جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زندگی روزمره » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Critical attitude to capital hegemony on human relations in contemporary society, when it is linked to space, enters into urban studies. From this perspective, in the urban study of space, as a problematic concept, two categories of literature of (social) production and (cultural) consumption of space can be distinguished, which seems to have been developed most of all under the two disciplines of cultural studies and political economy. Also, the public space, which is at the center of urban design studies, has been mixed with a kind of critical understanding in recent years. This is where the interdisciplinary nature of urban design has forced it to pay attention to the literature of production and consumption of space for a deeper understanding of the transformation of public spaces in the midst of the conflict between the forces of power and the people.

This article aimed to develop critical understanding of public space, especially under the knowledge of urban design, by combining the two theoretical concepts of social production and cultural consumption of space.

This theoretical essay tries to present a legible picture of the position of urban public spaces in a theoretical frame that stemmed from examining a hierarchy from philosophical roots to tangible concepts derived from the above two concepts.

The findings show how the concepts considered in the three categories of literature (social production of space, cultural consumption and critical studies of urban design) at three levels of discussion (paradigmatic, theoretical and objective).

The realm of everyday life can be understood as the confluence of the two concepts of cultural consumption and social production of space; which a visible part of it is occuring in public spaces as the field of action of urban design and the constant crystallization of production and consumption flows. In this position, everyday can be read through the concept of homogenization of space, where the upstream forces of abstract production in dialectics with downstream forces of objective consumption are evolving contemporary urban spaces.

Today, with the increasing trend of privatization of public spaces and its control in various ways; Sociability of public space, which is one of the pillars of urban vitality; Has been challenged.On the other hand, lack of attention to the social dimension of vitality is observed in most studies. This study seeks to identify the most important indicators of sociability to achieve vitality in Valiasr St., Tehran from the perspective of experts and street users.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the two concepts of sociability and vitality in Valiasr Street, Tehran to use the results in urban public space planning.

In this regard, a comparative analysis is performed based on the views of experts on Valiasr Street and the users of this street. By adopting a combined approach with a sequential exploratory research design and using three methods of unstructured interview, observation committee and field observation, research data were collected.

A total of 7 main criteria were identified by experts, but 3 of these 7 criteria were not approved by users. The results were then discussed in two areas. First, it was found that, contrary to experts' views, criteria that are more collectivist are less preferred by users. There were also fundamental differences in the views of the two groups. So that the experts had a scientific but idealistic attitude towards the issues and issues of public spaces. While users' point of view is a simple, minimal but realistic view of their preferences and desires from a public space, which is based on their lived experience of public spaces.

Finally, the realization of the sociability of public spaces depended on a series of requirements and underlying conditions that can be sought in the field of macro-political, institutional and social structures.

An survey of the theory of everyday life shows the importance of action and resistance. In the meantime, art, as an effective and productive force, can be produce the creativity and, in this way, creative action. This theory is about the domination of instrumental rationality, the ideology of economic system, and the low-visibility mechanisms of the everyday life. Among the approaches for study everyday life, there are three perspectives: Phenomenological, Critical and Postmodern approach. This paper research seeks to take a critical perspective for finding the ways to reclaim urban spaces. With this explanation, the problem of the present study is how using public art can enhance creativity in urban space and thus can increase creativity and regain everyday life space and provide the basis for realization of social space. This article, in view of its purpose, is in the category of analytical research. After deducing the theoretical research in this area (with a qualitative approach and based on qualitative content analysis), quantitative and deduction analysis method in the case study used (City Theater Area) and the explanatory model tested. Observation, field survey and questionnaire were used to collect data. The sample size was 380 questionnaires and the target group of this study was a diverse range of users from the City Theater area. Analysis of questionnaire data (correlation test and factor analysis) using SPSS software confirms that public art can promote creative action. And among the dynamic and interactive arts, they have the greatest impact on creating action. The interaction and learning factor formed by interactive art has the most impact on the creative activity of users of the City's Theater space. To reach this level of creative action, one must first respond to the lower levels of participation and creating conditions for presence and discourse.

