جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عوامل » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Chronic diseases affect the lives of patients and caregivers. Caregivers of patients with chronic and progressive diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), experience significant mental pressure, which can make them impatient and psychologically exhausted. Therefore, it is observed that they choose to use violence in interacting with these patients. The present research aimed to investigate the level and types of violence in dealing with MS patients by caregivers and the consequences of these behaviors. The present study was a systematic review based on the guidelines of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) used to examine the evidence related to this field. The search was performed in April 2023 in the Google Scholar, Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC), PubMed, and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The search terms included violence, abuse, MS, and multiple sclerosis, along with their synonyms. After searching the mentioned databases, 51, 144, 185, and 37 articles were extracted from WOS, PubMed, ISC, and Google Scholar, respectively. There were a total number of 417 articles, 117 of which were removed due to duplication, and 289 articles were excluded from the study due to unrelatedness. Consequently, 11 articles were evaluated. Most studies showed that the prevalence of experiencing violence in MS patients is high. The violence experienced included sexual (20%), physical (33.6%), financial (63%), psychological (53.1%), and economic (63%). Age, low education, financial dependence, and worsening of illness and disability lead to higher levels of violence. Victims who experience violence often suffer from psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression.

In the teachings of Islam, moderation in belief and behavior is valued and excesses in affairs are condemned. The set of rules and customs of the Islamic religion is such that a person can be educated in a balanced way, and also one of the most basic intellectual rules and religious concepts in Islam, which has been emphasized a lot by the pure Imams (peace be upon them), is adherence to moderation in all areas of human life. Is. The importance of the discussion of moderation becomes clear when we see that in the course of history, groups under different titles have had a significant impact on the masses of people in societies by going beyond the limit of moderation and tending to extremes. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce and explain the factors to achieve moderation in order not to fall into the trap of extremes in affairs. According to the Qur'an report and the teachings of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), it can be seen that several factors such as: faith in God, planning and planning, correcting vision and attitude, supervision and control, avoiding excesses, correct and just laws Prohibition of extravagance and wastage, right-centeredness, rationalism and the rule of justice play a role in the occurrence of moderation.

Short selling is one of the obstacles of Islamic economy, which is condemned by Islam and is included in major sins and is an example of violating the rights of others. In short selling, the balance in mutual rights is lost and serious damage is caused to the society.

Selling less leads to distance from God's mercy and causes destruction and corruption in the society. Therefore, considering the importance of the subject, this research investigates the concept of underselling and its factors and consequences from the perspective of the Qur'an and hadiths with a descriptive-analytical approach.

The results show that underselling means putting less in the measure or weight and reducing the rights of others. Under-selling is formed under the influence of factors such as lack of faith in resurrection, greed, disbelief and lack of faith, impiety, imitation, lack of prayer, and consequences such as oppression, drought, social corruption, deprivation of goodness, deprivation of divine mercy, curse, Threats, hellfire, inclination to falsehood, deprivation of trust, economic corruption, descent of divine punishment, destruction, decline of social values follow.

These damages destroy religion and human life; And it turns the economy from a state of growth and prosperity to a sick economy and causes it to collapse.

Commercialization of academic research is one of the executive strategies to turn science into wealth. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the commercialization of academic research in Islamic Azad University. The present research method is a qualitative data type of the foundation, the statistical population includes academic experts and a purposeful sampling method based on theoretical saturation. To collect data, two methods of study and analysis of research background and semi-structured interviews were used. The research findings show that the small growth of academic research in the Islamic Azad University, especially during the last two decades, shows that there is a good potential for intellectual production. Findings also indicate 5 major factors to increase the commercialization of academic research. Factors are divided into intraorganizational and extra-organizational groups. The research findings are also in line with research findings in other countries to identify factors affecting the commercialization of academic research.

The Integrated Health System (SIB) is the latest electronic health record system in Iran, officially began in Iran in March 2016, with the goal of integrating health information and providing health services. This study aimed to design a model for establishment of the electronic health record in family physician program of Guilan university of medical sciences.

