جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "آلاینده مسئول" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Introduction & Air pollution is one of the main problems of megacities and threatens the health of residents seriously. Pollutant changes surveys, comparison with standards, and informing the health authorities and public, therefore, is essential to develop preventive schemes. Isfahan and Shiraz are the major cities of Iran and air quality of them is very important. This study was conducted to determine the Comparative Investigation of air quality Health in Tehran metropolis based on air quality index over a period of five years (2011-2015).
This Study was a descriptive–analytic study. In order to AQI determination, At first , hourly data of four criteria pollutants were taken from the environmental protection agency tehran and Air Quality Control Company and validated according to the WHO guidelines and based on standard table and equation, daily AQI was determined for each pollutant. The highest value between the calculated indexes for all of the stations and the pollutant that was responsible for this index, introduced as a final index and responsible pollutant of day, respectively.
Results showed that, Air quality in Tehran in years 93-89 respectively.327, 330, 343, 350, and 352 days of year, the AQI was over the Environment Protection agency of Iran's standard, respectively. Also in all of the cities the PM2/5 was the main responsible pollutant.
By comparing air quality in Tehran in five years showed that the air quality is not proper in terms of health status and level of air pollution in Tehran is increasing.

Air pollution can affect human health, plants, buildings and environment in many ways. Hence the aim of this study was determined to compare the air quality in six industrial cities (Tehran, Tabriz, Mashhad, Urmia, Ahvaz and Irak) by using air quality index (AQI) in 2011-2012. In order to AQI determination, hourly data of five criteria pollutants taken from the environmental protection agency of each city and validated according to the WHO guidelines. The valid data converted to standard concentrations according to the guidelines and based on standard table and equation, daily AQI was determined for each pollutant. The highest value between the calculated indexes for all of the stations and the pollutant that was responsible for this index, introduced as a final index and responsible pollutant of day, respectively. The findings showed that in Tehran, Tabriz, Mashhad, Urmia, Ahvaz and Irak in 341, 139, 347, 28, 162 and 81 days of year, the AQI was over the Environment Protection agency of Iran's standard, respectively. Also in all of the cities the particulate matter (PM) was the main responsible pollutant. Comparing the air quality in these cities indicated that Urmia and Irak have average condition but the other cities conditions are far from the ideal.

Human health has faced serious risks due to air pollution as a consequence of urbanization. So the World Health Organization has reported more than 1.3 million premature deaths due to urban air pollution in 2010. Continuous monitoring of air quality to determine pollutants and identify their emissions sources are considered as the key strategies for air pollution control. The main objective of this study was evaluation of Urmia air quality and determination of responsible pollutants in 2011-2012. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, the instantaneous concentrations of air pollutants including CO, SO2, NO2 and PM10 were measured at the four stations of Urmia during 2011-2012 by Enviro SA and Ecotec analyzers. Air Quality Index (AQI) was calculated based on interpolation between concentrations of four criteria pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO). Then, Urmia air quality based on AQI was classified in groups of good, moderate, unhealthy for the sensitive people, unhealthy, very unhealthy and dangerous. The results of the air quality index indicated that the air quality in 25 days was exceeded the standards in Urmia in 2011-2012. The air quality category included 17 days unhealthy for sensitive groups, 3 days unhealthy, 3 days very unhealthy and 2 days dangerous. Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide were as the largest responsible pollutants in non-standard conditions for Urmia air pollution, respectively. Incoming particles to the northwest, high vehicle per capita, inversion occurs, use of fossil fuels for heating are the main causes of Urmia air pollution. Common management with Northwest neighbor countries to the control particles emission at the source, green belt creation around the Urmia city, optimizing public transportation, considering environmental standards at the urban transportation management and promoting thermal insulation in residential buildings are the most appropriate strategies proposed to control Urmia air pollution.

Air pollution is one of the most important problems in industrial cities and has affect on the lives of all people. In order to set the control programs, air pollution monitoring and determination of air quality are necessary. The aim of this study was to compare health quality of air in Tehran and Isfahan cities. This was a descriptive–analytic study. The moment concentrations of Tehran and Isfahan air pollutants was gathered through Direct reading method and referring to the Environmental protection organization, respectively. Then, Pollution Standard Index (PSI) was calculated based on the five criteria pollutants levels (O3, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO) for Tehran and Isfahan cities through linear interpolation. Based on these levels and with regard to the National air quality standards for each pollutant air quality was categorized as good, moderate, unhealthy, very unhealthy and dangers in 2008-2009. Data were analyzed using t-test and SPSS software V.16. The results showed that in 2008-2009, with attention to Iran environmental protection organization standards, in 43 and 67 days, PSI was lower than 100 and in the other 323 and 299 days, PSI was higher than 100, respectively for Tehran and Isfahan. The critical pollutant was ozone and carbon monoxide in summer and carbon monoxide and Particulate Matter (PM10) in winter, respectively for Tehran and Isfahan. T-test between PSI mean of two cities showed a significant difference (p-value <0.0001). The air quality of the two cities was unhealthy in 2008-2009 and was in the very “serious situation” with regard to public health, especially for sensitive groups.

In recent years, because of excessive population growth, increasing of vehicles and developing of the industries, Tehran has been encountered with serious environmental crisis, such as air pollution. So, for setting the control programs, air pollution monitoring and determination of Tehran air quality are necessary

In the present study, Tehran air quality index (AQI) was calculated based on the five criteria pollutants levels (O levels in 1387 and with regarding to the national air quality standards for each pollutant categorized as good, moderate, unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy and very unhealthy.

The results of this research showed that in 2008-2009, with attention to United State environmental protection agency standards, in 43 days, air quality index was calculated lower than 100 and in the other 323 days, air quality index was higher than 100, that unhealthy for sensitive groups, very unhealthy and unhealthy was 40%, 27% and 21%, respectively. Also, in the summer, ozone and in the winter, carbon monoxide was determined as the pollutant responsible for the highest index value that is called the ''critical'' pollutant. The most polluted months with the average index of 204 and 214 were occurred in Tir (22 June to22 July) and Mordad (23 July to 22 August), respectively.

comparison of the results of this study with others can be found that Tehran air quality did not improved and is in the very serious situation with regarding to public health, especially for sensitive groups. 3, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO) through linear interpolation based on these