جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اختلالات اسکلتی-عضلانی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are one of dentists’ most common occupational health problems. Human error is considered one of the critical factors of medical error. Musculoskeletal abnormality due to inappropriate work postures and mental workload are two important causes of human error in dental operations. Hence, this study investigates dentists’ mental workload and the incidence of skeletal-muscular disorders.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Shahid Shukri Dental Hospital in 2021. The sampling was done via the targeted sampling method and 42 individuals were included in the study. The NASA task load index and the Nordic questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software, version 26, at the significance level of 0.05.

The average percentage of disorders were as follows: Neck area=30.1%, left shoulder=11.76%, right shoulder=13.74%, right elbow=9.23%, left elbow=6.56%, right wrist=28%, left-hand wrist=25.06%, upper back area=20.1%, waist=13.8%, hip and thigh=17.1%, knee=26% and ankle=23.46%. Age and work experience had a significant relationship with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (P<0.05). The effort component with a Mean±SD of 74.95±22.16 received the highest score and discouragement with a Mean±SD of 49.92±26 got the lowest score compared to other components. The central sterilization department, with a mean of 67.41±24.86, exhibited a higher mental workload than other departments. In contrast, the admission department, with a mean of 50.72±26.59, reported a lower mental workload than other cases. 

Musculoskeletal disorders are related to workload and work capacity. Creating suitable working conditions, providing more training programs to employees, and strengthening their mental workload capacity can help prevent occupational injuries in the workplace.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are becoming increasingly prevalent as a source of occupational disability injuries. Musculoskeletal disorders in midwives are a major concern, as midwifery is one of the professions with a high risk of occupational diseases, in addition to risk factors such as awkward posture, repetition of movements, heavy workload, fatigue, and stress, are also dependent on individual-organizational factors, which can be caused by occupational tensions and may lower the quality of care provided to mothers and newborns. Because there is little research in this field, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among midwives working in public and private hospitals in Sari City, as well as the influence of related risk factors on it.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 (summer) among midwives working in public and private hospitals in Sari City as a census. 193 workers in maternity wards were chosen, with having more than one year of experiencea nd the exclusion being a history of musculoskeletal disorders. The data collection tool included a demographic and organizational information collection form, the Cornell musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire. This questionnaire looks at 12 body areas and the frequency, severity, and impact of discomfort on work abilities throughout the previous working week. Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software, descriptive statistics, chi-square, and independent t-tests at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean and standard deviation of the age and work history of the studied subjects were 35.60±7.74 and 10.42±6.84, respectively. Analysis of the frequency of musculoskeletal problems revealed that the most commonly affected areas were the wrists, shoulders, lower back, and neck. Meanwhile, 79.4% of people have experienced discomfort in at least one of the various organs. In terms of the amount of pain, the highest average pain sensation among participants was reported the highest average pain intensity at night (40.7%). Based on the results, the highest prevalence of MSDs was found in the neck region (58.4%), followed by the lower back (57.6%), shoulder (53.9%), and then one or both wrists (51%). Also, the average age and history of midwives with MSDs had a significant relationship (P<0.05).

The current study found that the majority of midwives felt pain and discomfort in at least one part of the musculoskeletal system. Also, the highest rate of musculoskeletal disorders was in the neck, waist, and shoulder, respectively, which indicates the high prevalence of disorders in the upper limbs. The study's analytical investigations revealed an effective relationship between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and demographic and work-related variables. As a result, to improve working conditions and reduce musculoskeletal disorders in midwives, specialized ergonomics

In the last decade in Iran, the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort among office workers has been reported in the neck, back, and shoulder areas. The present study aimed to assess the impact of ergonomic interventions in knowledge-based companies on musculoskeletal disorders, work-related stress, and quality of work life.

In this quasi-randomized controlled trial study, the participants, including 311 office workers, received ergonomic interventions at both individual and managerial levels.

The implementation of individual ergonomic training interventions significantly reduced disorders in the neck, right and left shoulders, right forearm, and right wrist. Social support also demonstrated a significant increase in all three intervention groups. The interventions had a significant impact on the quality of working life. The changes in the mean quality of working life for the second and third groups in the first month of growth were significant and then continued similar to the trend of the control group.