The research method was mixed method. Fifteen organizational and academic experts in the fields of family physician program and information technology were interviewed through purposive sampling using qualitative content analysis with conventional approach. Having identified the important components and respective dimensions in the initial conceptual model, the primary questionnaire was developed and submitted to the experts for their approval. Then, the final Likert-scale researcher-made questionnaire was extracted. Its content validity index was calculated by the experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha. The questionnaire was sent to 453 members of the healthcare team for being completed. Through analysing data by SPSS and LISREL, the final model was extracted using the specialized statistical techniques of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

The model was presented with eight factors of attitudinal and behavioural, supervision and managerial, individual factors of users, interactions and teamwork, organizational, technical, systemic and job stability which can explain over 63 percent of the variance of the variables of electronic health record-based family physician program. The highest and lowest impacts on the proposed model came from the managerial and supervisory (0.85) and the job stability components, respectively (0.45).

Establishing an electronic health record in the family physician program with the aim of providing good quality services and lower costs, is influenced by various factors that by strengthening the positive aspects and removing barriers in the identified factors, it is possible to institutionalize and use it more practically in order to solve health problems.

In medical knowledge, temperament refers to the moderate quality resulting from the action and reaction of contrasting elements. Every individual and ethnic group is diverse in terms of temperament. While temperament affects factors, it is also affected by them. Factors that affect human temperament are divided into two categories: acquired and non-acquired. Therefore, identifying and modifying the acquired factors plays an important role in controlling and managing human health.Therefore, the present study aimed to comprehensively extract the acquired factors affecting temperament from the perspective of religious texts and analyze them using the achievements of traditional Muslim and non-Muslim medicine.This study is descriptive and analytical which has been done by referring to religious texts and classical and modern medical scientific sources. The obtained information has been classified, analyzed, and processed.The findings of this study indicated that issues such as nutrition, geographical environment, seasons, age, and mood are among the acquired factors affecting human temperament.

Man, as the most central basis of the educational system in any school, has replaced God on earth, and the acquisition of this title has been due to the power of reason and consciousness in him. But having this power does not mean that all his choices and beliefs during his life are free from any mistakes, but in the struggle against choices, doubts and doubts have always entered his mind. The entry of these suspicions is not under his control and there is no escape from it. Even if human beings are prevented from expressing these doubts from within, sometimes there are external factors that cause suspicions and suspicious thoughts. When those factors and principles exist, imaginativeness is found in human beings. Some of these notions make man so delusional that they turn away from reality and consider truth to be only what they cultivate in their thoughts and minds, and even as a result of these notions they become sinful. The teachings of Islam have considered several factors such as: intellectual and doctrinal weakness, incorrect prejudices, shortness of breath, following the devil, lack of knowledge, ignorance and doubt to be effective in the emergence of fantasy.

Dermatophytosis is one of the health problems that may spread from contaminated soil, pets, livestock, and infected humans. Although Tinea capitis is more prevalent in deprived areas, other forms of this disease were also reported in both urban and rural regions. In order to design appropriate strategies to control and treat diseases, the disease prevalence and its effective factors should be investigated.  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of dermatophytosis and its etiologic agents in patients who referred to the mycology laboratory of Yazd Central Laboratory during 2013-2018.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, samples were collected from  suspected dermatophytic lesions of patients who referred to the mycology section of Yazd Central Medical Laboratory during 2013-2018. After completing the demographic information questionnaire, samples were collected from the lesions and examined by direct microscopic culture examination. Moreover, additional tests were performed to determine the genus and species of the etiologic agents.

From 900 patients, 112 cases (12.5%) were positive regarding both direct smear and culture. The highest rate of infection was observed in the age group less than 10 years. The most common clinical forms were tinea corporis, capitis, cruris, manuum, pedis, and ungium, respectively. The most commonly isolated etiologic agents were Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton verrucosum.

Due to the lack of information about the current status of this disease in Yazd, periodical studies are recommended on dermatophytosis, their sources, and etiologic agents in order to take effective measures to control and prevent the disease.

Induced demand is defined as the sale of unnecessary services to patients by exercising power and ordering health stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to identify and provide a comprehensive framework of factors affecting the inductive demand in the Iranian health system from the perspective of experts and specialists.

