جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Classification » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Northwest region of Iran due to climatic conditions and the location of two volcanic mountains Sablan and Sahand; It is one of the prone areas for this type of architecture. In this area, cutable rocks have provided a suitable bed for cutting rocky spaces. Based on the studies conducted in this area, various rocky spaces have been identified and introduced, and their typology and classification are very valuable. Based on this, this research while identifying, introducing and explaining the special features of the Dastkand spaces of this region seeks to answer the following questions: 1- What is the factor of the formation of rock architecture in the northwestern region of Iran? 2- In how many types can the rock architecture of northwestern Iran be classified? Therefore, along with the field method to record, record and explain the current state of the works, documentary studies and based on the descriptive-analytical method have been used to know the formation factor of the rock architecture of the northwest region. The results of the research show that the natural features of the earth, the phenomena related to it and taking into account the human needs and the political, cultural, religious and economic conditions of the northwestern region of Iran have caused the emergence of 4 types of rock architecture with different dimensions. Other results of the research show that this type of architecture is suitable for the cold climate of the northwestern region of Iran and is considered compatible with cold regions.

The present study examines the relationship between the architecture of contemporary mosques and the historical traditions of mosque architecture and tries to formulate a special classification for the types of this relationship. At the beginning of this paper, some weaknesses of the existing categorization models for the general approaches of the architectural design of contemporary mosques are explained. Since in the existing classifications, the whole mosque is viewed as a single entity, the resultant classifications become ambiguous in many cases. For example, when a particular mosque is introduced as an example of the modern approach, it is possible that in the same mosque there are certain physical elements with a completely traditionalist approach, and vice versa, in mosques that are introduced as examples of traditionalist mosques, it is possible that certain elements and components of the mosque are designed in a modern way. Due to the generality and vagueness of the mentioned categories, it becomes difficult to explain issues such as the impact of the desired approach on qualities such as "recognizability" and "newness" of the mosque design from the audience's point of view. Another problem is that these categories generally do not have the ability to explain the homogeneity or heterogeneity of style in the design of the mosques in question, and usually when a term is used to describe a mosque, it is not yet clear whether the design of the mosque in question is original or eclectic. In this study, after an analytical review of the relevant scientific literature, four approaches to the historical traditions of mosque architecture are identified. Based on his expertise and professional views and the specific conditions of the project, an architect approaching the design problem of a contemporary mosque and in the face of the design of any of the main physical elements of the mosque can follow any of the traditions of mosque design (Imitation approach); the architect can somehow reconcile any of the historical traditions of mosque design with contemporary architecture and offer new interpretations of them (conservative approach); he/she can challenge some architectural traditions of mosque design (challenging approach); or one can wholly avoid these traditions and break from them (abandonment approach). In the present study, two modes are considered for each of the two conservative and challenging approaches: One is the case where the relevant approach is followed more intensely and the other is the case where the desired approach is followed with less intensity. In the present paper, each of these approaches is assigned a specific digit from zero to five. According to the specific field of the present study, which is dedicated to the exterior view of the mosques, for every mosque three main elements are examined consisting of the dome, minaret and other exterior surfaces. By assigning a digit to each of these three elements of the mosque according to its specific approach, a three-digit code is produced for each mosque. The code assigned to the examples of contemporary mosques can be a reliable indicator for explaining the physical characteristics of the mosque in question, explaining whether the mosque is recognizable or ambiguous from the point of view of the audience, whether the mosque design displays a homogeneous or eclectic style, and whether it is innovative or imitative. Next, the application of the proposed model to twelve examples of contemporary mosques, both in Iran and in the world, is described. In the present study, in describing the functions and properties of each of the afore-mentioned approaches, it is stated what issues and aspects are emphasized in each approach. Finally, it is stated that these four approaches are a set of possibilities that contemporary architects are equipped with in the face of the open problem of the contemporary mosque design and none of these approaches are inherently right or wrong, but it is important that they are used properly and appropriately. What is important is to face the design problem responsibly and self-consciously. If the architect decides to imitate some of the past traditions of mosque architecture, his decision must be based on awareness and wisdom, and if he decides to abandon some historical traditions, his decision must be a responsible and wise decision too.

