جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « space layout » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the configuration and spatial organization in the plan of historical schools of Islamic-Iranian architecture and compare it with new schools in terms of interconnectedness, depth (spatial influence), connection and accessibility.

The research method is descriptive-analytical with logical argumentation and deductive reasoning, as well as simulation with the use of Depth-map software. As case studies, Chaharbagh, Sadr Bazar and Sadr Khajo schools have been selected as historical educational buildings with a high arrangement and integration and uniform configuration, and Saadi and Setare Sobh schools with linear organization have been selected as contemporary educational buildings.

In Chaharbagh, Sadr Khajo and Sadr Bazar schools, they have the most spatial influence. The factor of difference in these schools is close to one which shows high spatial integration and the same configuration. We can also mention the connection between open space and education. The yard has the most access and is the heart of the configuration. After that, porches and cells have the least amount of access. In contemporary schools, the connection is less than in traditional schools. It can be seen in the combination of entrance, corridor and classroom spaces.

The analysis of the plans and the outlines of the schools from the past to the present shows the changing factors have a great impact on the of difference and the distance from the case study one, which indicates change in organization, the reduction of spatial integration and uneven configuration.

The evolution of architectural style in the first three periods of Qajar and Pahlavi in the part of plan reading and spatial arrangement influenced by Western and European culture has led to a change in the shape pattern of mass-space from introversion to extroversion and the removal of some functional elements of the space and the central courtyard. In this article, an attempt has been made to explain the gradual changes of the space arrangement system by selecting a number of historical buildings of residential houses in the city of Tehran in the Qajar and First Pahlavi periods. The research method is inductive-comparative and analytical according to the statistical community and sampling method (targeted non-random) and the investigation components. The results of the research show that the changes in architectural style and culture influenced by Western countries and Europe in the second Qajar period to the first Pahlavi period, which is imitative to eclectic modeling, have led to the compilation of Tehrani architectural style and also caused the gradual removal of the central courtyard and Increasing attention to the middle space and the symmetrical layout system compared to the central axis and eliminating the outer space and paying only attention to the inner space and also trying to separate the arena of private space.

Architecture in commercial spaces plays an imperative role in potential success. Functional efficiency in the interior spaces of commercial centers is one of the most important criteria that guarantee the success of commercial complexes from an economic point of view. The distribution of interior spaces, taking into account the relationship between them, is one of the factors affecting the spatial configuration characteristics of commercial centers and their functional efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate how space organization of commercial centers, intermediate spaces can improve the functional efficiency of the complex. The statistical population in this study is three commercial centers in Qazvin, which have been studied based on two variables "location" and "occupancy rate" of mid-spaces. The measurement tool for analyzing the performance of commercial centers is the spatial syntax technique. In this field, spatial relations have been studied by using graphs, mathematical relations and space syntax software. The strategy used in the research will be quantitative. By evaluating the obtained information, a suitable model was obtained to determine the position of the mid-spaces in order to improve the functional efficiency of commercial centers and increase the social communication of users. Findings of the research indicate that the research can be an effective guide in the process of designing business centers and explain the effective factors in order to analyze the social logic governing these centers.

Reading the space organization of selected commercial centers based on the position of the mid-space in the city of Qazvin based on the space syntax technique. Explaining the optimal model in terms of how the mid-spaces in commercial centers are located in order to improve the functional efficiency of the complex.

Research questions:

How can the element of mid-space as one of the main elements in the physical-spatial structure of commercial centers affect the improvement of its functional efficiency? Considering the two indicators of "occupancy level" and "location" of mid-space in commercial centers, which mid-space pattern creates a more appropriate functional efficiency?

In addition to their objective, overt aspects, different spaces have subjective, covert dimensions, which cannot be inferred simply through analysis of their physical structures. These features, which are classified as cognitive features of space, are largely influenced by the space users’ types and methods of perception of space. You receive part of the environment information via presence in the space and with the help of your sensory abilities. Depending on your needs and motivations, some of the information is perceived by your mental system, and recognition is ultimately achieved through analysis of the perceived information and their registration in mind. Thus, mental or cognitive maps are formed for you, which in turn result from transformation of an objective entity into a subjective one, on which basis your mental image of an environment takes shape. These cognitive maps are largely dependent on the values, beliefs, memories, aspirations, etc. of people who use an environment. Therefore, it can be argued that people have different types of perception of the environment. Therefore, the quality of the objective and subjective features is effective in space users’ cognition and perception of the environment, and they utilize one or both of these perceptions to evaluate the environment. Moreover, the physical quality of the space is effective on its recognition, which turns recognition of the structural features effective in identification of space into another aspect of the significance of this research. Therefore, the present research sought to investigate the cognitive and perceptual aspects of a traditional market as a case study by evaluating the perceptual quality of the environment using Gestalt psychology and analyzing the system of spatial configuration using space syntax and to analyze the space users’ spatial-cognitive behavior in the relatively complex environment. After the factors required by both theories were introduced, the process of analysis began. On the syntactic analysis side, the market map was loaded in the software environment, and the market was analyzed using the values of factors such as the cone of vision, spatial depth and integrity, and spatial accessibility and quality. On the cognitive analysis side, the method of drawing cognitive maps was used for extraction of the Gestalt factors. Therefore, the research population was asked to enter the market through a specific entrance and draw their mental images of its structure in the croquis format after traveling around the market for thirty minutes. After data were collected using both methods, the obtained findings were analyzed and compared. The results of the research indicated that several objective and subjective factors are effective, either at the same time or with some prioritization with respect to each other, in proper wayfinding in spaces, particularly unfamiliar and less familiar ones. Moreover, the results obtained from the syntactic analysis of an environment are in some cases consistent with those of its cognitive analysis, and they contrast in other cases, depending to a great extent on the spatial features of the environment and the elements used in it. Accordingly, a traditional market in Iran was selected for a case study, and people’s spatial behavior in the urban space with a relatively complex structure and their perception thereof was analyzed. Therefore, the questions of the research are as follows. Which configuration features of a market are perceived and considered more closely by users? How do different people—particularly those who are unfamiliar or less familiar with the space—find or, in other words, choose the ways to their destinations in the market?