جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Climatic Architecture » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The main topic of this study is to examine the architectural-climatic patterns of functional spaces in residential buildings native to the cold region of Iran. Thus, the research hypothesis is expressed as follows: there seem to be patterns for the climate Organization of functional space in residential buildings in cold regions of Iran. In order to determine the desired climate zoning, cities are divided into three climates-Dfa, dfb and dsa. Climate analysis of functional spaces has been carried out based on criteria related to physical proportions, characteristics related to the spatial organization, and characteristics related to environmental conditions. To achieve the research objective, clustering has been carried out in two cold climate ranges, as well as in the interclimate range. In clustering in the range between Dfa, dfb and dsa climates, the best number of clusters is 6, 3 and 8 respectively. The distribution map of the region's patterns shows that three identified House species are scattered throughout the region, but one of the weather patterns has been seen in all climates, has a larger number of repetitions and can be used as a pattern. An examination of the physical structure of functional spaces in this different climate zone shows that the design of functional spaces was formed or altered based on the climatic needs of each region. In this study the results of the climate analysis of houses in the cold regions can be described as follows: - Comparison of The Shape of the yard and the placement of several building masses on its sides shows that differences in seasonal conditions cause changes in residential use in the climate. - North-south orientation in cold weather shows that the placement of functional spaces in this climate is proportional to the direction of sunlight, and the North and West fronts have been considered in all homes due to weather issues, proper lighting and the use of the sun in the cold seasons of the year. - The dimensions of the openings in this climate area have been increased to use the thermal energy from sunlight. - The low ratio of the surface of the yard to the surface of the building mass in cold weather indicates the thermal need in the critical season (winter). - The large surface mass of the building in (north side) in cold weather indicates adaptation to seasonal conditions and the use of sunlight in the region's very cold and long winter. - The difference in height on the two different sides of the building in this climate indicates the importance of radiation to the surface of the northern side in cold weather and indicates the preservation of heat inside the building. Based on this and based on the results, the hypothesis of this research is deduced in the form of a theory and as follows: the climatic adaptation of functional spaces of houses in the cold region of Iran has shaped similar patterns of landmark houses in this climate Keyword: Functional spaces, residential buildings, climatic architecture, cold climate, climatic species

Native architecture of Iran is based on the influence of environmental and environmental factors caused by friendship with nature and associated with it. Also, climate as a factor has produced different architectural species in climatic regions, especially in the cold and dry climate. In this regard, the courtyard is one of the elements of local residential architecture that has a different climate structure in different regions under the influence of environmental conditions. The importance of this element is that as an essential element in architecture, it acts as a structure of relation with nature especially in traditional Iranian homes. The main issue in this study is the study of the yard position in the architecture of traditional climatic houses in the cold region of Iran. The results of this study are the study of physical structure and analysis of climatic criteria in the region of the cold region of Iran which has been presented in different regions in the region. Therefore, the number of 30 in the cold climate in selected cities is selected and analyzed by the K - mean clustering method. The results show that a unit structure is found in the model pattern in this climate, which has a substantial impact on the nature of ecology and ecology (light, air, plant species and relationship with nature). Comparison of courtyard forms and locating of some building blocks in different sides of it shows that seasonal conditions cause change in residential land use in both climate which aims to determine some kind of climatic adaptation. the large area of building massing in the facing side of the sun (side of the north) in the cold climate indicates the adaptation to seasonal conditions and the use of sunshine in winter is very cold and prolonged in this region: meanwhile, plant planting in this area shows the willingness to adapt to nature in the patterns in this climate.

