جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Blue Mosque » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The mosque, the most important building of religious architecture in the ancient Islamic civilization, which embodies the thought and spirit that governs the environment, has always occupied a place in the center of the city and has benefited from the best arrays. Although the architecture of this historical land is several thousand years old, the efforts made to identify and introduce its works do not have much history. In our culture, the mosque is not only a temple and a place of prayer to the Lord, but also a meeting place for people and an important point of the city. The Vakil Mosque of Shiraz and the Blue Mosque of Yerevan (Armenia) are two magnificent works of Iranian-Islamic architecture in the Zandiyeh period, which are manifestations of Iranian-Islamic art in two different geographical locations. The research method is a combination of library work and field work by examining historical and geographical sources, recording and recording information related to the building, which explains the architectural style, the study of architectural elements, the characteristics of the materials used, and the type of covering of the dome, porches. and the decorations used in the building. The current research seeks to find the answers to these two questions: What do the Vakil Mosque of Shiraz and the Blue Mosque of Yerevan (Armenia) have in common? 2- What are the differences between Vakil Mosque in Shiraz and Blue Mosque in Yerevan (Armenia)? and goals such as 1- analyzing the features of the Vakil Mosque in Shiraz and the Blue Mosque in Yerevan (Armenia) 2- explaining the similarities and differences between the Vakil Mosque in Shiraz and the Blue Mosque in Yerevan (Armenia), after studying and analyzing these two buildings, it was found that this The two works have commonalities and differences, and their common points are the period of construction, the presence of naves, architectural style, and the number of entrances to the building, and their differences are in the number of porches, height, domes, domes, and the number of altars.

 Decoration is the most valuable part of Islamic Art. Decoration can reflect the religious beliefs and manifestations of culture and art of the Islamic period and with all the ups and downs it has had over the centuries, it has been able to expand significantly and leave lasting works through unique and unified expressions in different climates. Among all kinds of architectural decorations, tiling and painting are the most attractive among Muslim architects and are considered the most important and effective factors in the beauty and grandeur of Islamic buildings.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the decorative patterns of the two ‘Kabud’ (blue) mosques of ‘Mazar-e-Sharif’ and ‘Sultan Ahmed’. The unique decorations of the blue mosques are compared to clarify the similar and dissimilar items in the decorative designs used on the tiles, which are inspired by nature and ethnic and regional influences and are derived from the art of ancient Iran and Islamic Iran.

The results were obtained by comparing the decorative patterns of the two mentioned mosques using the descriptive and analytical methods with the help of the tables, written documents, and data analysis.

​​The origin of decorative patterns in the two buildings is rooted in Iran, but each region has used its own mechanism and creativity to localize the designs. The tiling decorations used in the two blue mosques of ‘Sultan Ahmed’ and ‘Mazar-e-Sharif’ are simple, with emphasis on the commands of Islam, and are abstracted from nature in a vegetal, geometric and symbolic manner. Along with beautification, they have meanings and show order, multiplicity, and unity, and add to the coherence of the spiritual atmosphere of the environment.

