جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Structural equation » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Today, with the rise of technology and the dramatic increase in mass communication, human definitions of psychological and cognitive issues have largely changed hands. Spatial identity is one of these concepts related to environmental sciences, particularly architecture and urban planning. The role of emotions and semantic relationships in shaping spatial identity is discussed and the effects of these include the creation of self-esteem and a sense of community. The identity of a place that has gradually developed over time will create an inextricable link between one's feelings and personal characteristics with the place in which one lives. The Second Pahlavi period was the beginning of the modern movement and the transformation of architectural styles into modern styles and presenting new patterns in it. This has led to the design and implementation of prominent and prominent architectural monuments, especially in residential architecture, which still has physical, semantic, and functional attractions after decades of implementation. In this regard and expressing the importance of spatial identity, this study seeks to read the citizens' mental perceptions of their spatial attachment based on the identity elements of the second Pahlavi era residential architecture. The main purpose of this research is to find out the mechanism and mechanisms that characterize the identity of the Pahlavi era residential architecture in the mind of today's citizens of Tehran. In other words, extracting the most critical mental paths of identity structures from these structures using structural equation modeling techniques is considered. To achieve this, the conceptual model of how to understand spatial attachment and spatial identity is explained and defined using a review of research literature and then by using a questionnaire survey method and equation modeling software. Structurally, this model has been examined. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, which is the main purpose of the analysis, investigation of the mechanism, and mechanism of formation of attachment to residential buildings of the second Pahlavi period. Data collection was done through both documentary and quantitative survey, using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of the present study were used by SPSS and Smartpls software using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the most critical path in shaping the factors related to spatial attachment in the buildings under consideration is in terms of perceptions of Tehranian citizens, the path of functional perceptions of Pahlavi architecture-spatial dependence-spatial identity-spatial attachment. Moreover, based on these findings, it seems that the first step in understanding the monuments in question is their functional properties, which in turn will influence the place-dependency factor in their mental imagery, and later stages of formation. Identity and place attachment lead. Therefore, it seems that efficiency and performance and meeting the expectations and needs of these buildings are the most important factors in creating the related variables of identity and attachment in citizens. The second path that has led to the formation and creation of spatial attachment in Tehranian citizens in the buildings under study is the semantic path of Pahlavi architecture-cultural capital-social understanding of Pahlavi architecture-spatial identity-spatial attachment.

New Urbanism is the most influential planning trend of the twentieth century. It is an international movement to improve the man-made environment, enhance living conditions, and make the world a better place. However, it is required to give a method and identify the effective components for the extent to which urban areas experience the New Urbanism model, as well as provide relevant intervention solutions to implement this approach, which has been discussed less frequently up to the present point. This study's objective is to assess the applicability of new urbanism parameters to the sustainability of representative urban areas in Ilam's central neighborhood. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the questionnaire is the primary data-gathering instrument. This study's statistical population was comprised of city managers and academic experts in urban planning from Ilam city, who were selected through the purposeful sampling technique (100 people). In this study, 26 indicators were employed in the form of four primary factors: pedestrianization, housing, tradition, and management. One-sample T-tests and other statistical tests in SPSS software, as well as a structural equation model in SmartPLS software, were utilized to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that the analyzed indicators are not in an excellent state; rather, certain components are below average and in poor conditions, which indicates that these indicators have not been given attention in urban administration. The pedestrian index has the highest average compared to other measures, with a mean of 1.3. The other indicators like management with a mean of 2.5 and housing with a mean of 2.6 have the lowest average. The results of the structural equation model indicate that the four components of this study account for 45% of the stability of New Urbanism in the urban areas of Ilam. The research variables that have the greatest impact on infill development are the proximity of service centers to stations, the quality of sidewalks, and the combination of diverse classes of people, with values of 0.93, 0.81, and 0.75, respectively

The weakening nature of the place is one of the most important challenges facing contemporary cities. The contemporary citizen faces spaces without meaning and identity that have not yet turned into places. This is more important in new urban settlements, due to the lack of historical, identity, and existence backgrounds. The subject of this case study, the Qods district, located in the city of Qom, Iran, which suffers from disturbances in various aspects, is an example of new urban developments that require attention. The purpose of this research is to measure and analyze the importance of the components of the sense of place in the Qods district, to answer the following questions: What are the indicators of achieving a sense of place in the Qods district as a new urban development? How can one evaluate the effects of each component of the sense of place on the Qods settlement residents?

