جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ëar" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents have remained a major challenge in public health, and bacterial-producing biofilm is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance, especially in upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). This study aimed at determining the antibiotic resistance pattern and formation of biofilms in bacteria causing ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections in our study population.

One hundred and fifty samples, including ear (n=87), nasal discharge (22), throat swab (8), and surgical sample (33) (aspirate and tissue), were screened and analyzed using the culture technique, direct microscopy, and bacteria identification with an API 20E strip. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed with Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion techniques and interpreted based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. The biofilm-producing organisms (BPOs) were determined by using the tube method technique.

A total of 192 isolates were recovered (60% gram-positive and 40% gram-negative bacteria). Eighty-three (43.2%) of recovered isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to antibiotics tested, and 60 (75%) isolates from MDR isolates were BPOs.

Biofilm-producing bacteria have higher tendencies to dominate in body-infected tissues other than the discharges being produced; therefore, tissue biopsy for culture and sensitivity should be considered more appropriate where visible, especially when confronted with hard-to-treat infections in ENT clinical settings.

Choristoma is a benign developmental pathological growth characterized by excessive proliferation of mature tissue in ectopic sites. While it can manifest anywhere in the head and neck region, choristoma of the middle ear is more prevalent than the external and internal ear.

Choristoma is a benign developmental pathological growth characterized by excessive proliferation of mature tissue in ectopic sites. While it can manifest anywhere in the head and neck region, choristoma of the middle ear is more prevalent than the external and internal ear.

This case underscores the significance of early diagnosis and intervention in managing external ear choristoma to prevent complications such as conductive hearing loss. The use of auricular prosthesis post-surgery shows promise in maintaining patency and minimizing the risk of relapse, emphasizing on the importance of long-term follow-up in such patients.

A foreign object in the ear is a relatively common emergency, and failure to remove it properly or using incorrect methods can cause irreparable damage.

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of foreign bodies in the ear, their treatment, and associated complications at Kamkar-Arabnia Hospital in Qom in 2019.

This descriptive study used a census method to include 102 patients referred to Kamkar-Arabnia Hospital with complaints of foreign bodies in the ear. Data were collected using a checklist that included demographic and hospital information, and then analyzed using SPSS 18 with descriptive and analytical statistics.

The study included 102 participants with an average age of 12.41 ± 7.11 years. Most participants were male (58.9%, n = 60), and the age distribution was as follows: 0 - 6 years (49%, n = 50), 6 - 12 years (30.4%, n = 31), 12-18 years (13.7%, n = 14), and over 18 years (6.9%, n = 7). The most common foreign body was seeds (35.2%, n = 36). Complications were observed in 41.4% of cases, with the majority occurring in the age group of 0-6 years. In this age group, seeds were the most common foreign body, whereas in the age groups 6 - 12 years and 12 - 18 years, seeds were also prevalent. For individuals over 18 years, common foreign bodies included matchsticks, cotton, and plastic. Only 22 patients required anesthesia for removal. Among the age groups 0 - 6, 6 - 12, and 12 - 18 years, most foreign bodies were removed without complications, whereas 5 individuals over 18 years experienced canal bleeding.

The study highlights the need for effective preventive measures to avoid the entry of foreign substances in children, emphasizing the importance of proper management to prevent complications.

To develop and validate a click-based mobile “Audiclick” app employing click noises for hearing assessments.This prospective comparative study compares the “AudiClick” app as a hearing screening tool to pure tone audiometry. Participants listened to sounds through wired earbud headphones that were connected to an Android or iOS device.The study involved 110 participants aged between 18 to 80 years old. All degrees of hearing loss severity corresponds to pure tone average (p < 0.01) results. The app was also found to be effective at identifying hearing loss (80-99% sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy). Test-retest reliability had also shown excellent ICC scores of 0.93.This study demonstrates that a mobile app using click sounds can be as efficient as pure tone audiometry for field screenings, while being more cost-effective and easier to develop.

To explore the perioperative effect of the evaluation system of nursing quality in otorhinolaryn-gology patients.

A total of 100 patients hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Third Affili-ated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, China in 2019 were selected as the control group, and routine nursing mode was adopted. The control group was data before the implementation of this study. A total of 100 patients (experimental group) hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology in 2020 were selected to adopt the nursing model constructed by nursing quality evaluation system. The adverse mood of patients in the two groups were evaluated at admission and discharge, and postoperative pain and satisfaction were comparedbetween the two groups.