During the recent years and following several decades of modern experiences in valuable urban texture conservation, Integrated Conservation approach has been considered as a more favorable solution by urban restoration experts. This viewpoint which covers extensive material and spiritual dimensions takes into account the commitment to supply current needs of the city and citizens along with the commitment to support the historical values. But having full knowledge of historical and site structure evolutions is one of the requirements for adopting this approach. The purpose of having such knowledge is to provide a background for a knowledge-based action in line with promoting the quality of the proposed plans; an issue that has unfortunately gained little attention in most of the contemporary interventions in the historical textures of Iranian cities. Historical texture of Iranian ancient cities is one of the main fields affected by the thoughtless and tactless developments. The measures that have been taken in these valuable regions, have often affected the historical and even functional identity of them. An obvious example of this claim is the inadvertent interventions in Tabriz Blue Mosque historical site, resulted in irreparable consequences for the historical prestige of the Two decades ago, i.e. in the early 70s (Hijri Shamsi), simultaneous to civil actions after war, the city governors with the consultation, cooperation and investment of a cultural institute in Tehran tried to destruct interwoven texture around the Blue Mosque. The purpose of this group in destructing the historical structures, was to bare, or in other words, clarify the physical appearance of the
Blue Mosque in urban landscape; in addition, another goal was designing and constructing trading complexes around it in order to return the capital and interest. This project that had a high process speed at first and it was expected to end soon, suddenly faced with a crisis and got stop for several years. The situation was another manifestation of “development and conflict” discussion in the third world societies. Although project managers insisted on work continuation and completion, resistance and opposition of public opinions especially the cultural sympathetic strata of the city became a barrier to it. Generally, it should be mentioned that although this non-expertise actions did not merely focus on destruction of architectural buildings and heritage around the Blue Mosque, but it totally destructed a
wide section of subsurface works hidden in lower layers. The present research has an environmental consideration and reflection while “Integrated Conservation” approach has become the basis of discussion in this. By understanding the mentioned issues we try to find an answer to the question: what is the role of layer study analysis in remaining traces from the excavation at surrounding site of Tabriz Blue Mosque in promoting the quality of the proposed plans for this site. This study has used a descriptive-analytical method of research and the findings indicate that more attentions should be paid by the programmers to this site which has a considerable antiquity dating back to Iron Age as a place in which human societies were settled during several millennia. The findings of this study further reveal that haphazard decisions in different districts of urban designing management have been harmful and evil for the fate of this site. If Integrated Conservation approach had been adopted to save and organize it from the beginning, the aforesaid site could now be an active and attractive cultural pole while preserving its true dignity. Now, for saving this historical site, it is necessary to provide a reasonable and long-lasting protection opportunity, from the viewpoint of Integrated Conservation approach.

The Blue Mosque, one of the valuable architectural elements of Tabriz city, known as the Turquoise of Islamic world, has high status among the people of the city, also among domestic and foreign historians and travelers, ever since its establishment. The Blue Mosque has always played a dynamic role in Tabriz’s continuum of urban life and provides a proper setting for social interactions. Up to early in this century, the Blue Mosque, despite numerous damages and demolitions, had its privileged place in the city, until the large-scale interventions, which took place during the First Pahlavi’s era and changed the face of the city forever. These changes created the phenomenon problems associated with the ancient city structure, which unstable the role of many historic elements.The emergence of new urban relations contrasts with the spatial structure of the old city. These new elements, in Iran’s cities, appear different from their true nature, and remain this way until today. This modernization of the cities happened at a time that they did not have the actual conditions of an industrial city or even took the transition phase to modernism or had and understanding of the first principles of this evolution. These changes only imitate the underlying principles of modernization and in practice reject the old continuum of the city. The purpose of this study is to obtain a solution to recover the lost dignity of the Blue Mosque in Tabriz’s urban life and restore its rightful place among the few monuments that have remained; because during the earthquakes and wars, many of the monuments in city have been destroyed which make it necessary to protect the remaining historic elements. Therefore, to achieve this goal, the historic maps and documents of Tabriz city have been analyze, by historic –interpretive methods and by interviewing knowledgeable and expert people. On the other hand, field studies and information gathered from local residents helped to analyze the current situation. This paper, at first provides a comprehensive understanding of the origins of the formation of the Blue Mosque and the reports of the domestic and foreign historians and travelers. Then the position of the Blue Mosque in the continuum of urban life, in different historical periods, based on historical documents and maps will be analyze. Continuing with the analysis of the current situation of the Blue Mosque in its context, the damages and their reasons will be express. Also, by providing the detailed map of the approved plan for the area, the strengths and weaknesses of the project will be discuss in relation to the Blue Mosque. Finally, by analyzing the historical status of the Blue Mosque in the continuum of the old city of Tabriz and the factors which affecting them, it offers the ideal solution for restoring the Blue Mosque with the quality associated with cultural-historical axis where once was the path of the Silk Road. This is an effort in order to recover the historical identity of the mosque, the fabric and the city of Tabriz.