جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "آسم" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The potential association between asthma and various oral and dental conditions such as caries, tooth wear, periodontal diseases, and alterations in the oral mucosa remains a topic of ongoing debate among dental professionals. This study sought to assess the prevalence of hyposalivation and dry mouth in children aged 3 to 12 years with asthma, who were referred to Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari in 2023.

This descriptive-analytical epidemiological study was conducted on pediatric asthma patients at Bu Ali Sina Hospital in Sari. Data on each patient’s asthma severity, duration of the condition, and medication usage were collected through questionnaires and interviews with patients’ parents. Unstimulated salivary flow was measured using the gravimetric method. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests to compare the data, with a significance level set at 0.05.

A total of 66 children (32 boys and 34 girls) participated in this study. Hyposalivation was observed in 33.3% of the children (22 out of 66), while 42.4% (28 out of 66) experienced dry mouth. A statistically significant association was found between gender and hyposalivation, with boys being more affected than girls (P<0.05). Furthermore, dry mouth was notably more prevalent among children with hyposalivation (P<0.001). Children with hyposalivation were approximately 16 times more likely to report dry mouth compared to those without hyposalivation (Odds Ratio=16.35, P=0.001).

This study highlights the higher prevalence of hyposalivation in boys compared to girls, though no significant association was found between gender and presence of dry mouth. A strong, statistically significant link between hyposalivation and dry mouth was confirmed through multiple logistic regression analysis. These findings suggest that children with hyposalivation are at a markedly increased risk of experiencing dry mouth, underscoring the need for early detection and management in pediatric asthma patients.

Recent studies show a connection between serum vitamin D levels and the onset of asthma, as well as markers of disease severity in children with asthma. This study explores the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of asthma in children.

In this case-control study, 210 children aged 5 to 15 entered the study after obtaining informed consent from their parents. Participants were divided into three groups: healthy (control) = 70, moderate asthma (case) = 70, and severe asthma (case) = 70. The diagnosis of asthma and its severity were determined based on clinical signs and spirometry. At the same time, the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using a standard DIA source kit and the ELISA method.

The mean serum level of vitamin D in healthy individuals was 28.92 ± 9.54, which was higher than in those with asthma. On the other hand, the vitamin D level in patients with severe asthma was 13.24 ± 21.61, significantly lower than that in patients with non-severe (mild and moderate) asthma, who had levels of 28.44 ± 9.97. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D levels among the study groups (P<0.001). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and asthma severity among the subjects (r=-0.25), which was also statistically significant (P<0.05).

In conclusion, assessing vitamin D levels in patients with asthma is recommended. If a deficiency is identified, it is important to implement the necessary treatment.

Asthma is a prevalent chronic disease which has seen an increase in its incidence in recent years. Assessing quality of life can standardize communication between doctors and patients, potentially improving clinical and functional outcomes. This study aims to determine the quality of life in asthmatic patients aged 12 and over at the Asthma and Allergy Clinic of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study included 200 patients using a census sampling method. Data were collected using the standard SF-36 questionnaire.

Of the 200 patients, 103 (51.5%) were male, and 97 (48.5%) were female. The average age was 29.64 years, with the largest age group being 15 to 25 years old. The highest and lowest numbers of residences were in Ardabil and Nir, respectively. The average monthly income was 3.47 million Tomans, and the average treatment cost was 230.10 thousand Tomans. Among the patients, 105 (52.5%) had the allergic type, 47 (23.5%) had the non-allergic type, and 48 (24%) had the Samter phenotype, with most patients exhibiting good asthma control. The majority of patients were in the fourth treatment stage, and the economic burden of the disease was considered heavy by most. Patients with the allergic phenotype, treatment costs less than 250 thousand Tomans, age less than 25 years, and in treatment stages 1, 2, or 3, had a better quality of life than others. However, gender and living in a city or town did not significantly affect the quality of life.

The quality of life in asthmatic patients is related to asthma phenotype, control status, average treatment cost, age, and treatment stages.