The Dado refers to the lower part of the wall from the floor to a height of about one meter, and it often has different decorations than other parts of the wall. Dadoes, in different periods, are often done with decorations such as Brickwork, carving, Tilework, a combining stone and tile, etc and with divers plant and geometric designs and motifs. Tile dadoes of Timurid Monuments in Iran are no exception to this rule and as one of the most magnificent decorative effects in the architecture of this era, includes a unique collection of geometric motifs. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to introduce and classify the geometric motifs of exquisite used in the Tilework Dadoes of Timurid Monuments in Iran and also Survey their Common features with other significant buildings Iran, in comparative studies. Therefore, the main question of this research is arisen as follows: What are the most common and major geometric motifs/ knots in the Tilework Dadoes of Timurid Monuments in Iran? Data collection has been made based on field research and written references that has analyzed the collected data from the samples through Historical-descriptive-comparative method and with a comparative approach based on geometric motifs. The results of this study, which are obtained from the study of Geometric Motifs of tile Dadoes of Timurid buildings in Iran, shows that; In the tile Dadoes of this period, the majority of ornaments , from the aspect of Geometric Motifs, are composed of numerical motifs on the basis of six, such as, "regular hexagonal" motifs, which are often located in Yazd province and often in turquoise color, "Six and Jointed Triangle", "Six and Stretched Give", "Six and roundel", "Six and Triangle", etc. The mentioned results, in addition to Iran, have been common in the buildings of other parts of the Timurid rule also the Dadoes of the tiles of the buildings of the illustrated manuscripts of this period. The Dado refers to the lower part of the wall from the floor to a height of about one meter, and it often has different decorations than other parts of the wall. Dadoes, in different periods, are often done with decorations such as Brickwork, carving, Tilework, a combining stone and tile, etc and with divers plant and geometric designs and motifs. Tile dadoes of Timurid Monuments in Iran are no exception to this rule and as one of the most magnificent decorative effects in the architecture of this era, includes a unique collection of geometric motifs. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to introduce and classify the geometric motifs of exquisite used in the Tilework Dadoes of Timurid Monuments in Iran and also Survey their Common features with other significant buildings Iran, in comparative studies.

Management and prioritization of architectural heritage conservation in Iran is one of the main challenges of this field due to lack of financial resources. Since the enactment of the Preservation of National Monuments and Antiquities law (1309 AS), architectural heritage has never been evaluated or graded methodically, i.e., within a codified framework and with a conservation approach based on significance. This has led to the lack of comprehensive principles for integrated management, coordinated decision-making, and prioritization for conservation purposes, while most developed or developing countries have developed such a logical framework. One of the tools for conservation management of architectural heritage in Europe is classification. The main purpose of this research is to identify the classification system proposed in European policies in order to outline an operational and generalizable model at the national level. Aims and objectives affecting the European architectural heritage classification system is the main question of this research. To find it through document research and library studies, the available data including laws, policies, and experiences were collected and analyzed through a descriptive-interpretive and comparative method using the qualitative approach. According to the research findings, the main purpose of classification has been to reach a management mechanism based on an hierarchical system that improves policies for the protection of heritage resources and the use of authorities in architectural heritage conservation. For this, architectural heritage is classified into three levels: national, regional, and local. The approach and decision-making methods for classification are determined based on consultation with experts and authorities and according to relevant criteria and components, including uniqueness; significance; qualification for protection; ownership; and historical, architectural, artistic, scientific, aesthetic, and social qualities. The classification system in Europe is considered an important factor of economic development and improvement of living conditions.

About two centuries after the rise of Islam, the production of pottery in Iran gradually underwent dramatic changes. The pottery decorations, which were initially without patterns and simple, gradually expanded and human motifs became one of the most important decorative elements of the Lustre pottery of the Seljuk and Ilkhanid eras. The most important contribution of the artists of these centuries is in the construction, invention and evolution of Lustre pottery, in which human motifs can be seen many times on this type of pottery. Human motifs (male and female) are of great importance in the medieval Lustre pottery, which is reflected on these pottery based on the culture and civilization of its time. Therefore, this research began with the focus on studying and examining the Lustre pottery of the Glassaware and Ceramic's Museum of Iran's. and introducing it. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to get acquainted with and reflect on the types of human motifs in the studied Lustre pottery. Finally, to classify these types of motifs. In this regard, an attempt has been made to the question of what kind of scenes do the human motifs of the studied pottery contain? To be answered. The study method in the present study is descriptive-historical method and library resources and field collection have been used to explain the subject. The results indicate that human motifs as the most important ornaments of Lustre pottery in six groups, mainly used in the text of bowls and plates. Also, despite the fact that they have a variety of different decorations, the main image of the decoration is the responsibility of human motifs.