The implementation of individual ergonomic training interventions significantly reduced musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulders, and upper limbs. Nonetheless, management training interventions did not affect the musculoskeletal disorders of employees. Furthermore, concurrent implementation of individual ergonomics and management interventions exerted a more pronounced effect on the reduction of disorders. The implementation of management educational interventions and combined interventions led to a marked increase in the level of control experienced by participants, while both types of social support interventions also increased. The implementation of a multi-component ergonomics intervention program was demonstrated to enhance the impact of interventions on employees' health and productivity.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the main health problems among health care providers. This study aims to determine Job responsibilities and risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the hospital employees of one of the largest hospitals in Zahedan.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 staff in one of the largest hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v19 and univariate logistic linear modeling, in addition to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

The highest average pain score was related to the back(21/10±26/19). Neck pain was more prevalent in people over 40 years old(50%). Women were 4.9 times more likely to experience neck pain than men, and the possibility of back pain in individuals older than 40 years was 2.2 times higher than in those younger than 30. Furthermore, participants with more than 20 years of work experience were 5/4 times more likely to develop knee pain than those working for 5 years and less. There was a significant difference between pain scores in different positions among the hospital staff(p=0/003).

The results of the present study demonstrated that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among nurse assistants, women, elderly people and those with more work experience was higher than other employees, and it is necessary to design and implement targeted and specific interventions to reduce these disorders for different groups in hospitals.

Musculoskeletal disorders and associated pains are represent significant and prevalent factors contributing to occupational injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of online upper cross syndrome-based exercises and the posture retraining on pain, disability, fatigue, and mental workload of experienced by dentists in Shahrekord city.

A total of 33 dentists were selected as the statistical sample and randomly assigned to three groups including, control (n = 11), Online National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) based corrective exercises (n=11), and posture retraining (n=11) groups. Baseline assessments were conducted, and outcomes were examined immidietly after the interventions. The experimental groups underwent the study interventions for six weeks, while the control group maintained their regular daily activities during this period. Primary outcome measure was pain, and secondary measures included disability, perceptual fatigue, mental workload, and quality of life. Within-group comparisons were analyzed using paired sample t-tests, and between-group comparisons utilized one-way analysis of variance.

The results indicated that both exercise interventions positively affected pain, disability, perceptual fatigue, mental workload, and quality of life among dentists (P<0.05). Notably, correction of the upper crossed syndrome demonstrated a more significant effect compared to the posture retraining intervention (P<0.05).

The utilization of online NASM-based corrective exercises and posture retraining could have positive effects in reducing pain and disability and also improving the overall performance of dentists.

Cargo workers at Ahvaz Airport in Ahvaz, Iran are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate their carrying out tasks and postures.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the census method was used to select 21 cargo workers in Ahvaz Airport. Task analysis was carried out by Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Quick Exposure Check (QEC). Moreover, the Manual Handling Assessment Charts were used to evaluate the manual load. The tools employed in this study included observation, photography, and a Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (CMQD) questionnaire. Statistical calculations were performed in SPSS (version 16) and Spearman's correlation coefficient for the variables.

Each of the cargo workers of Ahvaz airport moves an average of 400 bags per shift. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and the variables of age, height, and Body Mass Index with values of 0.002, 0.005, and 0.003, respectively. The QEC method was used to observe the worst postures with a numerical score between 50 and 70, which were related to the standing posture at the flat roller and the sitting posture in the aircraft cargo. The examination of the CMQD questionnaire revealed that 61.6%, 65%, and 62% of diseases were related to shoulder, arm, and back, respectively.

After job analysis by the HTA method and evaluation of the results through the QEC method, it was determined that loading and arranging luggage in the cart and cargo were the most risky tasks. Both the MAC and QEC methods also indicated the necessity of an immediate change in the process of moving luggage.

Pre-hospital emergency workers who are responsible for providing essential pre-hospital medical services are exposed to physical and mental disorders. Since musculoskeletal disorders can be affected by work-related stress and fatigue, the present study aimed to assess the relationship of work-related stress and fatigue with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in pre-hospital emergency workers in Saveh.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023. A total of 88 personnel of urban and road pre-hospital emergency centers in Saveh were included in the study by the census method. Data collection tools were the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20, and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Poisson regression, and Pearson correlation coefficients.

The most common areas involved in musculoskeletal disorders were back (34.1%; n=30), neck (19.3%; n=17), and upper back (19.3%; n=17). Moreover, mean scores of work-related stress and work fatigue were 113.52±4.09 and 62.95±5.06, respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders showed a significant relationship with marital status, workplace, age, work experience, and number of working hours (P≤0.05). Nonetheless, there was no significant relationship between work-related stress and work fatigue (P=0.28), musculoskeletal disorders and work-related stress (P=0.93), as well as musculoskeletal disorders and work fatigue (P=0.44).

