جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اختلالات عضلانی- اسکلتی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Dentists are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to their job characteristics. The purpose of this study was to compare the posture and musculoskeletal disorders of dentists with high and low work experience.

This analytical cross-sectional study research was conducted on 76 dentists in Urmia city. Based on work experience, the samples were divided into two groups: less experienced (less than 15 years) and experienced (15 years and more). The variables of forward head, kyphosis, round shoulder, and musculoskeletal disorders were compared in two groups. Forward head and round shoulder variables were evaluated by photography, kyphosis variable by flexible ruler, and musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated by Nordic questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Leven test, independent t-test and Yeoman-Whitney test).

The independent t-test results showed that the angle of forward head, round shoulder, and kyphosis was higher in the high work-experience group than that of the low work-experience group (P=0.001). In comparing the prevalence of neck disorders, the results were significant such that the experienced group had more neck disorders (P=0.002). However, in examining the difference in the amount of disorders in other parts of the body, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Experienced dentists had a higher degree of forward head, round shoulder and kyphosis positions. Although, there are musculoskeletal disorders in both groups of dentists with low and high level of experience, neck disorders were more common in high-experienced dentists than that of low-experienced ones.

Musculoskeletal disorders are global problems and have a significant impact on quality of life. Studies show that the symptoms are shown in dental students before graduation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dental students.

This study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study. The study population was dental students working in pre-clinics and clinics of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was Nordic standard questionnaire. The collected data were entered in SPSS 22 statistical software and were analyzed.

The data of 121 participants were analyzed. 84 participants (%69.4)had felt pain, discomfort or numbness in at least one part of their body which was mostly in neck (%45.5). No significant relationship was found between right handed/ left handed variables and musculoskeletal disorders (P-Value= 0.862).

The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dental students is high. Prevalence measures and further educations must be provided in dental schools.

Despite the main role of cranes in advancing construction operations, however, accidents and occupational injuries resulting from their activities have become a critical issue. Recent evidence suggests that the cause of these problems may be associated with the absence of design of the interior space of the crane cabin, and the tasks of the operators, based on ergonomic principles. This study was conducted to assess the ergonomic risk of the tower crane operator’s activities and redesigning the dimensions and interior space of these cranes, based on the anthropometric dimensions of Iranian operators.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 30 male tower crane operators working on three major construction projects in Tehran were investigated. Initially, a multi-step approach was applied to define the problem, including: observing the working statuses, interviewing operators, Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire, and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method. Then, using anthropometric data, the dimensions and interior space of the crane chamber were redesigned.

The results of the rapid upper limb assessment method showed that the activities of tower crane operators were at high and very high-risk levels. Also, 85% and 38.5% of these people reported pain and discomfort in one of the nine areas of their body in the last 12 months and 7 days, respectively. In this study, the dimensions of the interior space of the redesigned tower crane cabin were obtained 160.8×144.1×199.7.

Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the current interior design of the tower crane cabin does not fulfill the needs of the operators. Hence, redesigning it appears essential to enhance human-machine compatibility, improve safety and productivity, and prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).

Date palm is one of the main crops and the main resource of food and income of people in Western Asia and North Africa regions. Date fruit contains a lot of carbohydrates, vitamins, and calories. A wide range of products and byproducts is produced by date fruit and date palm wood. In recent decades, agricultural mechanization has had great development. An increase in product quantity and productivity, mitigation of production costs in the largescale farms, and lowering the need to use human power have been the main outcomes of agricultural mechanization. However, agricultural mechanization has highly focused on agronomic crops and horticultural crops have a lower benefit of technology. It implies that cultivation in orchards has been labor-intensive and highly required human power. It has caused the prevalence of safety and health hazards in horticulture activities, especially in date palm orchards. Date palm crown access is an important activity in the date palm orchards, which is associated with human efforts and hard work. Date palm service machines have been designed to access the crown, but they have been not widely accepted and adopted by farmers. Therefore, despite the important situation of date fruit in Iran and the development of agricultural mechanization, date palm crown access operation is still performed traditionally associated with ergonomic and health problems. In the most of main date fruit producer regions, the climbing worker uses a rope called “Parvand” to climb the date palm trunk. The worker uses the rest of the cut leaves as the ladder to step on them. This causes an unsafe condition, which may increase the risk of fall from height. Additionally, work under solar radiation and high temperatures may result in sunstroke and lowering productivity. It should be noted that the death rate resulted from heatwaves is around ten times higher than the average death rate of other weather hazards. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in some segments of the body are the other occupational problem of traditional date palm crown access. Encountering date fruit production chain, especially date palm crown access mechanization with safety and health problems may cause problems in the way of sustainable agricultural development in date palm cultivation. Mechanization has an important role in the formation of sustainable agricultural development. As around eighty percent of poor families live in villages and strongly depend on agriculture, by a reduction in occupational hazards, migration from villages to cities could be alleviated. This helps sustainable date palm cultivation. In the present study, the mentioned concern was addressed. Additionally, as fall from height was a major safety issue in date palm orchard operations, the occurrence and severity degree of contributing factors of fall from date palm were investigated.