Anxiety, depression and quality of life scores were improved in both groups, but the degree of im-provement in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (t=481.759,353.502, P＜0.05）, and the postoperative pain score in experimental group was lower than that in control group (t=54.086, P＜0.05). The satisfaction of experimental group was better than that of control group (χ2=30.327, P＜0.05).

The nursing model based on the evaluation system of the nursing quality of otorhinolaryngology can relieve patients' adverse emotions, relieve postoperative pain of otorhinolaryngology patients, and improve patient satisfaction. Therefore, it is worth popularizing and applying in the future.

Headache has been a common problem for humans since ancient times. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ear, nose, and throat diseases in patients with headache.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, we reviewed medical records of 100 patients presenting with headache to the ENT clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran, between 2019 and 2021. The type of headache (primary or secondary) was diagnosed based on medical history, clinical examinations, and paraclinical examinations (CT scan) and completion of a checklist for each patient. Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to analyze data. The p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Of 100 patients, 58 (58%) had primary headaches with a mean age of 1.72 ± 4.77 years, and 42 (42%) had secondary headaches with a mean age of 5.57 ± 1.43 years (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the type of headache and location of pain in patients except for the back of the head and the top of the head (p < 0.05). Of the 58 patients with primary headaches, 26 (44.8%), and of the 42 patients with secondary headaches, 10 (23.8%) woke up from sleep due to headache (p < 0.03). Of the 58 patients with primary headaches, 38 (65.5%), and of the 42 patients with secondary headaches, 12 (28.6%) had their headache worsened by light and noise (p < 0.001).

Of all patients, 42% had secondary headaches, which most commonly had symptoms of sinus pain. These patients were treated by an otolaryngologist. Patients with non-sinus headaches were referred to a neurologist.

Accumulated and compacted ear wax or cerumen can cause conductive hearing loss, discomfort and vertigo, and infection. This study investigates the effect of Carbamide peroxide (CP) compared with Phenol glycerin (PG) ear drops on cerumen.This experimental study investigated the effect of PG and CP ear drops on cerumen in ex vivo and in vivo phases. In the ex vivo phase cerumen degredation was scored following PG and CP treatments. In the in vivo phase, 29 patients with bilateral cerumen impaction were randomly entered the study. PG and CP were applied 3 times a day (each time 5 drops) for 4 days by patients. After treatments, the time of cerumen removal was measured.Instant changes showing degredation of cerumen (grade 1) was evident when it was exposed to CP, on the other hand degredation changes (grade 1) in cerumen treated with PG was only evident after 20 min incubation at 37 oC, while grade 3 degredation was evident in cerumen treated with CP after the same time incubation. Although the time needed for removal of cerumen was lower in CP treatment (54.10±31.77) compared to PG treatment (67.10±35.54), the difference was not statistically significant.Based on the literature and our results, carbamide peroxide is suggested as a proper treatment for patients with EAC obstruction caused by cerumen compaction, because not only it is significantly effective in cerumen degredation, but also no side effects have been reported.

Teenagers experience hearing loss due to exposure to loud noises. This study aimed to explore the effect of educational intervention on hearing health literacy in boy students.

This research was conducted experimentally on high school boy students in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2021. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, eight schools with 40 students were randomly selected for each group. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with 42 questions assessing hearing-related health literacy. The intervention group received six sessions of 50-65 minutes of virtual education. Measures were administered prior to the intervention and at a two-week follow-up. The educational content was designed based on reliable sources and according to general, specific, and behavioral goals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in their average scores in the domains of ear and hearing-related health literacy. After the educational program, the ear and hearing-related health literacy scores of the intervention group significantly improved (p<0.05) as follows: mean comprehension and evaluation skills (from 43.8±18.6 to 81.3±10.6), communicating skills (from 49.8±8.9 to 66.3±6.9), and the ability to apply hearing health information (from 25.6±14.5 to 56.9±11.9).

Virtual education is effective in increasing ear and hearing-related health literacy among school students.

Tinnitus is the sensation of hearing continuous or intermittent sounds, when there is no external or mechanical source.

Seborrhoeic keratosis (SK) is a benign neoplasm of the skin. They are usually found to occur anywhere in the body except palms, soles and mucous membranes. The skin of the external auditory canal is an extremely rare site for the occurrence of this benign neoplasm. Malignant transformation rarely occurs in this benign condition. It should be differentiated from other malignant condition like squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, Bowen’s disease, malignant melanoma or keratoacanthoma. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment though recurrence is very common. It can be removed by cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen or curettage, light fulgaration, shave removal or painting with pure TCA if the lesion is small. Diathermy shoul be used as minimal as possible to avoid scar formation. 