In terms of the type of study, the research was a qualitative content analysis from 2014 to 2018. 14 articles from Iranian data and 101 articles from global citation databases were selected, and 20 related articles were selected according to the purpose of the research. By carefully studying them by qualitative analysis method, a list of main and sub-factors and components of induced demand were identified. Then, the list was modified with the opinions of a group of experts, and the final list was obtained.

The final results of the initial analysis and the opinions of experts and experts in relation to the factors affecting the induced demand in the 5 main categories of fundamental, social, organizational structure, economic, stakeholders, and 18 sub-categories and 82 factors were identified and presented.

Summarizing the findings of this study shows that due to the expansion and multiplicity of factors and the complex nature of the induced demand phenomenon in the health system, only by identifying the relevant factors can its harmful effects be controlled.

 Health has always been one of the most important concerns of mankind, and without oral and dental health, the bodychr('39')s general health cannot be guaranteed. Having health insurance has always been one of the factors facilitating the use of health services and this study is aimed to identify and investigate the impact of insurance coverage on the use of family dental services in Iran.

 The present study is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study based on data from National Expenditure Survey by Statistics Center of Iran during 2013-2012. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. The sample size of the study was 116469 households in rural areas and 112685 households in urban areas and 229154 households in the country as a whole. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel and 14 STATA software.

 Of the 229,154 households surveyed, 11,392 households (4.98%) had dental services during the 6-year period. The results show that provinces with a high level of development (in terms of access to health services) had higher use of dental services (p-value<0/001). Urban households with insurance coverage, more literate people, and households with fewer elderly people have used dental services (p-value<0/001). Wealthier households (higher income quintiles) than poor households (lower income quintiles.  And families that had self-care (using floss, toothbrushes and toothpaste) had more dental services than families who did not (p-value<0/001).

 Effective evidence-based interventions to improve the use of dental services among uninsured households, elderly people, low education status, residents of less developed provinces, and rural households should be prioritized by policy makers and planners.

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and associated with mortality and morbidity all over the world. This study was designed to evaluate the rate of blood pressure (BP) control and its associated risk factors in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted for a ten-month period in patients with hypertension and concomitant cardiovascular disease. The BP of participants was measured by the cardiologist. Demographic information, drug and medical history, lab data, smoking, use of opium or alcohol or amphetamine were recorded in a data collecting form. The Spearman and logistic regression analysis were performed to access the association of study risk factors and control of hypertension.

Totally, 314 patients were entered to the study. The mean age of patients was 62.7±12.2. 139 (44.3%) of the patients were female and 175 (55.7%) were males. The mean systolic BP of patients was 131.6 ± 2 and diastolic BP was 78.3 ± 12.9 mmHg. Approximately, half of patients had an uncontrolled BP (n=114, 45.9%). The most common drug regimen is associated with dual therapy in 152 cases (48.4%). The ACEI/ARBs and beta-blockers were the most commonly used drugs. There were significant association between not-controlling BP and age (r=0.29, p=0.022) and diabetes (r=0.273, p=0.024).

The results showed that BP in about half of patients was not in goal and this observation was seen more commonly in older and diabetic patients. This study raises the concern about the control of hypertension among health care providers and patients.

Spiritual health is one of the most important pillars of health in society and an important concern of every state in the health sector. The issue of street children is one of the most important aspects of the spiritual health of any society that is always at the forefront of every state's social policies. Explaining the concept of street child and the factors that lead to this phenomenon and providing a proper solution to this problem is essential to the spiritual well-being of the community, as the society affected by this phenomenon is constantly exposed to crime, crime, deviance and social aberrations. It damages the spiritual health of the community. The research method in this paper is analytical, library based and based on fundamental theories in this section. It is clear that this approach precedes field research because it must first address the theoretical challenges of this debate. Innovation and Distinction This article differs from other similar articles in that it relates to the discussion of spiritual health, meaning that if viewed as one of the needs of the community's spiritual health system, the systematic meaning of the results differs from that of the individual.