The present study was conducted in two parts of library and field research. In the library research, the reasons for the prevalence of ergonomic and safety problems in the date palm crown access were addressed. Sustainable agricultural development aspects were investigated concerning these reasons. SWOT and TOWS matrixes were used to analyze the strategies mitigating these problems. In the SWOT matrix, the strengths and weaknesses of date palm crown access were accounted for as internal factors and opportunities and threats were accounted for as external factors. Then, according to the internal and external factors and using TOWS, some strategies to mitigate the prevalence of ergonomic and safety problems in the date palm crown access. These strategies are divided into four binaries as follows: weakness-opportunity, weakness-threat, strengthopportunity, and strength-threat. In the field research, data were collected in six main date fruit producer provinces as follows: Hormozgan, Kerman, Fars, Sistan and Baluchistan, Bushehr, and Khuzestan. 117 participants with at least two years of work experience were recruited. The mean age, stature, weight, and body mass index of the participants were 37.2 years, 1.74 meters, 74.0 kilograms, and 24.5 kilograms per square meter, respectively. Contributing factors causing fall from date palm were collected using literature and asking date palm orchard farmers. The data of occurrence degree of contributing factors causing fall from date palm was achieved by asking participants about the probability of fall from the date palm. The answer was “yes” or “no”. By summing answers including “yes” and dividing them by summation of all answers, the occurrence degree of the contributing factor was calculated. The severity degree of contributing factors of fall from date palm was quantitated using the visual analog scale. The visual analog scale was a 10 centimeters horizontal bar with two anchors of zero and 10, which showed “negligible” and “very severe”, respectively. Participants were asked to mark a point in this bar. Distance between zero and that point showed the severity degree of the contributing factor. The severity degree of each contributing factor was categorized into three levels of “low”, “medium”, and “high”. This categorizing was performed with Microsoft Excel ver. 2010. Spearman coefficient correlation used to investigate the relation between occurrence and severity degrees. It was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 24 (IBM Corporation, USA).