A critical look toward spatial issues necessitates criticism and transformation in theoretical and practical approaches toward space in the contemporary era. Spatial critical reading is considered a method to describe, interpret and criticize everyday life and identify spatial issues from the same perspective. Spatial reading first appears in theoretical traditions and components affecting it. Social theories about everyday life have gradually penetrated spatial studies and the recognition methods, in line with spatial turn. Space, in this opinion, shows everyday characters and their dimensions that it shows the current social situation. So, this space is considered to display the characteristics of everyday life and its constructive dimensions and the representative of the economic, political, cultural, and technical conditions. It means that space is based on daily activities in routine life and people's performance in their daily living (lived space) and the representative constructive factors (economic, political, cultural conditions, knowledge, and technology, which is known as perceived space). In this approach, space is known as good that is consumed in a new form. According to these necessitates, the urban space design process must emphasize everyday life's dimensions and components. Rhythmanalysis, as one of the analytical tools, is emphasis reading everyday life in urban space. This tool includes two urban rhythms: everyday and physical rhythms. They show linear and cyclic rhythms orders. This study aims to delve deeper and explain the complexities of multi-layered urban public space; Influenced by each society's social formations and the starting point of the epistemology of space in correlation with social reality, has been done.The research paradigm is critical, and within the framework of Lefebvre's theory of social production, explores everyday life in space through rhythm analysis and the connection of time and place. The research questions included identifying the components affecting the rhythm of the practice and developing a contextual model to read the space of Khajoo Bridge. The research's innovation is the description and explanation of the semi-hidden and hidden part of the urban public space (Isfahan Khajoo Bridge) using rhythm analysis of practice contrary to society's formal discourse. Using contextual theory, a systematic study of the information obtained from the field perception, including in-depth purposeful interviews and observations of the objective aspect of the occurrence of actions (behavioral patterns), has been performed. The results are formulated in a theoretical-contextual model with 12 main categories that show the relationship of practice with contextual conditions, causes of occurrence, interfering factors (aggravating), and consequences: Context of practice include ideological-governmental, natural, and environmental order; Its causes are a function of normative order and supervisory management; intervening factors including planned interactions, cultural exchanges, and interconnectedness of categories; Consequences include predictability of space, awareness of demands, reduction of legitimacy, and appropriation of space from formal discourse. The occurrence of practice has a temporal and spatial selection and is associated with membership in social groups. Their goal is spatial stabilization, gaining autonomy and legitimacy in space, and they have patterns of lawlessness-abnormality, space ownership, psychotherapy, and demands.

From the late twentieth century onwards, with the advent of globalization, architecture became a tool for branding to turn cities into places of capital attraction. This policy encouraged architecture to separate from the context and create contrast. As a result, the architecture turned into specialized knowledge and artistic work and was separated from everyday life.

Architecture and everyday life have distant and nearby aspects and are the context for emerging the distant and nearby disciplines. The current study has dealt with the distant aspect of modern architecture and later on. The architecture can improve the aspects of everyday life that are in the lower layers by applying the knowledge of human sciences and social science and affect the human community.

The current study tries to explain the relationship and effect between architecture and everyday life using retroductive approach. First, the concept of everyday life is investigated in a descriptive-analytical study and using the documentation studies. Then, the current study introduces the space manifestations of everyday life according to the perspectives of various thinkers and using the qualitative content analysis, studies these opinions and introduces its components and categories.

The findings of the current research indicate that architecture is not limited to an objective or subjective phenomenon and it cannot be reduced to the form and function. The architecture knowledge has three components of knowledge, art and value that have been neglected in the post-modern era. Everyday life also has three components of spatial practice, representation of space and representational space and each component of the architecture affects the aspects of everyday life. The current research addressed the value components of architecture and the representational space of everyday life as a part of the further aspects of architecture and everyday life. Architecture helps reduce the dominance of the different systems on space and improve everyday life in public spaces. Therefore, architecture is specialized knowledge, an art and simultaneously linked with everyday life.

Yasouj, located in a district with vast wilderness areas, has been named as the Iran Nature Capital and has become one of the major tourism attractions in south of Iran. Despite having unique social- cultural intangible attributes, Since the city itself doesn’t have cultural- historical tangible elements to attract tourism, can be considered a tourism- supporting city that supplies services for eco- tourism of surrounding natural areas. Such a condition has abandoned the city from tourism flow. The creative tourism paradigm, in contrast with other types of tourism that rely on tangible cultural and ecological elements, emphasizes on everyday life of the city and active participative experiences for both tourist and locals. In 2006, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s Creative Cities Network defined creative tourism as ‘travel directed toward an engaged and authentic experience, with participative learning in the arts, heritage, or special character of a place, and it provides a connection with those who reside in this place and create this living culture (UNESCO, 2006, 3). The common components of creative tourism are ‘participative, authentic experiences that allow tourists to develop their creative potential and skills through contact with local people and their culture’ (Richards, 2011, 1237), and thus it is essentially a learning process which blurs the tourist- locals distinction. This research aimed to explore the role of Yasouj in lived experience of tourism and locals, to understand if they have acceptance for creative tourism patterns and attributes due to the current situation of the city.In literature review this research analyzed the creative tourism paradigm and relevant concepts to shape a conceptual framework. Relying on Inductive Qualitative Content Analysis methodology, this research explored the experience of 32 interviewees (20 tourism and 12 locals) using coding as the main analysis method. An inductive approach, also called data-driven or text-driven, is characterized by a search for patterns and themes to describe the studied phenomenon. During the analysis the researcher looks for similarities and differences in the data, which are described in categories and/or themes on various levels of abstraction and interpretation. The researcher moves from the data to a theoretical understanding – from the concrete and specific to the abstract and general (Graneheim et al., 2017, 30). The eight discovered categories indicate to three different themes, as the research findings, including “city- tourism supporting”, “city- presenting cultural products” and “city- event” explains the interviewee’s experience of Yasouj’s current situation and their image for preferred future situation of tourism. The three themes indicate to necessity of interrelationship between three different levels of roles, not only the creative tourism one, that Yasuj should play for tourism; in district (macro) level, connection to the eco- tourism; in city level (meso), supporting an interconnected network of cultural- tourism areas and places; in public space level (micro) supporting livable eventful public spaces. This research findings describes tourism, including the current situation and the capacities for future, for those cities that, similar to Yasouj, are presenting as a tourism-support for surrounding ecological areas.