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, the prevalence of which is steadily increasing all over the world. Five to ten percent of patients suffer from severe disease which leads to limitation in daily activities and sleep disorder as well as repeated attacks. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between asthma risk factors and disease severity in children with asthma aged between 7 and 12 years of age.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 asthmatic children aged 7-12 years of age referred to the Asthma and Allergy Clinics of Urmia University of Medical Sciences during 2019-2020 using a simple random sampling method. The data collection checklist included four sections; demographic information, birth, body mass index and asthma. According to the National Asthma of Australia, the severity of asthma was divided into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. Clinical symptoms included: shortness of breath, cough during day and at night, as well as daily symptoms were considered. Frequency of use of inhaled beta agonists were recorded. Forced expiratory volume was as well calculated. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square and Spearman tests.

The mean age of the participants was 8.8±2.1, 53.5% of children had mild asthma, 34.5% had moderate asthma, and 12% had severe asthma. There was a significant relationship between the severity of asthma and body mass index, age of birth and type of delivery in girls and boys with asthma (p>0.001). The most common clinical symptoms were cough (48.06%) and shortness of breath(9.95%) that 16.28% of these symptoms were reported during walking and at night and 13.83% on a daily basis. The use of inhaled beta agonist was reported in 32% of cases as less than 2 times a week. 53.5% of children had forced expiratory volume above 80%.

Asthma severity is high among children with high body mass index and born by caesarean section, and correspondingly in children born prematurely, the severity of asthma was moderate or severe. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the mentioned factors in the clinical examinations of children and to consider methods to reduce obesity for obese children with asthma.

 Reviewing the experiences of different countries and organizations, along with evaluating the implementation dimensions of the asthma management program, plays a key role in designing and implementing a new program at the national level. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the implementation of asthma control programs at the global, national and regional levels and how to use the factors affecting the implementation of the program in Iran's health system of Iran.

 This comparative study was conducted according to a model including definition, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison. Valid documentation of asthma control programs including scientific articles and publications and official government and organizational reports at different levels were extracted. The validity of the documents was examined both internally and externally. The data were collected using the tool for extracting six main dimensions of implementing asthma control programs. These dimensions include 1) organizational institutions to implement the program, 2) human resources to implement the intervention, 3) nature of interventions, 4) target population, 5) consequences, and 6) cost analysis.

 Proposed interventions and key promoters of the program in Iran's health system include 1) political will to prioritize the problem of asthma and support primary health services, 2) use of clinical medicine guidelines, 3) rewards commensurate with appropriate performance, 4) provision of necessary resources to provide services and organization, and 5) providing human resources with defined roles. It is also necessary to pay full attention to measures based on home visits and school-based interventions according to the existing valid evidence.

 The effective strategy of implementing the asthma control program at the global, national and regional level by prioritizing the primary health service system is clear. Paying attention to these strategies can help improve the capacity of Iran's health system to deal with asthma as an important public health problem.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Various tests and questionnaires are designed to monitor the severity of asthma and help the therapist and the health system prescribe the best treatment to control it. This study was designed to compare two methods Asthma Control Questionnaires (ACQ) and Asthma Control test-child (ACT-CHILD) in children with asthma.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 92 children with asthma referred to the Taleghani hospital, Gorgan, in 2022-2023. Patients were in a range of age 4-16 years. Asthma control was evaluated and compared by two methods ACT-CHILD and ACQ. ACT-CHILD included one version for 4-11-year patients completed by their parents and another one for 12-16 –year patients completed by the patients. The clinical symptoms, age, gender and the parents' records related to asthma were completed during the clinical interview. Data was analyzed using Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests. The degree of agreement between two questionnaires was determined using the Kappa coefficient.

84 children aged 4-11 years (91.3%) and 8 children aged 12-16 years (8.7%) were included in the study. According to the ACT-CHILD, 40.2% of children (n=37) had controlled asthma, 44.6% (n=41) had partially controlled asthma, and 15.2% (n=14) had uncontrolled asthma. Based on the ACQ, controlled asthma was observed in 18.5% (n=17), partially controlled asthma in 35.8% (n=33), and uncontrolled asthma in 45.7% (n=42) of children. Asthma control results based on two questionnaires were significantly different from each other (P<0.001). The agreement between the ACT-CHILD and ACQ methods in evaluating children's asthma was at a weak level (P=0.014, κ=0.157), however, a significant negative correlation was observed between the scores of the ACT-CHILD and ACQ questionnaires (r=-0.588, P>0.001) which after categorizing based on age group, this correlation was confirmed only in children aged 4-11 years (r=-0.627, P>0.001).