Problems related to ergonomic factors (inappropriate compromising between system productivity and human health, and mismatching machine characteristics with human ergonomic factors), the economic situation of date fruit producers, field (orchard) size and conditions, economic development level of the region where the infrastructures are not provided, and lack of awareness and knowledge could cause inappropriate adoption of the mechanization of date palm crown access. To sustainably develop the date palm crown access mechanization, all aspects of sustainability should be simultaneously addressed. Three aspects of sustainable agricultural development were shown concerning the reasons for the prevalence of ergonomic and safety problems resulted from unaccepting date palm crown access mechanization in Fig. 1. Results of the SWOT matrix expressed “inappropriate maneuverability of service machine” as a weakness and “existing potentials to design and apply the simple, inexpensive tools” as an opportunity point. SWOT matrix generated a strategy titled “utilizing amended simple, inexpensive tools to cover the inappropriate maneuverability of service machine” using weakness- opportunity binary. Since “existing media and communication technologies” was regarded as an opportunity point, and “higher ascending and descending speed”, “improvement of kilogram fruit harvested per one man-hour”, “being safer”, and “reduction in harvest losses” were regarded as strength points, a strength-opportunity titled “recruiting media and communication technologies to announce the advantages of service machines” was introduced by SWOT. The rest of SWOT strategies were also generated based on SWOT outcomes as follows: “recruiting media and communication technologies to help the establishment of the expert groups or sessions to amend the service machine designs” (weakness- opportunity); “giving the awareness and knowledge about date palm planting in a good order so that machines better maneuver” (weaknessopportunity); “attempting to decrease in the expense of machines with clearing the major governmental managers about the urgency of concern to reinforce farmers to prepare them” (weakness-threat); “studying and amending simple, inexpensive, and small-scale tools matched with the economic situation of farmers, simultaneously covering the weaknesses service machines as possible” (weakness-threat); “higher performance (kilogram fruit harvested per hectare) with service machines” ; “an encouragement for low-income or even unemployed date palm workers” (strengththreat). The contributing factors of fall from date palm were listed as follows: trunk rottenness; losing body balance due to inappropriate guard and support; rottenness of Parvand; being injured due to thorn; being scared or injured by snack, scorpion, or bee; inappropriate visibility when descending; being injured by scythe or saw; being fatigue at the height; trunk with smooth and even surface; distraction and wackiness. The highest occurrence degree was recorded for trunk rottenness with 91.5% and the lowest one was for heat with 24.8%. The rottenness of Parvand had the second occurrence degree (91.5%) after trunk rottenness. 75.2% of participants expressed the trunk rottenness with a high degree of severity and heat with a low degree of severity. The high degree of severity was 62.4% for rottenness of Parvand and the low degree of severity was 70.9% for being injured due to thorn. A significant linkage was found between occurrence and severity degrees (Spearman coefficient correlation: 0.398, sig.: <0.001). It implied that if a contributing factor causing fall from date palm with a high occurrence degree occurs, it will result in a high degree of severity.

Operation of date palm crown access was associated with ergonomic and safety problems. Considering the strategies of management of strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat points in the mechanization of date palm crown access and the safety hazards which cause fall from height, the improving simple and inexpensive tools concerning the economic status of farmers, infrastructures, awareness and knowledge level, safety, ergonomic, and productivity aspects, and sustainability of farmers’ families may be a better remedial pathway. Simultaneously, researches to develop and spread the mechanization through date palm orchard activities should be attended to and supported until providing the necessary bases to realize them.

Musculoskeletal disorders is very common in drivers of public vehicles. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the correlation between muscle fatigue assessment (MFA) and Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ) in taxi drivers in Shahroud in 2017. This descriptive study was performed on 140 taxi drivers in Shahroud in 2017. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, CMDQ and MFA chart. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential statistics (Eta coefficient). The MFA results showed that 82% of lumbar muscle fatigue level was very high. The CMDQ results also showed that most musculoskeletal disorders was in the lower back and the least musculoskeletal disorders was in the forearm. Correlation between MFA and CMDQ showed that the highest correlation was in the back region with Eta=0.574 and the lowest correlation was in the neck region with Eta=0.294. The high correlation between MFA and CMDQ showed that MFA can be used instead of CMDQ. CMDQ is a self-report method and there is the possibility of non-cooperation or false report..

Nurses due to poor ergonomic conditions and postures are at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) more than other jobs. This study aimed to carry out the ergonomic risk assessment of MSDs using the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) technique among the nurses working in educational hospitals of Sari city.
In this descriptive-analytical study, 400 nurses were selected from educational hospitals of Sari city using the stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Nordic questionnaire of MSDs and quick exposure check technique (QEC). Data were analyzed using Chi-square, t-test and Pearson's correlation with the SPSS 18 software.
The results showed that low back disorders (55.8%) were the most prevalent disorders among nurses. The results of the QEC technique showed a high and very high risk of exposure to MSDs in 84.8% of the nurses. A significant relationship was found between MSDs and total risk of QEC (P = 0.001). Also, there was a significant relationship between work experience, sex, age and body mass index with MSDs (P In this study, the prevalence of MSDs was relatively high among the nurses and the most important reason was awkward postures during the work. So, any intervention for preventing MSDs should be focused on promoting the body posture during work and ergonomic interventions should be performed to reduce the risk level in the units with a higher risk.

