جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « community development » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Community is one of the most important and fundamental aspects in physical divisions in cities which is considered the oldest heritage of urbanization. It has played important role in spatial and physical structure of the city in the past, but today the structure and functions of communities of the city has mostly changed, community networks and physical and social spaces have been destroyed causing many problems for cities including destruction of social relationships, migration of native inhabitants in historical communities, the decrease of people’s community participation, increase of crimes, physical and infrastructural problems, and insecurity. These problems are only a small part of problems related to lack of attention to community development in urban studies systems. Development of city programming in its evolution and using development of city programming in community development format and programmers’ attention to social problems instead of considering common approaches which emphasize physical problems have caused greater attention being paid to urban communities and local societies compared to the past. In this way, considering urban communities as one of the principal units of urban programming and studying its capacities was the fundamental and important priority in many countries to recognize and count abilities of local societies. Furthermore, community can be considered one of the most important arms of urban growth. Therefore, a deeper understanding of community development system and bridging the existing gap can lead to better understanding by planners in making the right decisions. On the other hand, social trust is a critical issue for human societies with fundamental links to community development. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between social trust with community development in the Fahadan community of Yazd. Because of physical, cultural and social values and identity in communities in general and in historical communities specifically programming can be very important. The methodology of this research in terms of aim is applicable- developmental and in terms of the nature and method is descriptive – analytical. The used tool was a questionnaire that was analyzed in SPSS and Amos softwares. The results show that there is a direct and significant relationship between social trust and community development. Moreover, Standardized Beta coefficient in institutional trust variables by a factor of (307/0 = β), interpersonal trust by a factor of (185/0 = β), generalized trust by a factor of (158/0 = β) and self-confidence environment with beta coefficient (103/0 = β) have the largest share in explaining community development. Structural equation modeling results show that by increasing social trust, community development components should also increase. Finally, according to research components some recommendations were presented and the obtained results of the studies were compared with existing studies. It was found that the findings was propounded by Ziari et al and similar to Madani’s research.

Land use planning as an important part of planning that has taken place in the form of development projects and sometime influenced by other forces, has affected neighborhoods after increasing development of cities and neighborhoods. During this process, some neighborhoods have been developed and some have been declined. Following new developments and in response to their problems, different theories and opinions have been proposed in which sustainable community development has been considered seriously in recent years. One of the most critical and challenging discussions with sustainable community development is energy debate. Due to important role of land use layout in sustainability of neighborhoods, energy consumption and land use planning approach to sustainable neighborhood development thereof, and with emphasis on efficient use of energy, can protect and enhance the level of sustainability in different neighborhoods. This study attempts to clarify the concept of neighborhood sustainable development especially in field of efficient energy consumption and its relation to land use planning. Daroos among other neighborhoods was chosen because it is one of Tehran's northern neighborhoods, which has been developed through a predetermined plan. The research method is analytic. To analyze the collected data (using questionnaires, field studies, information from relevant organizations and etc.), the qualitative, quantitative methods and analytic relevant softwares, including GIS (Geographic Information System), Likert spectrum and etc, have been used. In the section of analysis, critera and sub- criteria derived from theoretical framework are weighted using AHP tools and expertise; therefore arrangement of land uses in the neighborhood with an approach to energy consumption in the current situation, are analyzed. According to results of the analysis, options for land use planning in the neighborhood are offered. Then considering the criteria check list method and effects on energy consumption and according to the criteria and sub- criteria framework, options are evaluated. As a result, superior option for land use planning in line with sustainable neighborhood development, with emphasis on energy efficiency in the specified neighborhood is selected. Questions in prepared questionnaire are based on some sub-criteria for land use planning in order to optimize energy consumption, which directly associated with different age range residents, have been set and according to Likert spectrum, responses have been provided. Number of questionnaires based on the Cochrane formula is calculated (96 questionnaires) and randomly, in several parts of neighborhood have been completed. The results of this study demontrate that some sub-criteria such as land use diversity, appropriate public transit stop coverage radius, optimum residential density, nonresidential density, neighborhood unit centers, and etc., are in favorable conditions. However, in order to develop land use planning with an approach to efficient energy consumption in Daroos, it is imperative to improve some sub-criteria, such as dynamic neighborhood activity center, access to basic services, parking lots near public transport stops, standard green area per capita and etc., which are not in desirable conditions. Considering theoretical framework, acquaintance with Daroos neighborhood and the upstream projects, a land use plan was developed and presented as a result of this study.

At community-based development planning، vision of planning and management from below to up and based on empowerment and approach of asset – based with emphasis on human source، social capital and social participation of habitants of sections. On this direction، researcher considered Robert Putnam approach to social asset and measured it in selected sections in Tehran (five community: Gisha، Yaft abad، Saheb zaman، Farhangian، Sadeghiye) and amount tendency to community-based development on basis Review literature had quantitative. The axis of this research is survey social capital and tendency to community based development planning and direct and strong correlation between these variations had confirmed. On basis of results this research، when social capital of one community rises، tendency to community based development rises. On basis presented model of this research، social capital is good predictor for explanation tendency of people to community-based development planning. With consider to this results، could been resulted: If community based development planning policy as essential strategy in direction sustainable development of city and restructure joy to city society، had been emphasized by authorities of city، If authorities will consider to community-based development planning (on new standard city development)، in first Authorities must consider to social capital and influence factors on forming it in city and section and with good fundamental، provided backgrounds for improvement it.