Our findings showed that there is a poor agreement between ACT-CHILD and ACQ results in the assessment of asthma control. Further studies are recommended.

Over the past several decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes reversible obstruction of the airways. Asthma symptoms include reversible obstruction of the airways that clear on their own or remit with treatment. "Th2-high" asthma is dominated by eosinophils, sensitive to glucocorticoids, and caused by glucocorticoids. T-helper-2(Th2) immune responses are derived when airway epithelial cells are stimulated by allergens. A series of cytokines are produced first by 2-innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and then by Th2 cells. These include Interleukin-4(IL-4), Interleukin-5(IL-5), and Interleukin-13(IL-13). Eosinophil inflammation is promoted by IL-5, and IgE production is promoted by IL-13 and IL-4. "Th2-low" asthma is currently defined only as the absence of Th2 inflammation, which may occur in conjunction with other Th cells. It is thought that Th1 and Th17 produce cytokines that are capable of recruiting neutrophils in "Th2-low" asthma. There are several therapeutic approaches involved in the treatment of asthmatic attacks caused by Th cells, as well as a number of potential directions for future research, listed in this review.

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of the airways which is characterized by variable and recurrent symptomes. The disease causes airways inflamtion and hyperresponsiveness, reversible airways obstruction and airway deformity and  accomponied with symptoms including shortness of breath, cough and wheezing in patients. Environmental and genetic factor  such as gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of asthma. Gene polymorphisms alter the function of genes, hence they involve in disease progression. Studies have shown genetic polymorphism in ADAM33 and TBX21 genes are associated with the risk of asthma.

In present study the polymorphism rs2787094 of ADAM33 and rs11650354 of TBX21 genes was assessed for the first time in Iranian asthma patients and healthy individuals. For this purpose, 30 blood samples from asthma patients and 30 samples from healthy donors was collected. Then DNA was extracted, and subsequently ARMS-PCR technique was used, applying specific designed primers for normal and mutant allels for each polymorphism of candidate genes and then the results were analysed.

The results indicated rs2787094 polymorphism in ADAM33 was significantly associated with the risk of asthma, while there was no significant relation between rs11650354 in TBX21 with asthma risk.

It seems that rs2787094 polymorphism in ADAM33 and different genotype in this locus play siginificant role in asthma risk in Iranian patients.

Asthma is a prevalent disease that affects oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL). There is no study on this issue in Iran, so this study investigated the OHQoL in asthmatic patients.

In this descriptive analytical study, 54 asthmatic patients in Sari Tuba Medical Center were examined. They were selected by convenience sampling. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was administered and Ramfjord teeth were selected to examine the OHI-S index. Data analysis was done applying descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov Smirnov test in SPSS V25.

The mean age of patients was 38.05±12.57 and 75.9% were women. The mean scores for OHIP-14 and OHI-S were 2.40±1.14. The highest score in the quality of life questionnaire was related to physical discomfort (1.17±0.96). There were no significant differences between gender, DI, and CI in OHQoL (P=0.893), and OHI-S and OHQoL (P=0.690).

In current study, no relationship was found between oral health of asthma patients and the OHQoL, but dentists are recommended to consider the impact of oral problems on patients' quality of life in addition to professional measures.

