جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اختلالات تکلم" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

It has long been hypothesised that the human capability to acquire the language is in some way encoded by our genetic structure. However, only recently has genetic evidence been accessible to substantiate the plausible genetic basis of language. Over the last decade, genetic variants have been identified which may predispose people to different aspects of speech and language difficulties. Speech and language disorders cover a wide range of conditions with heterogeneous and overlapping phenotypes and complicated etiologies harboring both genetic and environmental influences.
In this review of the literature, a systematic search in international electronic databases (Googlescholar, Pubmed, Sciencedirect and Scopus) was conducted and the English related articles for this subject were extracted through the selection of key words such as Language, genetics, FOXP2, candidate genes, etc.
In this review article, it was discussed how the identification and study of specific genes, including FOXP2, CNTNAP2, FOXP1, DCDC2, DYX1C1, ROBO1, KIAA0319, ATP2C2, CMIP, CYP19A1, SRPX2, MRPL19, C2ORF3, DOCK4, could enhance our understanding of the etiology of speech and language disorders and the biological foundations of language acquisition.
The identification of genes linked to speech and language phenotypes and therefore the characterization of normal and aberrant functions of these genes have, in recent years, unraveled complicated details of molecular and cognitive mechanisms and provided valuable insight into the biological basis of language.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that makes different symptoms the most disabling symptom of which is speech impairment that has significant effect on patients’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of speech impairment and its influential factors among Iranian patients afflicted with MS. Methods and Materials: The records of 4553 patients registered in Iranian MS Society between 1998 and 2005 were studied and 3165 of them with complete profiles about speech impairments were included. Analyzing the data, SPSS software version 15 was used. Speech impairment was seen in 37.4% of patients. The frequency of this impairment was higher among male (P<0.001), unemployed (P<0.05), and with lower educational level patients (P<0.001). Also patients with speech impairment had a higher mean age (P<0.001). The frequency of patients with speech impairment in relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive MS, in contrast with patients without this impairment was lower, higher, and higher respectively (P<0.001). The mean age of onset of patients with speech impairment was higher (P<0.05). Speech impairment was more frequent among patients with onset symptoms of motor or balance impairment (P<0.05) and less frequent in patients with onset symptoms of sensory impairment (P<0.001). The frequency of speech impairment was higher among Iranian patients compared with previous studies in western countries. The impairment was more frequent among male, unemployed, with lower educational level, and older patients and also among patents who were in progressive forms of MS, with higher mean age of onset and patients with onset symptoms of motor or balance impairment.