Today’s world has been forced to perform actions based on the principles of sustainable development to compensate for the damage caused by industrialization and the mechanization of nature. However, In Iran, a country with an ancient civilization, ideas based on thoughtful interaction with nature had existed before the emergence of modernism. One of the effects of this interaction is the construction of buildings suitable for local climates without using fossil fuels for cooling and heating. This would result in environmental protection. Coping with the climate in the hot and dry desert regions of Iran has long been one of the most important concerns of Iranian architects. Iranian houses are one of the most durable Iranian buildings. Describing the architecture of the house has a wonderful meaning for everyone and they are aware of its important role in life. Since a significant amount of time in a human’s life is spent at home, thus energy consumption in this area is very thought-provoking. This survey aims to investigate the old houses of Kashan city from a climatic perspective and energy consumption. The study examines each space and compares the min terms of passive energy factors to identify climate-friendly designs and to save energy consumption in Kashan homes. In this survey, Kashan city was selected as a sample of a location with a hot and dry climate. The physical features of houses in this city were examined to understand how they deal with climatic conditions. The data associated with the characteristics of twenty historical houses were collected through field surveys and library and documentary studies. The descriptive and analytical method was examined after creating a questionnaire to achieve passive energy solution factors in selected samples. This article first describes and introduces the different features of each house in Kashan, such as courtyard, porch, types of chambers, basement, etc. Then an adaptation between these places and passive energy is done. In the next step, each of the components of passive energy is defined so that it can be used in contemporary architecture to optimize energy consumption. Like traditional architecture in this climate, houses can be designed by the climate with the current climate technology.

A fundamental look at the habitats and environment-friendly spaces of the past confirms that climatic sustainability was one of the main features of traditional houses. In the past, humans learned to adopt different strategies to improve the thermal performance of their living spaces, i.e., by creating intermediate spaces between open and closed spaces they were able to control indoor temperatures. The main function of verandas was climatic, which by means of shading play an important role in controlling indoor temperatures and creating thermal comfort. One of the main objectives of this paper is to study the climatic data and thermal performance of verandas with respect to their physical proportions. Three traditional buildings having verandas were selected at different geographical locations. The field climate data was collected using measuring instruments such as a thermo-pyrometer and a thermo-hygrometer and then validated using Envi-met and Bio-met simulation software to measure the PET thermal comfort index. The climatic data was weighted using correlation coefficients. Despite all correlating physical aspects of the courtyards, such as area, vegetation, pond, wall height and materials, it was observed that the reduction of the average radiant temperature in the courtyards and verandas improved thermal performances. There was a strong correlation observed between the average radiant temperature and the thermal comfort index in the three houses. Increase of the width of the veranda, increase of their facade opening area, increase of their elevation from the courtyard level, and increase in shading of the courtyard areas are the most effective factors improving the PET index and consequently reducing thermal stress. The resulting guidelines from this research will open a new window to retrieve the concepts of ancient patterns to help solve urban climatic problems.

In lack of modern equipment and as a result of limited income in villages¡ conceiving energy efficient resolutions for rural housing is a top priority. In recent years¡ the only rural buildings that can receive state loans are those with urban design and construction methods. The resulting housing style and construction methods are the cause of energy deficiency and construction cost increase on one hand and in the loss of vernacular identity and rural landscape on the other.
This article presents the results of research completed in the Housing Foundation of Islamic Revolution under the title of “Energy saving strategies in rural housing of Semnan Province”. Careful analysis of climatic strategies used in vernacular rural houses in Semnan province was done to uncover the conventional passive energy saving principals in rural setting. The results were accumulated through the information of 18 Semnan meteorology stations to recognize the climatic zones of this province. Field study data was gathered from 24 villages that were studied by The Housing Foundation. 40 villages were selected by the research group to clarify the climatic zones. The results of this research show three main climatic/architectural zones due to topographic diversity between Alborz Mountain and desert plain with special architectural characteristics of each zone. Design strategies¡ materials and construction methods used in rural housing of each climatic zone provide human thermal comfort in addition to the controlling of the harmful climatic conditions. These strategies cause energy saving and sustainability of natural resources and the ecology of the villages. While introducing these strategies¡ this article will also present the passive principals of climatic rural housing in these three zones.