Asthma is a common chronic airway disease that has a dramatic effect on the process of life, group activity and socio-psychological functioning and even the economic progress of patients. There are currently 300 million asthma patients worldwide and it is predicted that by 2025, 100 million asthma patients will be added to the world population (1). Exacerbation of the symptoms of the disease affects the quality of life as well as the cost of treatment. Complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease include respiratory failure, pneumonia or other respiratory infections, right heart failure (pulmonary heart), arrhythmias, and depression. Asthma control is determined by the frequency of symptoms during the day, activity limitations, nocturnal symptoms, the need for essential medications, and lung function (4).
Studies show that unhealthy lifestyles such as inactivity and obesity are associated with negative health consequences in asthma patients, including poor asthma control (5). Among the measures taken to relieve symptoms and improve the functional status of patients with these diseases are pulmonary rehabilitation and breathing exercise and exercise programs that are part of it are used to improve functional status (6). Numerous clinical studies have shown that exercise, as part of a pulmonary rehabilitation program, improves asthma control and overall physical fitness in people with asthma and reduces hospitalization rates (7). Resistance training and strengthening the muscles of inhaling and exhaling are among the techniques that increase respiratory function in respiratory patients (8).
Regarding the beneficial effects of exercise in asthma patients, many studies have shown that physical activity and regular exercise play a beneficial role in reducing respiratory tract inflammation, shortness of breath and improving or maintaining pulmonary capacity such as Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and has a Forced vital capacity (FVC) throughout the life of asthma patients (9-12). However, some studies have shown that during the period of sports interventions, patients had emergency conditions and exacerbation of asthma (13,14). Turner et al. Found that some patients had exacerbated asthma during exercise (14).
Asthma in adolescents and children can have detrimental effects on their mood and social activities. Over the past decades, a 100% increase in childhood obesity has been implicated in the prevalence of asthma because it affects the physiopathology and mechanics of the lungs. Because maintaining asthma control through medication is at a difficult level, it seems that getting help from lifestyle changes, such as including regular physical activity in the asthma patients' lifestyle, can help control asthma (8). Recent evidence in systematic studies has led to the support of aerobic exercise as an aid to the treatment of asthma, and despite standard treatment, its supply to asthma patients has become essential. However, the role of regular exercise, especially breathing exercises, in very limited asthma control has been investigated. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of eight weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on FVC and  FEV1 in mature and immature girls with asthma in humid environment.

In this semi- experimental trial, 60 girls students with asthma (30 mature and 30 immature girls; with average age of 8-18 years) from Rasht city were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups include exercise and control. The aerobic exercise program was performed with intensity of  45-75% of maximum heart rate, 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Spirometry test was performed to determine pulmonary function before and after the training protocol. Data were analyzed using 2-factor analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test at the p≤0.05. 

Aerobic exercise led to significant increase in FEV1 in girls with asthma (P= 0.000). There was no significant difference between the effect of aerobic exercise on FEV1 in mature and immature girls with asthma. Aerobic exercise led to significant increase in FVC in girls with asthma (P= 0.000). There was no significant difference between the mean FVC of mature and immature girls with asthma.

The results of the present study showed that after the intervention period, FEV1 levels  significantly increases in girls with asthma. Also, the mean FEV1 of adult girls was significantly higher than immature girls with asthma. The results showed that increasing FEV1 had beneficial effect on improving asthma control. The results of the present study are consistent with some previous findings (20-22). Increasing or improving pulmonary function with exercise seems to be related to reducing airway resistance, increasing airway diameter, as well as strengthening the respiratory muscles and the elastic properties of the lungs and chest. On the other hand, the effects of adrenaline and cortisol may be effective. Increased activity of the adrenaline system during exercise reduces the reversibility of the lungs and dilation of the pulmonary arteries. Also, the increase in plasma levels of cortisol as a bronchodilator is a very strong and strong production of surfactant in the lungs (19). Asthma is classified clinically according to the frequency of symptoms, expiratory volume with pressure per second (FEV1) and maximum expiratory flow rate (23). Strengthening the respiratory muscles, increasing the effective tail force due to strengthening the elasticity of the main and auxiliary intercostal muscle fibers, reducing obesity and thus reducing the pressure caused by the accumulation of fat around the chest have been reported as mechanisms of effect of exercise in improving lung function (25). In the present study, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise increased FVC in girls with asthma. The findings of our study also showed that aerobic exercise along with resistance exercise can be associated with an increase in  spirometry indices FEV1 and FVC. These results are consistent with the results of previous research (20-22). The value of the FVC index depends on the elasticity of the lungs, the authority of the airways. Studies have shown that the elasticity of the lungs, the position of the ducts between the alveolar region and the location of the stenosis and dilatation of the airway wall are effective physiological mechanisms in determining airflow at this stage. The increase in FVC appears to be due to aerobic exercise due to increased lung volume and elastic reversal of the lungs (11). There were some limitations in the present study; One of the limitations of the present study is the lack of measurement of lung function following ventilation. To determine whether the adjustments we observed are the result of exercise or increased ventilation, future studies should examine the effects of over-ventilation on changes in respiratory muscle strength and respiratory volume. Also, more research is needed to understand the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on respiratory volume. The results of this study showed that regular exercise with increased activity tolerance can facilitate the transfer of oxygen to body tissues. As a result, eight weeks of moderate aerobic exercise can cause a positive and favorable change in FEV1 and FVC indices in mature and immature girls with asthma.