The main problem in hospitals that leads to spread the musculoskeletal disorders among staff is related to the activities that achieved in order to carry and dislocate the patients. Since training has an important role in development of nurse’s safety, this study has done to determine the effect of training about carrying patients on musculoskeletal disorders among nurses assistance.
Material & This study was a non randomize experimental-clinical (quasi-experimental) that nurses assistance were the samples of the study. The research environment included emergency, internal, surgical and parts of the selected educational centers of iran university of medical sciences. The number of participants in the control and test group was 50, who were entered in to the study by using a complete sampling method. The data collection tools were demographic questionnaire and the Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire that were completed by the participants before intervention and 3 months later. The training programme for experimental group was performed during 3 sessions in the form of lectures, role playing, practical exercises, group discussion, question and answer with the use of slides, show clips, training booklet about how to carry patients were presented. Then the data was analyzed with SPSS soft-ware version 16 and using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency,frequency percent,mean and standard deviation and inferential tests such as chi-square, independent t-test and Fisher test.
Research results showed that frequency distribution musculoskeletal disorders in terms of pain and numbness in the experimental group before and after 3 months of training program intervention in the neck and shoulder (P=0/031) and back (P=0/008) organs, The difference was statistically significant. But compared with two groups control and experimental before and after the 3 month, musculoskeletal disorders only foot and ankle in nueses aid showed statistically significant statistical differences (P=0/006).
Although training program transport patients in this study only in reducing the frequency mean musculoskeletal disorders area of foot and ankle figure and failed to all musculoskeletal disorders , but these results could be due to the limitations need time to practice learned skills, a shortage of manpower, high workload and the lack of mechanical and electrical tools in the transportation of patients has arisen,and also the medical team staff still good enough and correct understanding of the importance of transport patients are not in need. As a result in addition to providing more effective training the abovementioned factors should also be considered.

Musculoskeletal disorders associated with patient transport are one of the most common occupational diseases in nursing staff. The objective of this study was to determine the understanding of nursing staffs about the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders associated with carriage of patients in educational centers of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2017.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 270 nursing staff were studied in 2017. The sampling method was proportional in this stratified study. In order to assess nurse's understanding about the risk factors that cause the development of musculoskeletal disorders, a 17-item questionnaire, which was based on a survey of Nigerian nurses working on musculoskeletal disorders, was used. After entering the data in SPSS 21, descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square, independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to achieve the goals and to answer the research questions.
The average working hours per week was 14.44±13.17 hours. 53.7% of nursing staff had self-treatment due to work-related problems. The most painful organ of the nursing staff was the lower back (42.8%) and neck (20.4%). The understanding of the majority (85.6%) of nursing staff was minimal in relation to the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders associated with carrying the patient. Work experience (P=0.031), work situation in the last 12 months (P=0.40) and job position (P=0.005) had a significant relationship with understanding.
According to the results of this study, considering the musculoskeletal disorders related to patients’ carriage among the nursing staff, education and improvement of existing conditions were necessary in order to reduce and prevent these disorders.

Nurses¡ due to work condition and stress that incur at the workplace¡ are at risk of developing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and this can be effective in development of burnout in these people. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs among nurses and its relationship with burnout.
This descriptive analytical study was performed on 400 nurses at Sari educational hospitals¡ during the first quarter of 2016. The samples were selected by random sampling. Data was collected using Nordic Musculoskeletal (NMQ) and Burnout questionnaires. Data was then analyzed by Chi-square¡ t-test and Pearson''s correlation in SPSS V.18.
The results showed that lower back disorders were the more prevalent (55.8%) disorders in nurses. Also¡ the majority of burnout was for reducing personal accomplishment (31.41 ± 7.39). A significant association was found between MSDs and reduction of personal accomplishment of Burnout (P = 0.001). Musculoskeletal Disorders were significantly associated with age¡ gender¡ body mass index and work experience. Also¡ there was a significant relationship between age and work experience with burnout (P In this study¡ physical condition and inappropriate environmental quality led to development of chronic musculoskeletal pains in nurses. Therefore¡ any intervention for prevention of MSDs and reduction of burnout should focus on reducing physical and psychological pressures and increasing supervisory support.