The universe is made up of living and non-living beings. Based on its capacity, each of them has a level of life. Human creations, because of the change or stability in the conditions of matter, make it possible discover or create and have the ability to create levels of life. The builders’ attempt to create works and structures which is somewhat close to these characteristics. Characteristics in which the sense of vitality, kindness and other qualitative components are strengthened. Therefore, the research emerges to ask such questions; which classification can be considered in relation to the levels of life in constructions? How has the spatial quality of traditional houses in Yazd achieved success with the presence of life components? The present article seeks to present or propose the concept of life classification in structures in which more properly is expressed the values and characteristics related to the life of structures. Therefore, it seems that this feature is more recognizable in traditional cities. In order to understand it precisely with reference to the historical texture of Yazd city, the patterns of the central courtyard houses, sunken garden and garden house are selected and classified. The research is based on analytical and descriptive method along with documentary and field data collection. Also, in a precise framework, all datas are collected and analyzed based on the principle of induction, and summarized the document. The result shows that, in the traditional houses of Yazd, six general systems related to the category of life can be identified. Life as an empirical thing exists in all beings. It looks like metaphorical, energical, biological, and Spiritual aspects. Finally life as an inspiring idea forms the structure of the research.

The transfer of any concept from the sciences to engineering needs a comprehensive understanding and an ability to connect the two. Thanks to their evolution and passing of the test of time, the use of biological features has always been of particular importance. Adaptability is one of the main characteristics of living organisms, which let them survive in changing environments and ultimately results in their evolution. It can involve a number of aspects in architecture: functional, structural, formal, cultural, and commercial. On this basis, it is essential to pay attention to scale in any concept transfer from the sciences to architecture. The present research studies the scale in the original science and tries to define corresponding scales in architecture. Determining corresponding scales facilitates the use of a given scientific concept in architecture. The research starts with a study of the concept of adaptability in biological sciences based on their characteristics and scales; and then seeks ways to transfer them into architecture using a solution-centred approach. The research method is deductive starting from macro- and then moving on to micro-levels of the sciences. Finally, adaptability is studied in various built-environment scales with its associate elements classified. The connection between the two areas is made, first through the introduction of analytic units as datum points, and then the establishment of corresponding levels. This approach prevents possible misconceptions caused by incompatible scales in the two realms.

Persian carpet or Iranian rug, a heavy textile for decoration or home use, is one of the main features of Iranian culture and art as well as one of the leading exports. Carpet is one of the traditional Persian arts that its plenteous and varied designs express its historical background. The motifs and colors of carpets were influenced by the climatic, cultural, and historical context of each region. Due to the existence of different criteria in this diversity, different carpet’s categories were presented from different perspectives. Accordingly, in this research, we tried to find out a new framework of carpet classification based on the critical study on the existing classifications in the design and motif of the Persian carpet. Our new recommended classification was defined as a reliable framework, a readable, and visually perceivable. This paper was conducted using the classification system based on the principles of theoretical logic as research methodology. It was benefited from library and observational studies as the data gathering method. After analyzes and studies, it was succeeded in offering a categorization titled "Seven Face" (H︡aft Rokh) that was based on two axes of design and motif, such as: Moharramat (Strips), Ghabi (Shape), Vagirei (pattern), Lechak Toranj (Medallion),  Baghi (Garden), Mahrabi (Prayer) and Afshan. The results of this critical analysis of the carpet classification indicated that the classification of “Seven Faces” system would be a comprehensive category. Seeks to express a comprehensive and expandable classification of carpet in new designs.