Allergen exposure and sensitivity, asthma progression, and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) are interconnected. The relationship between mite sensitivity and lung function is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mite allergy and   pulmonary function decline in patients with asthma referred to Deziani Allergy Clinic in 2017.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients referred to Deziani Allergy Clinic in Gorgan in 2017. The patients were included in the study based on the clinical criteria for asthma. Mite antigen skin test was performed for all patients, and they were divided into two groups: sensitive and non-sensitive. A pulmonologist, allergist, and clinical immunologist performed a pulmonary function test (PFT) and bronchial stimulation test to confirm and evaluate the severity of asthma. Pulmonary function data were statistically compared between the two groups.

In total, 382 patients with a mean age of 42.75±16.50, including 146 (38.2%) males and 236 (61.8%) females, were included in the study. Moreover, 144 (37.7%), 101 (26.4%), and 137 (35.9%) patients had mild, moderate, and severe asthma, respectively. In addition, 173 (45.3%) cases were sensitive to mites. The FVC, FEV1, and FEF 25-75 values were significantly lower in patients with sensitivity, compared to the group without mite sensitivity (P<0.05). PFT results in females sensitive to mites were significantly lower in all cases, except for FEV1/FVC (P<0.050). The use of bronchodilators was significantly associated with improved pulmonary function in those who were over the age of 45 years (P=0.05).

Patients with mite allergy have poorer pulmonary function, and it plays an obvious role in the severity of asthma symptoms. Pulmonary specialists can help better control and reduce these patients' symptoms by adopting appropriate treatment programs, including improving the living environment and presenting the necessary guidelines to reduce contact with this allergen.

</span> Asthma is a psychosomatic disease with different physical and mental dimensions, each of which can aggravate the other. Properly treating this disease requires appropriate medical and psychological measures. Psychologists are interested in the widespread prevalence of psychological disorders, especially anxiety and depression, among patients with asthma. Research shows that people with asthma who report more symptoms of anxiety are more likely to need medical treatment, frequent hospitalizations, and emergencies. These people are more incapable of daily activities and show more behavioral problems. One of the most critical issues among patients is adherence to treatment because non –compliance is always an important and multifaceted problem in the field of health. So, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation and positive psychology on anxiety and adherence to treatment in patients with asthma.</span></span>

</span>The present quasi –experimental study employed a pretest –posttest and three –month follow –up design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with asthma referred to the specialized and sub –specialized center of Milad Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Of whom, 45 eligible individuals (based on inclusion and exclusion criteria) volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned to three groups: positive psychology training, stress inoculation training, and the control group. Data were collected using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (Morisky et al., 1986). Positive psychotherapy training was conducted in fourteen 90 –minute sessions twice a week for two months. Immunization training against stress was conducted during nine 90 –minute sessions. No intervention was provided for the control group.</span> Central and dispersion indices such as mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. For data analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance, Tukey and Bonferroni post hoc tests, analysis of variance, and the Chi –square test were used in SPSS.22 software. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05. </span></span>

</span> The analysis of variance of variables of anxiety and adherence to treatment was significant for time effect (p<0.001), group effect (p<0.001), and time*group effect (p<0.001). Positive psychology training and stress inoculation training were effective on anxiety (p<0.001) and adherence to treatment (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the two types of training in variables of anxiety (p=0.017) and adherence to treatment (p<0.001). In the experimental groups, the mean scores of variables of anxiety and adherence to treatment in the posttest and follow –up stages were significantly different from the pretest stage (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the posttest and follow –up stages in the mean scores of variables of anxiety (p=0.105) and adherence to treatment (p=0.804), indicating the durability of the effectiveness of the two types of training over time.</span></span></span>