Case Report: 

An elderly female presented to ENT OPD with left ear blood-stained discharge. On inspection there was irregular blackish mass filling the entire left external auditory canal, fine needle aspiration cytology came to be seborrhoeic keratosis. Since on imaging the tumor was confined to the external auditory canal, it was excised completely by transcanal route. Surprisingly histopathology came to be squamous cell carcinoma. Considering the age and limited confinement of the tumor, she was kept on regular follow up. 

Seborrhoeic keratosis though a common benign tumor, malignant transformation may occur. Treatment is patient specific and may be modified considering the age and comorbidity of the patient.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) frequently occurs in many rural and urban areas of Iran. Leishmania major and L. tropica are principally two causative agents of CL in Iran. We report here a case of leishmaniasis of the ear in a 61-year-old man referred to the Reference laboratory, Kashan, central Iran, in Jan 2022. He suffered from a 2-month history of a 1×3 cm lesion on the left ear. In the microscopy examination, amastigotes forms of Leishmania spp. were observed. L. tropica was confirmed using a single PCR with species-specific primers. The patient was introduced to a physician to begin the treatment protocol. It is recommended that physicians, especially in an endemic area, investigate any atypical lesion for CL.

A 76-year-old male presented to our department with a neoplastic growth on his left auricle.

The patient was referred from another hospital because he was very concerned about the cosmetic outcome. He had been refused an extensive plastic intervention due to his age and comorbidities. Clinical examination revealed a 1.3 × 1.4 cm ulcerative growth on the upper left ear helix. After the total excision of the lesion, malignant squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed under frozen sections. A helical rim advancement flap was recruited to achieve the best possible reconstructive outcome.

Surgery for auricle malignancies may be performed in one stage without prior biopsy if frozen sections are positive in highly suspicious cases. Aesthetic outcomes should be considered for every patient, regardless of gender or age.

After more than a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, audio-vestibular problems have been reported as consequences. Several limited case report studies with different methodologies were published. This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on the auditory-vestibular system and communication problems in subjects with hearing impairment.  

The current systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant articles using combined keywords. 

Out of 26 final studies, 20 studies dealt with the effects of COVID-19 on the auditory and vestibular system, and six articles examined the COVID-19 effects on hearing-impaired people and patients. In these studies, dizziness (17.8%), tinnitus (8.1%), and vertigo (2.8%) were common symptoms. Most studies were case reports (42.30%), and in terms of quality, nine studies (34.61%) were in the suitable quality group.

COVID-19 might cause auditory-vestibular system problems by directly affecting the structures or functions of the inner ear or by weakening the immune system. The need for taking preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused communication and social challenges, particularly for people with hearing loss.

One of the potentially effective methods for relieving postpartum perineal pain is auricular acupressure. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of auricular acupressure on postpartum perineal pain in a systematic review.

An extensive systematic search was performed on online electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cochrane using the keywords related to the purpose, from the earliest to June 30, 2021.

Of 263 articles, three studies were included in the review. A total of 386 women with a mean age of 29.79 years were included in the review. Of the participants, 192 women were in the intervention group. Of the studies included, two studies evaluated auricular acupressure, and one study evaluated battlefield auricular acupuncture plus standard analgesia. Overall, the number of acupressure points varied from 3 to 5. In most cases, auricular acupressure was used at points of Shen Men (n=3) and the external genital area (n=2). Overall, auricular acupressure in one study out of three studies had a significant effect on reducing postpartum perineal pain. Two out of three studies reported no side effects of auricular acupressure for participants.

It seems that auricular acupressure can be used as a simple, low-cost, and practical intervention to reduce postpartum perineal pain. However, future well-designed studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of nonmelanoma skin cancer. A review of the literature revealed only a few reports of BCC on the auricle or conchal bowl, usually occurring in elderly patients. Herein, we report an exceptional case of BCC in a young man with an unusual anatomical location of the tumor as a solitary erythematous to black-colored plaque located in the conchal bowl of his right ear. By thoroughly reviewing the literature, there was no other documented case of BCC located in the conchal bowl of the ear of a young adult. Dermatologists should be aware that skin tumors may also occur in uncommon anatomical locations and with unusual presentations in the young population, even if they have no known predisposing factor. Unusual presentations make clinical suspicion of skin tumors very difficult, so these lesions can easily be missed. Early diagnosis can prevent further growth, extensive destruction, and severe consequence of invasive treatments.