The prevalence of skeletal-muscular disorders was relatively high, and considering that these disorders are more frequently observed in married people and those who work on the road, training should be provided to these workers according to their place of work. The risk of developing skeletal-muscular disorders increases with age and work experience. Therefore, it is necessary to take precautions in this regard. Furthermore, since skeletal-muscular disorders increase with an increase in working hours, it is necessary to adjust working hours and avoid long shifts.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the common problems in most work environments and work ability is considered a factor affecting the performance and productivity of employees. In the present study, the status of these two components and their relationship with each other in the staff working in the operating room were investigated.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter of 2023. In this research, 96 employees working in the operating rooms of government hospitals in Hamadan, Iran were enrolled by census sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. The data were collected through the Nordic standard questionnaire and the work ability index questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) at two levels of descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (t-test) statistics.

In this study, 4 (4.2%) of the participants had one musculoskeletal disorder and the remaining 91 personnel (95.8%) had more than one disorder in their musculoskeletal systems. Average work ability index was 42.3±04.91. The results of the independent t-test showed that the work ability index among people with pain in the neck (P=0.003), shoulders (P=0.001), elbows (P=0.038), back (P=0.011), knees (P=0.001), and legs (P=0.002) were less than those without pain in these organs.

Results indicated the need to pay more attention to the implementation of ergonomic work environment and management interventions to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and thereby increase the efficiency and effectiveness of personnel.

Work-related musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are the most significant challenges in both developing and developed countries, affecting the majority of individuals throughout their lives. Considering the detrimental effects of musculoskeletal disorders on the productivity and general health of employees, this research utilizes the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire (CMDQ) to develop an intelligent model for assessing and predicting the levels of musculoskeletal disorders.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 810 employees from five organizations (in four occupational categories, including administrative, technical, production, and services) completed the CMDQ voluntarily. After collecting the questionnaire and performing relevant statistical analyses, data normalization and clustering based on the K-Means method were used to determine levels of musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, the multilayer perceptron artificial neural network was trained to predict the levels of musculoskeletal disorders; moreover,  the criteria of precision, accuracy, recall, and F1-score were used to evaluate the proposed model.

The performance of the proposed model in predicting the levels of musculoskeletal disorders is presented in two scenarios (use and non-use of the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) method) based on the evaluation criteria provided. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values were 0.724, 0.709, 0.756, and 0.720, respectively. The appropriate accuracy and precision in the proposed model indicate its capability to identify the levels of musculoskeletal disorders in individuals and help healthcare professionals take necessary measures to prevent and predict them.

This study employs the CMDQ questionnaire and artificial intelligence to analyze musculoskeletal disorders in the workplace. The proposed model demonstrates significant accuracy and precision compared to similar studies. The results indicate that this model can be utilized to identify and predict musculoskeletal disorders in organizational employees, offering the potential to expedite the identification process and reduce costs.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the health challenges for faculty members, affecting their performance and work-related quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between these disorders and the ergonomic features of their workstations.

This research was conducted among 22 faculty members after obtaining informed consent and using a census method. The prevalence of disorders was assessed using the Cornell questionnaire, and the evaluation of the workstation was performed using the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method. Then, 14 anthropometric dimensions (differentiated by gender) were measured, and 13 workstation characteristics were assessed. Finally, 11 criteria were used for anthropometric fitness evaluation. Moreover, data analysis was carried out using SPSS software (version 26).

Approximately 46% of the participants had experienced pain and discomfort in one of the musculoskeletal areas, with the wrist, neck, shoulder, and lower back being the most affected areas, respectively. The ROSA results indicated that 22.73% of the participants' workstations required ergonomic improvements. The most significant mismatches were found in the criteria of 1) trunk length-chair backrest length, 2) thigh thickness in a seated position-distance between thighs and desk, and 3) shoulder width-chair seat width.

The signs of a connection between the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the lack of anthropometric compatibility/inadequate knowledge among faculty members in the field of ergonomics were observed. This issue underscores the importance of considering ergonomic/anthropometric characteristics of office desks and chairs during the procurement of office supplies and emphasizes the need to enhance ergonomics knowledge.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread and important health and social problems in industrialised society, reducing productivity, increasing treatment costs and affecting the quality of life of workers. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of workload, fatigue, sleep quality and physical condition on musculoskeletal disorders among workers in the steel industry.