Lefebvre’s space enters the social realm by departing from the infinite space of mathematicians and the mental space of philosophers. According to Lefebvre, this space is both produced and consumed and is in a sense, a kind of manufactured commodity as well as a consumable product. The overlapping of material production, the production of ideology and the production of meaning in one place and at a time are recognized as key elements of the production of social space that is reproduced in a trialectical rather than a dialectical process. The overlapping of Lefebvre’s theory with the secondary circuit of capital accumulation claimed by Harvey has a profound effect on the concretization of capitalist function. The process of space production and reproduction in the second cycle of capital accumulation carries the products that most left-wing thinkers attribute to the reactionary ways of civilization. What is more important than the productions of capitalist space is the analysis of the process of production and reproduction of space in the second cycle, in which Harvey is known as a pioneer and main descriptor of Lefebvre’s theories. Interpolation and analysis of Lefebvre and Harvey’s theories on the critique of everyday life and how to escape the space of capital and the trialectic cycle are the main issues in this study.

The main purpose of this study is to critique everyday life in a lived space filled with the domination of capital by analyzing the processes of space production and its products, based on the Lefebvre and Harvey intellectual apparatus and their theoretical commonalities.

This is a fundamental research that is descriptive-analytical. The main issue has been explored using genuine reference sources and finally the critique of everyday life in the Lived Space.

This research has been conducted based on the hypothesis that “the everyday life of citizens in the Lived Space or the second cycle of capital accumulation implies citizens’ objectivity and passivity and consumerism” based on which we conclude that the capitalist space is moving with the proponents of the trialectical process towards the establishment of a passive (consumerist) citizen and the establishment of subject and object, whose effects also govern the Lived Space in addition to the urban space.

Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts. Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts. Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts. Cities play a strategic role in contemporary political-economic space. Despite of global process-based distribution of political and theoretical status of neo-liberalism, it’s geographical and spatial space transformations have never been experienced at determined methods. This paper indicates the question of neoliberal city form. Question in which relies on “actually existing neo-liberalism” as a key character of “neo-liberal restructuring project”. It refers to ways in which different local contexts are embedded within wider dominant global structural grid of neo-liberal discursive command centers. It implies another key attribute, the “path dependent neo-liberalism”, the neo-liberal project defined on contextually embedded bases, elaborately rearranges, replaces and redefines the structures of existing institutional layout and subsequently transforms the shape of the city in two critical moment of neoliberal restructuring project: the “moment of destruction” and the “moment of creation”. Three different layers of neo-liberal process in cities has distinguished by synthesizing two theoretically different but dialectically intertwined methodological foundations: functional layer, structural layer, “common sense revolution” layer. This synthesized theoretical frame work has conceptualized the contemporary neo-liberal city form transformation by emphasizing on distinction between two different mechanisms of neo-liberal project, the glocalization and urbanization stages. In the last part, explanation of an analytic model of neo-liberal city transformation has been emerged from discussed issues. The columns of this table-formatted model, consists of the layers of neo-liberal process and the rows Includes integrated dimensions of city form. This model provides primitive analytic criteria for understanding the overall layers of neo-liberalization process in specific urban contexts.

Everyday life is considered one of the most notable issues in cultural studies and it is concerned by many theorists and writers of cultural studies in their works. Considering the ever increasing development of images and their dominant role in today’s culture، it is important to concern about visual dimension of everyday culture، and also the visuality، which means the social construction of seeing. This research purports to discuss the concept and the nature of everyday life building on Nicholas Mirzoeff’s theory، a distinguished theorist in visual culture. The study of the space of consumption، as a significant area of daily life، will provide important results including the inevitable role of visual culture in the everyday life and the inadequacy of everyday life as the bastion of resistance against the hegemonic power. The interdisciplinary nature of cultural studies as the substrate and the main source of visual culture، concerns other disciplines like sociology، the critical theory and media studies in this research.