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the most important issues in nephrology. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of performance of peritoneal dialysis and its associated factors in the patients chronic renal failure.
Material and This cross-sectional study included 146 patients with chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis between 2013 and 2014. Data were collected by interviewing patients and review of the patient's records and visiting the life places of the patients. Data were analyzed by inferential statistic including t-test and chi- square.
The results showed that 58.9% of the patients were men and 41.1% were woman. The mean age of the participants was 58.06±13.22. 78 (53.4) patients were eligible for peritoneal dialysis. There was a significant relationship between eligibility of the patients for peritoneal dialysis and their blood pressures (p We concluded that eligibility of the patients for peritoneal dialysis does not comply with the demographic variables. But physical and psychological condition of the patients can affect it.

Normal vaginal delivery (NVD) is one of important events in women's life. Compared to cesarean section, it seems that NVD is a safer option associated with lower maternal and neonatal morbidities and also a more favorable emotional relationship between mother and her new born baby. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and to find out the effective factors for choosing normal vaginal delivery among pregnant women in Bushehr city.
Material and In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, among all pregnant women refereed to the health centers in Bushehr City, 486 pregnant women were included based on strati­fied random sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire during 6 months. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, Chi-square test and Logistic Regression were used for analysis of the data.
The mean age of the participants was 26.8± 5.01 years. The options of NVD and C/S were chosen by 220 (45.3%) and 200 (41%) of women respectively and 66 of women were undecided (13.4%). “Fear of labor pain” and “lower complications rate” were the most common reasons for choosing C/S and NVD, 77 (38.6%), and 114(52%) respectively. The NVD had a significant association with some factors including; husband's job (OR=0.51, p=0.01), husband's education (OR=0.19, p=0.001), previous C/S (OR=36.5, p Based on the findings of this study, a regular educational program for pregnant women and also having a meticulous attitude towards the medical indications of C/S may reduce the rate of dispensable C/S and promote of the NVD.

Cancer is third leading cause of death in Iran and breast cancer is the most common cause of death in Iranian women. Early diagnosis can lead to effective treatment and improves the patient's quality of life. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of demographic factors on women's Breast Self-Examination awareness in order to focus education on specific group's population in society women health management.
This is descriptive-analytic and correlational study was performed on 200 women referring to Karaj health care centers in 2015. Data was collected by using a self-made questionnaire about demographic factors (age, economic status and literacy) and interviews to determine the proper awareness about BSE. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16).
Among 200 women with mean age of 35.5±9.7, 97 cases (48.5%) were aware of breast self-examination and performed it in correct way and103 (51.5%) didnt aware or performed it incorrectly. 29 cases (29.8%) of aware women and 68 (52.4%) of unaware women were illiterate and semi-literate. There was significant relationship between educational level and breast self-exam awareness (P0.05).
There is a lack of breast self-examination awareness in the Iranian women. For women health management, education to families with lower educational levels may highly effective to early diagnosis and reduce mortality from this disease.

The characters and roles of teachers and demographic characteristics and attendance of students have special places in classroom. Students are interested to participate in classroom logically and manner of faculty members’ teaching manner determine student's attendance in class. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the student's attendance in theoretical classes from the perspective of dental students of Babol Dentistry School.
This descriptive-analytical research was carried out as a cross-sectional study in 2015-2016 academic year. Sampling was performed by census method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisted of two parts of demographic data and 21 items in three fields of teacher, student and physical environment. To analyze the data, SPSS version 16 software was used and the significance level of 0.95 was considered.
FINDINGS: From the perspective of dental students, the teacher field was mentioned as the most effective factor and physical environment field had the least impact on the attendance of students in theoretical classes. The differences of mean scores of physical environment field in comparison with teacher and student fields (p-value Relationships between students and teachers and the interactions among them are associated with positive behavioral and attitudinal results for students. Educational authorities should create a high-quality learning environment, implement modern methods of teaching and dealing with students to teachers and encourage students to participate in classrooms.

