is the guarantor yard and based on the creation or improvement of functional efficiency based. Proof of this process the role of the mosque yard using two methods of drawing graphs and its data for as space syntax mathematical well as software is Depth map. to prove the functional efficiency definition of space efficiency provided and then based on this definition, operational efficiency and introduced six indicators will be described indicators link and integration by mathematical justification and proof as space syntax, the selection criteria will be shown with passenger as well as indicators of depth, axial space and convex space with the use of Depth map software and to be analysis outcomes that prove and to prove the yard in changes in the functional efficiency of the courtyard of the mosque will be discussed. the results show the central courtyard design with rectangular geometry is the highest level of functional efficiency compared to other models. according to this research questions in the following cases studied: whether or not there is a courtyard in the configuration mosques is necessary? Proper positioning of the yard in order to improve efficiency and performance like ? What is the most suitable geometry for the yard? .1-The hypothesis of the study is available as follows: The layout of the yard in the spatial structure of the mosque have been set in the geometric center and as well as the appropriate geometrical.2- To enhance the functional efficiency of the mosque, the location of the yard should be considered that is most relevant to indoor space.3- Yard geometry must be such that the axial space proper in there and convex space is minimized. In order to prove this hypothesis (1), first hypothesis (2) and (3) studied considering and the results of these two hypotheses (1) can be achieved. hypothesis (1) will pay the importance of the yard or the lack of it In promoting functional efficiency of mosques hypothesis (2) will pay to the proper location on the courtyard the spatial structure in order to enhance functional efficiency mosques the spatial structure in order to enhance functional efficiency mosques In order to investigate the role of location in improving efficiency should yield yard index "integration", "link", "choice" and "depth" are used. also check on the functional efficiency of the geometry of the mosque courtyard, Index "convex space" and "central space" is used.

Functional efficiency performance space-oriented mosque like any other, it is influenced by the spatial configuration. In fact, religious spaces with unique featuressince the beginning of Islam has remained unchanged and only their own spaces. This special feature makes frequent use of specific patterns in the architecture of these buildings. The relationship between inputs, yard bedchamber (s)(or Shabestan) of the Mosque of these qualities. In many cases, there is a porch or Ivan of a communication node. In the form of a semi - open space, is the interface between the yard and bedchamber of the mosque. This study examines the role of the mosque›s porch to improve operational efficiency. In connection with the evaluation of functional efficiency using space efficiently, several studies have been completed. For example, Mustafa and his 2013 study, a variety of patterns and consider the variable dome mosques, with the introduction of elements of space efficiency, to evaluate the performance of these buildings have. To study and analyze the configuration space and the functional efficiency in a variety of patterns and a variety of home business has passages. Also in the article Khan (2012) to review and explain the functional efficiency indicators is discussed in hospitalsand the role of each component in order to optimize the layout of the interior space efficiency buildings, healthcare, according to the definitions analyzed and assessed. It should be noted that the present study was to evaluate the functional efficiency of the mosques with central courtyard space structure. Therefore, in this regard, this study intends to basic position Ivan element in achieving this important space in the form of mosques, explain. The hypothesis is also provided as follows: according to the calculation of operational efficiency indicators such as the depth of space, the association and the vision and perspective, space Layout mosques four porches highest functional efficiency.The research questions to examine the role of mosques Eyvan the configuration is as follows: Is Eyvan improve operational efficiency mosques is effective? Is count on a mosque porch can improve the efficiency of its performance? How to Eyvan role in promoting functional efficiency realized in the mosques?In order to achieve this goal in the first to introduce a paidwhich explains the components of operating efficiency and definitions of it through studies that have been conducted and evaluated the degree plan.So, in order to achieve this, two methods were used.The first method uses mathematical syntax space.That information required to be used in formulas, the plot justification for each of the samples obtained.The second method, using the software Depthmap and analyze its output. the final results obtained from these two methods revealed Eyvan and spaces that are dependent on the spatial structure of mosques increased spatial depth, the degree of integration and better links between the yard and the Bedchamber the combination of these factors, improving operational efficiency between the input space, garden and Bedchamber (s) in the mosque. Software Depthmap including tools to analyze the different spaces of urban spaces and architectural spaces, is used.With this software, such as deep space indices visibility and visibility cone, and so on are useful.The software has features that can be used to evaluate the efficiency indicators of the performance of different spaces payments.The application for each of the areas in question, determine the calibration.Accordingly, any portion of space considering the total area of the space and the position of the observer is standing, will have a different grading. Among other results obtained from this study can be pointed to the role of mosque porch improve operational efficiency;this means that the number of mosques in the central courtyard porch increase its operational efficiency significantly increased. create or increase the potential of space in mosques four porches because of elements such as Eyvan and its related spaces (bedchamber behind it) than other samples The event observer relative to the surrounding atmosphere and can be changed at first glance, this feature can be used to improve the performance of the mosque.- Four-eyvan mosques because of the sequence of spaces and their propagation, has more depth than the input space and depth are less than a yard spaceBut due to space communication with other spaces in total efficiency is better than the other mosques patterns.a total of four Eyvan mosques pattern due to the increased level of communication spaces with each other, flexibility and permeability is there more space and thus it tends to facilitate the movement of worshipers in the mosque is different spaces finally, with regard to the importance of the porch to improve the operation efficiency of mosques, you can mosque pattern layout of four porches due to its superior performance to other mosques patterns used in the construction of mosques today.

This paper uses the space syntax methodology to assess the efficiency of the courtyard in eight traditional house designs. Each of the houses selected for this study boasts a different plan composition in connection with the location and number of the courtyards: there are one to four courtyards in each house; and the main courtyard is located either at the center or on one side of the plan. Using graph theory formulae, the mean depth, relative asymmetry and real relative asymmetry indicators are calculated for each plan composition. The results indicate that houses with one courtyard located at the center of the plan have the least mean depth and highest spatial accessibility and consequently boast the highest plan efficiency.