Yalameh-i-Qashqayi carpets in Borujen city of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (as the main source of Yalamecarpet weaving) and some of its suburban villages are especially important. The people settled in the province of Isfahan after the migration to Ali Abad area and then settled in other areas of Isfahan province and neighboring provinces, including Borujen, in the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari. In this way, a new era of propagation and the original role of the Yilmeh tribal system emerged. Yalameh carpet is woven in three designs of a pillow, a bowl, and one that can be said that they all fall into one group, but they are combined in various shapes. In this paper, it will be tried to use the library and field method to find out the overall Yalameh carpet by separating all the components used in it (including pools, margins, patches, motifs and composition) and Then they will examine the evolution of the last 20 years and provide a better understanding of the group of carpets (somewhat unknown). The questions of this review are as follows: What are the differences in the design and role of the new and old carpets? What is the most and the least change in which group of tripartite designs and at a closer look, in which part of the components of Yalameh carpet has been applied? In this way, it will be determined that despite the same pattern of motifs in old and new samples, there are obvious differences in the way of displaying new designs and their arrangement, which are discussed in the text of the article

Periodization is the process of dividing the time into smaller blocks so that, each block has its uniformity.
Almost all of the historians have narrated the history of Islamic calligraphy on the basis of political periods or chronometric dating. But, in spite of the advantages, these methods are not consistence with the real evolution of calligraphy. So, the method of periodization is better to be firstly consistence with the visual evolution of calligraphy and secondly, on the basis of local principles. To this, in this article the historical reports of calligraphy recorded in old manuals, prefaces of albums (Moraq`s), and biographies (Tazkares) in a descriptive- analytics methos were studied and one of the periodization methods used for classification of scripts` history explained. To do this the following questions are answered: which kind of periosdization was used more in the first hand resources? What are the charactristics of every period? What are advantages and disadvantages of this periodization model? The basis of the method is the alterations done by outstanding calligraphers in the styles of their time. Firstly, in this method the section of periods is the time of calligraphers whose styles became the norm of their time. Secondly, the method is of the methods based on the period style. Thirdly, the method can be used for classification of all the Islamic scripts. But the significant point is that in historiography by the method, the norm of periods is the basis of historical narration so the historians should pay enough attention to the trivial styles.

The handmade troglodytic architecture is a distinctive kind of architecture, which does not require major construction materials and consequently very low environmental load since its creation is majorly by extraction of space rather than addition of mass. The Architecture by subtraction rather than addition provides many opportunities which calls for comprehensive research and analysis. As there is no obligatory method in making spaces rather than material cohesion, there is no priority in constructing a troglodytic structure, either from the roof or from the floor. Dealing with stone blocks, rocks and piles of earth requires variety of tools as ax, hammer, chisel, and sledgehammer in order to shape the interior space.
In Iran, many magnificent cases of this architecture have taken place in different regions due to its various climates. This unique architecture is at odds with the conventional settlement patterns and construction methods and is always can take advantage of the mountains and valleys on the floor or wall, which is a good way to control climate fluctuation in different regions. Kandovan, Hilehvar in Azerbaijan, Meimand in Kerman, Karaftu Cave in Kurdistan, the troglodyte underground dwellings in Sāmen of Malayer, Arzanfoud in Hamadan, and underground complex at Noosh-Abād, Kāshan, are among notable and outstanding instances of known troglodytic architectures in Iran.
This study investigates key factors in the formation of handmade troglodytic architecture as well as their functional implication spatially. Another significant goal in this study is exploring main factors in categorizing handmade troglodytic architectures in Iran. It is mainly based on firsthand field activities and surveys, in which there were multiple visits to a large number of historical ruins and settlements in different parts of Iran. A number of archaeological excavations in different sites including troglodytic underground architectural dwellings at the abovementioned sites were closely examined for this study which were earlier supported via library and document investigations. The chronology and the activity system of these settlements as well as their functional implications found to be an integral touchstone. Due to their different structure, traits and exclusiveness compared to the usual archaeological monads, the methods for excavating troglodytic structures are different from conventional methods used to excavate other sites.
Based on the findings, creation of handmade troglodytic architectural sites depends on several factors including climatic and geographical conditions, defense, security, durability, and religion, which were deeply tied with the cultural, political, social and economic circumstances. This architecture can be classified in various formal types in terms of their external form, internal space, and function (religious, tombs, residential, and shelter).