The present study is a descriptive and analytical study conducted on a population of 540 workers working in the steel industry in the city of Dezful. Based on simple random sampling, 400 people were selected as samples. The instruments used in this study are the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (CMDQ), the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory(SOFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality (PSQI) and the NASA-TLX workload index. The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) was used. Descriptive statistical indices were used to analyze the data, and the relationships between observed and hidden variables were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) The data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 and in SPSS software version 25.

According to the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, back pain ranked first with a mean and standard deviation of 52.39±25.44 and knee pain ranked second with a mean and standard deviation of 46.46±26.45, indicating that the prevalence of these disorders is high among steel industry workers. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between workload, fatigue, sleep quality and body condition and musculoskeletal disorders (p<0.05). The RMSEA index of less than 0.1 shows that the model proposed in this study fits well and demonstrates the role of workload variables, fatigue, sleep quality and body position in the direct and indirect causation of musculoskeletal disorders.

The results of this study show that improving workplace ergonomics, reducing workload and fatigue, and improving sleep quality can reduce the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

Today, various platforms, including virtual networks and websites, connect people with a lot of data via Internet. The attractiveness of these platforms sometimes makes people use them addictively. Uncontrolled use of the Internet may also cause problems such as reducing academic performance and creating musculoskeletal problems.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 students at one of the universities of medical sciences. Four demographic questionnaires, Young's Internet addiction, Pham and Taylor's academic achievement and Nordic questionnaire were used to collect information. Data analysis was done using descriptive tests and Pearson's correlation, by SPSS V.16 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was related to the upper back (40.8%), lower back (36%) and neck (33.8%) regions. Among different parts of the body, reports of pain in the neck, shoulder, and wrist had a significant relationship with Internet addiction (P-Value: 0.038, 0.007, and 0.029, respectively). No significant relationship was found between different levels of Internet addiction and academic achievement.

The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is one of the complications of incorrect and unprincipled use of Internet-related equipment; Therefore, these problems can be reduced by providing appropriate educational platforms and creating a correct culture of using emerging technologies.

Due to the obviousness of musculoskeletal disorders in health workers, especially patient carriers, we felt it necessary to check the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in these workers by correcting their posture.  

The study is semi-experimental. First, a self-made demographic questionnaire was made on the level of awareness, and a Nordic questionnaire along with a numerical rating scale to measure the amount of pain related to musculoskeletal disorders was completed for all participants. Then, theoretical and practical interventions were carried out to correct posture using occupational medicine, ergonomics, and sports specialists, and again one month and six months later, questionnaires were completed and data were collected. In the end, data analysis was done with SPSS version 24 software.

Descriptive statistics show that interventions aimed at correcting postures, reduce the average pain scores for different body parts of patient carriers. The most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder was back pain.Statistical analysis showed that comparing the average score of back pain (p=0.000), neck (p=0.014), shoulder (p=0.006), knee (p=0.006), and leg (p=0.016) in patient carriers before There is a significant difference between postural correction and six months later.However, comparing the average pain score of the elbow (p=0.18), wrist (p=0.06), back (p=0.3), and thigh (p=0.08) at the end of six months after correcting the posture, no significant difference was observed.

 It seems that correcting the posture while carrying and moving the patient with the help of occupational medicine, ergonomics, and sports specialists can reduce musculoskeletal pain in medical workers, especially patient carriers. It was also seen that correcting posture has the fastest and highest effect on reducing back, neck, shoulder, knee, and leg pain.

 The growing trend of office workers and the use of computers in these workstations has caused an increase in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among them. Most of the studies have emphasized the need for interventions to improve the ergonomics of office workstations. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of ergonomic training intervention on improving working conditions and reducing musculoskeletal disorders in office workers.

The present research is a descriptive-analytical and correlational study. The statistical population was all the employees of the administrative staff of Shuttle Company. According to the criteria for entering and exiting the study, 130 people participated in this study. After the initial evaluation of the work situation, the ergonomic training intervention program was presented to the company employees to reduce the musculoskeletal injury factors for two months. We evaluate physical condition before and after the training. Data collection tools included the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Evaluation Questionnaire (NMQ) and the ROSA posture evaluation method. The data was analyzed by SPSS software; descriptive statistics and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis.

The study showed that the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders in different age groups was not significant in most body organs, and only this relationship has confirmed in the neck and upper back area. However, the relationship between skeletal and muscular disorders and employees' work history is not significant in most body parts, and only this relationship has confirmed in the neck and upper back area. Finally, the ergonomic training of the subjects has had a significant effect on their calculated risk level (using the ROSA method).