Since then, doctor's religious beliefs is effective in his/her job performance, hence present study was done for modeling tendency of Esfahan medical students to religious education.
In this descriptive cross sectional study 154 Isfahan Medical students were selected through random sampling method. For data collection the researcher made, valid and reliable(α;0/92) questionnaire was used Based on model Fishbein&Aizen. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was used based on structural equation using AMOS software.
The results showed orientation for religious education with load factor 0/41 is effective on the components of religious behavior. Moreover, correlation between trend component and subjective norms is significant(r=0/58). Also mental norms area with load factor 0/78 has an effect on intention component of religious education and finally this area with load factor 0/31 has Impact on the components of religious behavior. Education with load factor 0/77 is the most important factor among the other factors of tendency to religious education. Components of friends and acquaintances, family and media to respectively were the next in rank in the trend component for religious education.
Thus, given that in this study, Education was the most influential factor so attention to this factor is essential for the religious education of physicians.

Some individual and environmental factors affect on learning and learners’ educational progress, among them, motivation plays a prominent and perhaps more important role. Students’ motivation for learning can be affected by a set of correlated factors Knowing these factors help teacher choose appropriate teaching learning activities and strategies, interact effectively with learners and also improve teaching effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the educational motivation and its effective factors from the viewpoints of nursing students in Ahvaz Jondishopour university of medical sciences. This is a descriptive-analytic study, 155 nursing students were selected by census sampling. The tools for data collection includes: demographic data form and self-designed Motivation Questionnaire contain of four dimensions: primary and secondary physiologic motivations, mental-social motivations, spiritual and educational motivations. The reliability of questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's Alpha (α =0.86). The data were analyzed using descriptive and Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, independent T-test and multiple response tests in SPSS software version 16. Mean and standard deviation of students’ academic motivation was 86.3±19.2, and 50.7 percent of them had academic motivation scores higher than average. 60.6 and 49.7 percent of students had higher scores than average in spiritual and social dimensions respectively. A negative significant correlation was observed between semester and motivation(r=-0.21, p=0.007). Also there was a significant relation between marriage status and motivation (p<0.05). The most factors that increased motivation were Achieve their fellow service (71.6%), Provide more opportunities to help families (69.7%), achieve dignity living (65.8%) respectively. giving lower level duties to nursing students in clinical field (59.4%), physicians’ attitude toward nursing (51.6%), society attitude toward nursing (50.3%) and how doctors behave to nursing students (50.3%) were the most factors that decrease motivation. The result showed that the students had average level of educational motivation and this is decreased during course study. So it is possible to improve the students’ motivation by adjustment of society and care givers views.

Pressure sore have been considered as a major health care problem. Nurse's knowledge about factors related to pressure ulcer can decrease pressure ulcer. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with pressure sore in patients admitted to the orthopedic ward. In this descriptive study, 330 patients from four orthopedic units of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method. The data was collected by using "Nursing Care Observation Form". The form was validated by content validity method and inter-rater agreement method was used for reliability (Correlation Coefficient=0.85). Data were analyzed by SPSS/15. Many factors such as; attendant, training in regard to prevention of pressure sore, massage, changing patient position, skeletal traction, moving aid, external objects in bed, trapeze and floating map had significant statistical correlation to pressure sore (P<0.05). In Logistic Regression Model "have no attendant" was the most important factor of pressure sore (P<0.01). Many factors can cause pressure sore in the hospitalized patients. Therefore, teaching of students and healthcare providers about pressure sore care related factors and the necessity of applying pressure sore prevention in at risk patients before the ulceration is very important.

One of the challenging issues in family physicians program is dropping out of physicians from the program. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing desertion of family physicians in rural areas with deprivation index less than 1. 4 (Prosperous) in 2010. This health system research was a cross-sectional study. The study covered all healthcare centers implementing family physician program as well as the physicians working within the family physician program on contracting based throughout the first half of 2010. Data were collected through directed interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test in the SPSS-15. The first five reasons to giving up the program in this group of physicians included: improper payments، insufficient salary، excessive working hours، misbehaving of patients، and high patient visit loads. There was an increasing trend on dropping out of family physician program. To seize this trend، some actions could be done، including: to promote authorization for hiring family physicians، to reform the amount of payments، to ensure timely payments، to develop residency program on family physicians and dedicate an admission priority to active family physicians to enroll in the program، and finally to set a higher salary for family physicians practicing in rural areas.