Iran's southern marginal border has hot humid climate with dry summers, which is one of the world's most critical climates. Therefore, attention to climatic components in architecture design process within this area is essential. Statistics between the years 2009 to 2011 show that Iran's oil consumption in 2009 has been 1.4 times and natural gas consumption 3.1 times that of global average; and about 42% of total final energy consumption has been allocated to households only. The statistics indicates that less attention is paid to climate architecture in Iran. Different climate classifications have been conducted toward Iran for the past 50 years, which have various results, based on different evaluation criteria. The most important classification employed in Iran is Koppen's method that introduces the four-macroclimate arenas in Iran which was introduced in 1979 by Mohammad Hasam Ganji. Another method, which has held in Iran and generally applied by architects in building climatic design, is the classification based on Givoni's comfort model introduced in 2003 by Morteza Kasmaee. This method introduces eight macroclimates and thirty-six microclimates. Koppen's method is one of the most known and applicable systems of climate classification around the world and is used internationally because of the comprehensible system of demarcation. Koppen-Trewartha method is a modification of Koppens system with non-structural changes, which is more convenient in application and more distinct in the margins of arid and non-arid regions. This complementary method as an accurate method in the studied region is more accurate in distinguishing tropical and semitropical regions. Koppen-Trewartha classification has six macroclimatic regions because Semi tropical groups are added to the koppen's classification. The evaluation criterion in tropical, subtropical, temperate, boreal and polar groups is temperature. In Trewartha system, for the sixth group, which is dry group, the evaluation criterion is amount of precipitation. Dry group cuts across four of the thermal zones. As might be expected, the five thermal groups have a strong zonal orientation; however, this is much less true of the dry group. In this method, Climate Classification is established on temperature and precipitation, where Givoni’s method is based on temperature and relative humidity and at the same time human comfort and building systems. Since the classification criteria in Koppen method is not architectural, it is always doubted whether this method is reliable in architectural decision-making. The objective of this research is to find the difference of results in these two methods with different evaluating criterions, in order to reduce the climatic decision-making errors. The method of analysis and resultant in this research is quantitative based; data gathering has done from statistical studies between years 1989-2008, derived from Iran metrological organization information’s in 2011. Data gathering about definition of boundaries in the studied systems of Koppen, Koppen-Trewartha and Givoni is conducted by use of theoretical studies. The present study will compare the mean of twenty years` statistics of temperature and precipitation of twenty-four synoptic stations, located in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf - Oman Sea and south foothill of Zagros Mountain, with definitions of boundaries in Koppen-Trewartha method, in order to classify the Stations. Thenceforth the mean of twenty years` statistics of temperature and relative humidity in mentioned stations, would be indicated in bioclimatic chart of Givoni considering the appointed comfort zones. The result will be two Separate Classifications to identify the differences and thresholds. This research indicates that in studied stations the regions that are not expected to be tropical based on their latitude, classified in that group by their special morphology. Although these areas have high temperature and relative humidity throughout summer time, they have lowest precipitation in this period; maximum of annually 67.5 cm in Izeh station in Khoozestan province situated in west of Iran and minimum of 10.1 cm in Konarak station in Sistan Baloochestan situated in east of Iran. Koppen-Trewartha climate classification represents two main climatic groups, the first is tropical wet-anddry type with dry summers and two desert and steppe subdivisions. The latter Group is subtropical type with hot and dry summers with two desert and steppe subdivisions. By Givoni's classification using building bioclimatic chart, also two main climatic groups can be distinguished in this zone. The same Stations are included in these two groups as in the two main groups of Koppen-trewartha classification, except for Bushehr Station, which in Givoni's Classification is included in the first Group. The results show Koppen- Trewartha classification has more accurate and detailed subdivisions in this region. By accommodating the results in both systems, nearly the same main groups were observed except for Bushehr station in Coastal areas of Persian Gulf, and then climatic decisionmaking in architecture using Trewartha edition of Koppen system in this region is reliable except for Bushehr station. For architectural decision-making, it is recommended to relocate the Bushehr station in climate classification upon Givoni’s thermal comfort model.