</span> Based on the findings of this study, positive psychology training had a greater effect on reducing anxiety and increasing adherence to treatment of patients with asthma than stress inoculation training.</span></span></span></span>

Having a health-promoting lifestyle can improves the course of asthma. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of health-promoting lifestyle education on physical symptoms and illness perception in patients with asthma.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design that was conducted on 30 patients with asthma referred to Shahid Fayyazbakhsh Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2020, who were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n=15) and control (n=15). The instruments were the Illness Perception Questionnaire and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Th educational program was presented to the intervention group at 6 sessions, each for 90 minutes. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS v. 24 software.

The effect of group (η2=0.161, P=0.002), time (η2=0.720, P=0.001), and the interaction effect of time and group (η2=0.606, P=0.001) on physical symptoms, and the effect of group (η2=0.132, P=0.006), time (η2=0.760, P=0.001), and the interaction effect of time and group (η2=0.695, P=0.001) on illness perception were significant.

The health-promoting lifestyle education is effective in improving the symptoms and illness perception in patients with asthma. The officials and professionals in the health sector are recommended to provide behavioral interventions such as health-promoting lifestyle education for patients with asthma, in addition to medical treatments.

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases which has become more prevalent over the past three decades. Seroflo and Seretide are inhalers that contain fluticasone (an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid) and salmeterol (a long-acting bronchodilator). This study aimed to compare the effects of Seroflo and Seretide nasal sprays on spirometry criteria and clinical symptoms in pediatric patients with moderate to severe asthma.

A retrospective study was performed using the medical records of 42 patients aged 6-15 years with a history of moderate-to-severe persistent asthma who were treated with Seroflo (group A)and Seretide (group B) inhalers in Shahid Motahari Hospital (affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences). Data, including age, gender, clinical symptoms (coughs and shortness of breath), and spirometry variables were documented in pre-made checklists. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS V22.

Changes in PEF and FEV1 (parameters of treatment responses) were statistically significant in both groups (P<0.05), but no significant differences were observed in these parameters between the two groups (P>0.05). In this study, treatment with Seroflo caused more significant relief in clinical symptoms, including coughs, intermittent shortness of breath, daily attacks, and wheezing compared to Seretide after one and three months of treatment (P<0.05).

This study suggested that Seroflo and Seretide inhalers improved the spirometry indices to a similar degree, but treatment with Seroflo relieved the patients’ clinical symptoms more than Seretide.

Asthma is an airway disease that threatens the lives of more than millions of people .The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of stress and depression in people with asthma aged 18-55 years in Sanandaj.

The method of the present study was a case study and patients with asthma referred to the Asthma and Allergy Clinic were selected by convenience sampling method and by obtaining their satisfaction using the Cohen Stress and Beck Depression Inventory, the required data were collected.106 patients with asthma and 106 healthy individuals in the case and control groups were matched in terms of age and sex. In this study, absolute and relative frequencies were used to describe qualitative variables and mean and standard deviation were used to describe quantitative variables. Multiple logistic regression model was also used to investigate the relationship between asthma and stress and depression. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-test independently using SPSS software version 23.

According to the results of the multiple logistic regression model, by adjusting the effect of the studied demographic variables, a significant relationship between depression and asthma was observed (P=0.018); Accordingly, one unit increase in depression scores increases the odds of asthma by 10%. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between stress and asthma (P=0.684).

The results of the study show the high level of stress and depression in the examination group compared to the control group. Also, the variable of depression as a possible risk factor can increase the chance of developing asthma, which needs further investigation in future studies.

Asthma is a chronic airway disorder with a rising prevalence. Dietary factors, antioxidant indicators and vitamin D deficiency are associated with the disease. Due to the presence of receptors for this vitamin in the lung, this study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D administration on lung function, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level and total serum antioxidant activity in patients with moderate to severe asthma.