Theoretical Framework:

The term sense of place denotes people’s attachment and relation to the place, or the structure of feeling, as some have put it (Agnew, 1987, cited in Arefi, 1999: 180). Experts have held relatively similar viewpoints regarding the components of the sense of place and its indicators. In large part, most of these opinions have confirmed the physical environment, activity, and perception as the three main components. According to Shamai (1991), the sense of place consists of three phases. The first phase concerns belonging to a place, the middle phase is attachment to a place, and the final phase is commitment to a place (Shamai, 1991: 349). Hummon (1992) describes five levels of the sense of place, or place attachment, as follows: uncommitted placelessness, relativity, place alienation, divided rootedness, and cohesive rootedness (Cross, 2001: 10). As a result of the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of sense of place, numerous experts and schools of thought have offered various perspectives that can be said to have a lot of similarities and few differences. Different experts such as sociologists, geographers, environmental psychologists, anthropologists, architects, and urban planners have addressed the concept of sense of place in different ways in their studies. Among the numerous kinds of research conducted in different countries in the past half-century, most of the academic studies have been focused on conceptual analysis and formulation of theoretical models on the one hand and on evaluation of this category in different scales on the other.

This research was conducted through a mixed paradigm and a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection tools were library-documentary studies, and the population included 245 residents of the Qods district. The data analysis tools involved two descriptive and inferential analyzes using the statistical methods of Structural Equation Modeling and Pearson correlation test, implemented in the SPSS 23 and Amos Graphics 26 software. The conceptual model of this research consisted of 3 main components, i.e. form, activity, and perception, 12 indicators, and 45 sub-indices.

The results obtained from the second-order factor analysis model in this research indicate which of the components affecting the sense of place in the residents of the Qods district has a greater weight and effect in the induction of this concept to the residents. Based on the research findings, among the 3 identified components, 12 indicators, and 45 relevant sub-indicators, the functional-activity, perceptual-semantic, and physical-visual components, in that order, exhibit greater weights in the evaluation of the sense of place from the perspective of the Qods district inhabitants. Among the variables observed in the assumed model of this research, the factors of invitation, social participation, motivation, land use, and activity have greater weights in the specification of the residents’ sense of place. Moreover, the correlation between the conceptual components of the research indicates that there is a significant relationship between the three components of the sense of place in the residents of the Qods district. Furthermore, the measurement of the fitness of the conceptual model of the research, according to the indicators of structural equations, demonstrates that the model is desirable.

The following can be stated in response to the first research question as the indicators of achieving a sense of place in the Qods district as a new urban development: indicators of identity and authenticity, motivation, and mental image (in the perceptual-semantic component), indicators of land use and activity, accessibility, urban furniture, invitation, social participation, and safety-security (in the functional-activity component), and indicators of visual coherence, construction form, and visual richness (in the physical-visual component). In response to the second research question, the greater importance and weight of the functional-activity component than the perceptual and visual components indicates that if urban management pays more attention to the residents’ functional and social needs, the indicators of this component, as the most important factor in the induction of a sense of place, will have a greater impact. Moreover, the inferential analysis of the structural equation modeling in the evaluation of the indicators confirms that many indicators have received less attention in the Qods district, while these indicators can be effective on the residents’ continuity and satisfaction, their sense of attachment to the place of residence, and fulfillment of their mental expectations.

Urban neighborhoods are a suitable context to form sustainable social relationships and increase trust and social participation. With the development of cities and fundamental changes in the lifestyles of residents, we are faced with widespread changes and even disconnections in close relationships. For this, the concept of social capital in local communities can be effectively employed for improving sustainable social development and quality of life.
The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions of social capital and quality of life at the level of urban neighborhoods and to measure the mutual effects between social capital and quality of life in the two neighborhoods of Sultan Mir-Ahmad and Fin in Kashan. This is an applied research using combinatorial data analysis (qualitative literature analysis and quantification methods). Multi-stage sampling was used and data was gathered through questionnaires. The t-test, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling were used to assess the hypotheses.
The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between all dimensions of social capital with those of quality of life. The most effective dimension of social capital on quality of life is the trust index (0.85), while the most effective dimension of quality of life on social capital is the environmental health index (0.88). Therefore, by improving trust as the most effective social capital index, it is possible to improve the quality of life in urban neighborhoods, and by improving environmental health indicators that improve quality of life in urban neighborhoods it is possible to the optimal social capital. The mutual effects of the dimensions of social capital and quality of life can be used to regenerate rich capital and better quality of life in urban neighborhoods.