As an important subject in urban studies، city form corresponds to the spatial distribution of human activities in cities and is deeply influenced by urban management and physical and socio-economic characteristics. The main goal of this study is to provide a general perspective on the characteristics of city form in Iran through the evaluation and classification of their physical patterns. Attempts have also been made to analyze the potential associations between city forms and a number of selected physical and human variables. The main method utilized in this study is descriptive and the employed data comes from a variety of sources. Google Earth Pro images، results of Iran’s national censuses and Climatic Atlas of Iran are among the main data sources of this research. Q-square tests (x2) have been used to analyze the relationship among city form and selected variables. Only cities with over five thousands inhabitants، which include 689 cities، are examined in this research. During the past 50 years (1956-2006)، Iran’s urban population has increased from 6 million to over 48 million and the number of cities has soared from 200 to over 1000. Definitely، such an increase in the number of cities and their population has impacted the arrangement of human activities in urban areas which are reflected in different city forms. Main city forms in this study were classified into five categories. Our findings depict that 40. 2% of the cities have mixed، 29. 2% linear، 24. 3% iron grid، 4. 35% organic and finally 1. 9% radial patterns. Findings also indicated that 60% of the cities have predominantly continuous and 40% discontinuous physical growth pattern. Our data revealed a higher population growth rate for iron grid and linear city forms than that of organic، radial and mixed city forms. In terms of area size، while organic and linear cities، mostly tends to have smaller areas (less than 500 hectares)، iron grid radial and mixed cities mostly have larger areas. Like the size، organic and linear cities tend to have lower population density (ResultsFindings asserted a significant association between the city form and selected human and physical variables، like population size، growth rate، physical growth pattern، area size، density، elevation and climate type. The results were put in a suggested model that tries to describe urban forms in Iran. The major characteristics of this model can be summarized as follow: cities with organic pattern are related with small population and area size، continues physical growth، low growth rate and density and semi-arid and Mediterranean climate. Cities with liner pattern mainly correspond with small population and area size، but with discontinuous physical pattern، above average population growth rate، medium density، low altitude and Khazari climate. Urban areas with iron grid pattern، on the other hand، are mainly linked with medium population and area size، continuous physical growth، the highest population growth rate، medium and high density، altitude of over 1000 meter and predominantly arid and semi-arid climate. The radial pattern cities are mostly connected with large population and area size، continuous physical growth، average growth rate، high density، above 1000 meter altitude and mainly Mediterranean climate. Finally، mixed pattern cities are mainly correlated with combination of medium، large and very large population and area size، continuous physical growth، relatively lower population growth rate، average and high density، over 1000 meter altitude and a combination of Mediterranean، arid and semi-arid climate.

Mankind has always tried to find, manipulate and use the surrounding environment potentials to prepare a relatively comfortable place for his/her dwelling. In contemporary world, with respect to the existing hazards in relation to industries and development of the cities, and consequently overuse of energy, the architecture related to surroundings ()vernacular architecture)(for the sake of saving energy has gained a specific importance and has become the concern of various specialists and experts in architectural fields. Classificating and studying of various architecture at types can help us to better understanding its protection and accessibility to a variety of modern design that would be suitable for our global needs today. Troglodytic architecture is a kind of architecture which has drawn few attentions in professional organizations and academies. The mentioned architectural type has been used by our ancestors due to its thermal comfort, economical efficiency, safety against enemies and unsuitable climatic conditions. Troglodytic architecture for its diversity in various geomorphologies, natural settings and the possibility of different usage in various historical eras can be found in many shapes. It exists in a wide geographical spectrum. Based on the mentioned facts, for better understanding the differences and similarities of the type, classificating of different architecture-kinds is necessary. This article, which is a result of studying and analyzing many troglodytic architectural sites, is based on scientific methods. The objective of studying the available documents and many fieldworks is classifying this type of architecture and analyzing the various types and explaining their uniqueness. It became evident that in the recent years certain terminologies and classification had been created. In English language the term “man made cave” or troglodytic architecture, having root in French term “troglodytique” refers to a profound concept and meaning. Another existing term is “Rock architecture” which has been used in Iran (nowadays the “man made cave” term is more prevailing). Hand-carved architecture consists of all architectural creations that had been carved in mountains, rocks, hills or the earth. In conclusion, in relation to studying the architectural types, the results of this research show that in this type, the primary form of architecture is accessibility to a specific geomorphology (vertical or horizontal) and its functions are fundamental elements in creating such building and the specifications to their classification. Moreover, with reference to the existing classifications, their databases and diversities, the importance of troglodytic architecture had become a point of interest in many schools of thoughts. Evidently Iran holds many of this architectural type. At last, saving energy is an important element and has become the concern of various architects and experts in related fields. Researches showed that troglodytic architecture can widely be used as an alternative in buildings and structures, especially in accordance with saving energy, as well as protecting the natural landscapes.