In this clinical trial, 60 patients with asthma were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (placebo recipient) and an intervention group (recipient of 2,000 vitamin D capsules for 12 weeks). At the beginning and at the end of the study, 5 cc blood samples were taken from each patient, and spirometry test was performed. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), IgE and vitamin D parameters were measured.

The mean score of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC in both groups as well as the mean FVC in the control group did not change significantly after the intervention. The mean FVC score, vitamin D level and TAC in the intervention group increased significantly after the intervention, while the IgE levels reduced significantly.

Taking vitamin D tablets could increase the antioxidant parameters in asthmatic patients.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract and one of the most common diseases causing disability and obstruction of the airways. Regular exercise can reduce chronic illnesses such as asthma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on some of the pulmonary parameters and heart rate reserve of women with mild asthma.

In this quasi-experimental and applied research, 20 women aged 20 to 40 years old with mild asthma who were admitted to Imam Hospital Respiratory Testing Center in 2018 voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group performed an 8-week exercise program on a bicycle ergometer with an intensity of 70-80% of maximal heart rate 20-30 minutes 3 times a week, and the control group underwent pharmacotherapy. After the training program, both groups were tested. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance, independent t-test and paired t-test.

According to the results, FVC decreased in both groups but the decrease was not significant (0.236). The variable FEV1 decreased in the exercise group and the decrease was significant (0.034). The FEV1 / FVC ratio in both groups increased compared to the pretest and a significant difference was observed between the two groups (0.027). There was an increase in the Heart Rate Reserve in the post-test in both groups and no significant difference was observed between the two groups (0.117).

Intense intermittent exercise had no effect on improving the clinical manifestations of mild asthma, but improved the quality of life and function of some pulmonary parameters of asthmatic women and also slightly improved the function of respiratory muscles and airways.

Asthma is a chronic disease usually characterized by periodic wheezing, coughs, and shortness ofbreath as a result of hyper responsiveness and inflammation of the airway. The purpose of this study was to assessthe correlation between the results of single breath counting and peak expiratory flow rate methods in evaluation ofpulmonary function among patients presenting to the emergency department with acute asthma attack.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 33 patients with complaint of acute asthma attack before and after theinitial treatment, peak flowmetry, and Single Breath Counting (SBC) were performed. A checklist including age, sex,respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, asthma severity, SBC, and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was filled outbefore and after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between data using SPSSv.26.

33 patients, including 13 women and 20 men with the mean age of 32.39±10.58 years were studied.Statistical analysis showed a significant direct linear relationship between SBC and PEFR before and after treatment,percentage of oxygen saturation changes, and between percentage of SBC changes with PEFR (r = 0.933, r = 0.915,and r = 0.892, respectively) and a significant inverse linear relationship was observed between PEFR and SBC withasthma severity (P <0.05). There was no significant inverse linear relationship between SBC and the percentage ofchanges in respiratory rate (r = -0.279, P> 0.05).

The results can indicate the competency of SBC toreplace PEFR in evaluation of pulmonary function in adult patients presenting to the emergency department withacute asthma attack.

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in children. Most of the asthmatic patients are considered mild; however, 5-10% of patients suffer from severe disease Asthma has a considerable impact on patients' quality of life, especially among severe asthmatic patients. This study was designed to evaluate the quality of life in 8-12-year-old asthmatic patients.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018 using the Persian version of PedsQLTM 4,0 questionnaire. A total of 140 asthmatic patients who referred to allergy clinic in Karaj , were diagnosed by an allergist with 140 healthy children as the control group were enrolled.

More than half of the patients and control group were boys (n=85; 58.6%). The mean total score of PedsQLTM 4,0 in the asthmatic group was 23.11 (SD=15.60) comparing to 8.96 (SD=9.89) in the control group (P<0.001). All different aspects of quality of life; physical performance, social function, emotional performance, and performance in school were significantly lower in asthmatic group. The quality of life score was considerably lower in patients with a history of hospital admission and patients with high steps of asthma severity (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the score of PedsQLTM 4,0 between girls and boys (P>0.05).

Asthma has a significantly adverse effect on different aspects of children's quality of life including physical performance, social function, emotional performance and performance in school in Karaj city.