Although most companies have equipment with the necessary ergonomics, employees do not know how to use them correctly. Due to the lack of knowledge of some managers and employees about the importance of ergonomics, in addition to creating a work environment according to the principles of ergonomics, it is better to provide these people with the necessary training in this field.

Back ground and object: 

In today's advanced world, one of the most serious problems is musculoskeletal problems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between ergonomics and postural abnormalities in manufacturing workers.

 The statistical population of this research consists of male employees working in a two production units  with a total number of 210 people. 134 people were included in the study according to Morgan's table and based on the entry criteria. The assessment of pain in different parts of the body was done by the Nordic questionnaire, the ergonomics of the work environment was evaluated by the REBA scale, and the body posture was evaluated by the New York test. After collecting various data, SPSS software version 26 was used to analyze the data. To check the normality of the data distribution of each variable, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. Also, linear regression statistical test was used to check the relationship between research variables. The significance level throughout the research is less than 0.05.

The result of the research showed that there is a significant and negative relationship between the ergonomic score and the assessment of physical condition (P=0.00, R=0.79). Also, the results of the investigations show the existence of musculoskeletal disorders in different areas of the body with the highest prevalence in the back (45.7%).

According to the high and negative correlation of the variables, it was found that the unfavorable ergonomic condition can lead to poor physical condition and have many musculoskeletal consequences.

 Musculoskeletal abnormalities are still an important problem in many workplaces and health care center employees. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate musculoskeletal abnormalities and occupational risk factors among medical staff in Iran.

 In this systematic review of eligible studies from national and international databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Magiran and IranMedex from 1390 to 1400 based on the preferred reporting cases of the Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) as It was independently extracted by two researchers. MeSH keywords and phrases were used to implement the search strategy.

 Among 360 articles, the full text of 24 articles was finally examined. The results of the study showed that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal abnormalities and employee complaints in the last 12 months is related to neck pain (46.01%). Also, among the 24 identified occupational risk factors, standing for a long time (20.83%) and repetitive movements (16.66%) are the most important factors in the occurrence of physical disorders in the treatment staff.

 The findings of this research can play a significant role in empowering and upgrading the country's health system in terms of individual, managerial and organizational policies in health centers. Therefore, the physical needs, psychological and ergonomic pressures of the work environment and the health of the treatment staff can be improved.

Prevalence of posture and skeletal-muscular disorder will result in consequences such as reduction of power and quality of work, increase in treatment costs, and premature disability. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of postural disorders and their relationship with focal points of pain in traffic police employees.

 This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2022 at the traffic police station. 200 available samples were selected according to the entry criteria. The data were collected using a body analysis device, a metal goniometer, a deviation measuring device, a checkerboard with a vertical line, and a standard Nordic questionnaire, and then analyzed by applying the chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p < 0.05 using SPSS 16 software.

In this research, which was conducted with the presence of 200 male employees of traffic Police with an average age of 39.00 ± 3.31 years, an average weight of 84.98 ± 4.27 kg, and an average height of 174.98 ± 2.31 cm, it was determined that the highest prevalence of posture disorders. In order, the bent knee (49.5%), hyperlordosis (49%), torticollis (47.5%), forward head (44%), kyphosis (42.5%) and uneven shoulder (42.5%), and the lowest prevalence of the described disorders was Genu recurvatum (3.5%), Genu valgum (4.5%) and Genu varum (5%). There was a significant relationship between bent knee syndrome and pain in the knee of the right leg (p<0.05) and left leg (p<001), but between pain in the neck, back, and torticollis, head forward, kyphosis, uneven shoulder, and lordosis were no significant.

The highest prevalence of posture disorders among traffic police officers is bent knee and lordosis, respectively. There is no connection between pain in the neck, back, torticollis, forward head, scoliosis, uneven shoulders, and hyperlordosis, but bent knee and pain in the knee are related.

Employees of Traffic Police Headquarters suffer from musculoskeletal pain due to inactivity, sitting for a long time, and being sent to exhausting missions outside the province to solve the country’s traffic problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of focal points of pain in the employees of traffic police headquarters.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 2022 at traffic police headquarters with an available statistical population of 200 employees. After a face-to-face interview and examination of pain points using a Nordic questionnaire and a body map under the supervision of a relevant specialist at the health center of traffic police headquarters, the desired data were collected. The data were analyzed by applying Pearson’s chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p<0.05, and SPSS 16 software was used to analyze the desired data.