Based on the extent and diversity of architectural heritage in the world, protection and improvement of all aspects of a balance and at the same time is impossible. Therefore, planning should be a priority and recognize the necessity of objective logic based adoption as a decision criterion in the interventions carried out. This requires active cooperation of senior officials from various countries and environmental groups and organizations will be responsible for the maintenance and preservation of the cultural heritage of nations. The early twentieth century designers and manufacturers to cope with the devastating effects of the earthquake were willing to use reinforced concrete and steel. Because they feel they do not have earthquake load bearing masonry structures. New building regulations designed to challenge new perspective on historical masonry structures and calls. By nneglect the lack of effort and lack of support in the preservation, protection and improvement of ancient architectural monuments are protected. In this regard, many problems in the field of preservation and rehabilitation of historic buildings as the following can occur: 1) Structural issues and system performance monuments bearing structure malicious agents disintegrative 2) Problems earthquakes, seismic and vibration tolerance zone for the establishment of the monument 3) Injuries and burnout and lack of structural elements of historical buildings 4) Holding the repair of technology and technical knowledge and strength of the structure, the architecture and facilities 5) Promoting afford protection issues and prevention of structural damage in the earthquake of 6) The necessity of strength and improvement of components exposed to disintegration and destruction of historic structures 7) Continuous detection and evaluation of deformations and cracking and failure of expansive 8) Evaluation of performance analysis and modeling and estimation of the possible collapse of historic buildings at risk of collapse 9) Issues, documentation and collection of historical documents of the past and description of interventions and classification of items to retrieve 10) The lack of knowledge of the components of historic structures such as foundations, walls and columns, domes and arches, ceilings and floors, minarets 11) The difficulty in making decisions on procedures such as insulation, injection, sewing, coating, increasing cross-pods and the replacement 12) The difficulty in identifying signs of wear such as spines, Sedimentation, rich exotic, infestation, fading out and cracking 13) The difficulty in diagnosis of mechanical failure (axial, shear, bending, and torsion), chemical agents (salts and acidic and alkaline solutions), physical factors (heat, cold, moisture, thawing and freezing, and drying) and especially to agent’s earthquake vibration and impacts associated with it These problems, along with the need to preserve its authenticity and identity valuable works of architecture can be important for decision making and planning and restoration interventions have doubled. Failure, preventive measures (in conservation) and restoration measures (to improve the quality of buildings) must be provided. Such as ICOMOS intervention operations carried out in accordance with valid instructions. In other words, historical monuments effects of light, heat, humidity and vibration is compatible with performances by tapping them. Historic buildings in different climatic conditions during the summer and winter are common-use conditioner, but the problem lies in the way the traditions and culture of historic buildings as sustainable building tradition, learning from past lessons Such an active workshop training today's conventional technology for designers to fit in a positive sense and practice body architecture optimizes the relationship with the environment is correct for inspiration. Therefore, should adequate assessment of places and historical monuments and valuable enough attention to the risks and structural diversity of these monuments, interventions, planning, safety precautions, with timely assistance and financial capability to absorb appropriately recorded by supportive policies of the architectural heritage, in compliance with the technical guidelines and building codes; We can emergency measures and immediate, short-term and long-term protection and improvement regulate retrofitting. Geometric characteristics, context and connections between elements and components, the physical, chemical and mechanical material consumption, especially composite materials, the mechanical behavior of the complex and static loading, moving and seismic, especially the quantity and quality of masonry mortar consumption the underlying tissue and shear strength, compressive elements and details of the building, great importance in analyzing the vulnerability of historical structures, design of seismic retrofit and improve the stability of such buildings are affected. Apart from the pattern of vulnerability to the damage of such buildings when attending urban high-density tissue should be sufficient attention. We must tolerate extreme pressure and seismic survey of such buildings in terms of speed, acceleration and displacements resulting in structural members and materials used in historic buildings, assessment creep, consolidation orientation and meeting considered historical structures. Thus the masonry buildings affected by the devastating earthquakes in order to learn lessons for the future and gaining enough attention have to be paid. Of course, the connections and how to lock and dam masonry structures in seismic behavior of their members effectively. Even ornamentation and extensions to observe proper connections of structural members is effective in improving the seismic response. Defects or violation of the provision aims to protect, preserve, strengthen and restored Iran historic buildings of brick, index performance failure in the preservation of valuable architectural heritage of Iran's structural interventions. The problem of lack of integrity essential component of this building that is incompatible physical form, function, and technology is considered. Before any action with study and analysis of this valuable and precious; their architectural heritage compatible with the natural elements of the harm caused by natural factors have survived. Therefore inefficient and damaging some unnecessary interventions in the rehabilitation process, lack of codified rules, lack of awareness and lack of appropriate design patterns for efficient seismic protection and rehabilitation of historic structures will gain significantly. The present study sought to discover a pattern consistent with the seismic stability of buildings against earthquake risks specific to the Iranian plateau. For this purpose, the physical geometrical characteristics of historical buildings earthquake-prone areas of sustainable of brick medium and high relative earthquake acceleration were studied. With the overall historical standing of brick buildings of quantitative and qualitative characteristics and to determine the origin of the seismic context, physical dimensions of width, length, height and the calculation of the geometric proportions relative to the percentage of relative walls; the raw data acquired are research. The criteria for evaluation of the technical regulations 2800 earthquake in Iran, the world such as charters and regulations valid; FEMA, CHBC, ISCARSAH, ICOMOS, ICCOROM have been considered and analyzed by SPSS assess the reliability and validity of the data took place. SEM was model for seismic structural stability. Explaining the factors affecting the final structural equation model: the potential impact of seismic damage as the independent variable, dependent variable operating a direct effect on seismic resistance and seismic resistance through indirect factors as mediator; evaluation of the fitness measure direct and indirect relationships between those factors was performed and the seismic stability of historical buildings of brick and fitness with perfect reliability was adequate. This study can evaluate the criterion regulations, seismic design, seismic retrofitting and structural interventions Iran is of brick Iranian monuments.