In this research, 160 staff members with an average age of 39.00±3.31 years, average weight of 84.98±4.87 kg, and average height of 174.98±2.98 cm and 40 staff members with an average age of 39.00±3.60 years, average weight 89.98±2.51 kg and average height 172.86±3.71 cm were studied. The results in all the studied samples were as follows: the most reports of pain were in the back (58.00%), neck (44.50%), back (39.00%), and right knee (37.50%), respectively. Moreover, the left knee (37.50%) and the least reported pain were in the left ankle (9.00%), right ankle (13.50%) and left wrist (20.00%), respectively. The chi-square test results showed a significant difference in pain in the shoulder, wrist, thigh, knee, leg, and ankle on the right side of the body between the official and official operational groups (p<0.05). However, this difference in the left wrist, neck, back, and waist points was not statistically significant (p<0.05).

According to the job differences between official and official-operational staff, the focal points of pain in these two groups differ. Pain in the knee, shoulder, ankle, leg, and thigh joints is more prevalent in the official operational staff group than in the official group. On the other hand, pain in the wrist and forearm joints is more common in the official group than in the official operational group, but the prevalence of pain in the back, neck, and back is almost the same in both groups.

Considering the vital role of teachers in the educational system, it is important to gather information about their health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their relationship with retired teachers' quality of life, physical health, and mental health.

This cross-sectional research was conducted in the first half of 2022 in Hamadan city. The statistical sample consisted of 96 retired teachers aged 45-70 years, who were purposefully selected. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was evaluated using the standardized Nordic questionnaire, while the quality of life and physical and mental healthwere assessed using the 12-item short-form survey (SF-12) and the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS-29). The research data were analyzed using an independent t-test with a significance level of 0.05.

The findings revealed that among retired teachers in Hamadan city, 82.3% reported experiencing at least one MSD, with a prevalence rate of 86% for female teachers and 78.3% for male teachers. The prevalence of MSDs varied across different body areas, withthe most commonly affected areas being the knee (54%), lower back (50%), shoulder (29%), and neck (24%). Furthermore, the research results demonstrated a significant negative association between MSDs and the quality of life, as well as the physical and psychological health of retired teachers (p<0.05). Teachers suffering from MSDs reported higher levels of pain intensity, pain interference, sleep disturbance, and fatigue compared to those who were not affected by MSDs (p<0.05).

The findings of the present study indicate that retired teachers commonly experience MSDs, which can adversely affect their quality of life, as well as their physical and psychological health. These MSDs contribute to pain interference, sleep disturbance, and fatigue among this group of teachers.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorder is a multifactorial complication that leads to a loss of work time, inability, and increased economic cost. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the musculoskeletal disorders of tea harvesting workers.

The current descriptive-qualitative research was conducted with directed content analysis where in 14 participating tea pluckers were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected by semi-structured interview method and were then analyzed in MAXQDA12 software. In this study, Carayon’s SEIPS model was used as a predetermined framework for the macroergonomics approach.

The numbers of 214 primary codes, 56 important codes, 17 subcategories, and 5 main categories (i.e., individual, task-related, tools and technologies, environment-related factors and organizational) were obtained as the effective factors in musculoskeletal disorders among tea harvesting workers in the results of continuous analysis. Important codes extracted from the interview in the individual category including (age, gender, previous work experience in tea plucking, feeling very tired, etc.), task-related category (improper posture, exerting force on trunk and hand, etc.), the category of tools and equipment (the long length of the bag attached to the hand tool for picking tea, etc.), the category related to environmental factors (surfaces uphill and downhill), the height of the tea plant (short and tall), the type of tea harvesting area (plains and mountains, etc.) and organizational category (lack of sufficient training on the correct way of doing work, lack of support and support from the employer and threat of dismissal (lack of job security) and...).

Considering that agricultural jobs (especially tea harvesting) have diversity in the nature of tasks compared to industrial tasks, among the different factors on musculoskeletal disorders in this job, it can be attributed to the greater activity of women in this job due to the need for High physical activity, manual handling of tea bags (60 to 80 kg), using traditional hand tools, humidity and temperature of the working environment (working outdoors in the summer season and under rain), working environment (height of the tea plant, limited access to all tea plant space), the uneven surface of the ground during activity, applying force on the hand (crossing movements of hand tools while working), not establishing a shift work system and working hours over 12 hours. In order to prevent these disorders, a multi-faceted approach of actions from these factors is needed, which can be ergonomic redesign of tea growers' work tools, improvement of tea plants and work space, training of ergonomic principles of body posture and load handling, creating insurance coverage and Other related cases were mentioned in this study.