Background and Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common occupational health problems that have high costs and lead to productivity loss in nurses. On the other hand, work-related stress is another important factor that could result in reduced productivity in organizations and may lead to physical and mental problems in personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs among nurses and its relationship with occupation-related stress. This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 940 nurses in Sari hospitals. Census sampling was used to select the subjects. Data was collected using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and the HSE Indicator Tool. Data was then analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and Pearson's correlation in SPSS V.18. The results showed low back disorders were the more prevalent (60.9%) disorders in nurses. Significant association was found between work-related stress and musculoskeletal disorders (P<0.05). MSDs were significantly associated with age, gender, body mass index, and educational level. Also, there was a significant relationship between work experience, marital status and working system (different shifts or stable hours) with occupation-related stress (P<0.05). In this study, nurses had a relatively high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Most of them had moderate levels of work-related stress. So, any intervention for preventing MSDs and job stress should focus on reducing physical and psychological pressures and lead to involvement of nurses in decision-making processes.

The occupational musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in different jobs. These have effects on results of works. The main objective of this study was the determination of the occupational risk factors for upper limbs musculoskeletal disorders in educational employees. In this historical cohort study, 350 employees were chosen from educational institutes. During this study, all employees were considered from the aspect of musculoskeletal health and its dependent problems.. In present study, Nordic questionnaire along with RULA and a check list forthe risk factors were took advantage of. Finally, SPSS 16 software was used to analysis of the obtained data through T-Test, Chi-2 and relative risk (P<0.05). The obtained results showed that the frequencies of musculoskeletal disorders were less than other studies. In investigation and comparison of occupational risk factors in employees, it was revealed that, amongst the employees with musculoskeletal disorders, work with computer, work above the shoulderlevel, flexion and extension and twisting on upper limbs were significantly more than the others (P<0.05). Also, Family history, previous history of the same disorders, smoking and psychological stress were related with musculoskeletal disorders (P<0.05). There is an appropriate situation in the educational institutes from the aspect of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders existence. There are non occupational and occupational risk factors in the educational centers. In order to prevention of chronic disorders, annual examinations are recommended.

Rice farming need physical activity and can cause musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among farmers. Most of previous studies were focused on prevalence of MSD in other body regions such as lumbar region so this study had been performed for assessment of MSD prevalence in lower limbs of Iranian rice farmers.

This prospective study had been performed between March and October 2013 on 75 rice farmers and 75 non rice farmers of Babol city. Rice farming had been determined as exposure and MSD prevalence was assessed at three follow-up points in two, four and six months.

During six months follow-up, 47 farmer from exposure and 26 farmer from unexposed groups had been reported MSD at their lower limbs region. At two and fourth months after beginning the study, MSD prevalence in exposed group were significantly higher than unexposed group. At six months after follow up, MSD prevalence in lower limbs had non-significant differences between two groups.

Rice farming was known as one of the risk factors for development of MSD on lower limbs of Iranian rice farmers.

Due to shortage of studies about the high prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among dentists in Iran, we aimed at studying prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Tabriz dentists and determining the possible risk factors. In this descriptive-analytic study, 100 dentists (80 males and 20 females) in Tabriz, Iran were randomly recruited. Possible risk factors in work place were surveyed with a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and a schematic picture to determine the painful anatomic regions in the body. Prevalence of neck, low back, shoulder, wrist and hand pains was high (48%, 38%, 25%, and 25%, respectively). Between height<171 cm and non-exerciser dentists with thigh and hip pain, the non-adjustable setting units and wrist and hand pain, visiting 5-10 patients in a working day and knee pain, rest time less than five minutes between two consecutive visits and shoulder pain, not observing standard position during static, access to far objects in sitting position and thigh, hip and leg pain and prolonged posture and knee pain, repetitive activities and pain in neck, shoulder, thoracic, elbow, knee and leg, there was significant relationship (P<0.05). Neck and low back pain was very prevalent among dentists. Performing repetitive work in static posture was associated with the most of occupational related painful regions in the body.

Headache is one of the most common painful conditions that affects human and many reasons for it has been suggested. Despite a considerable amount of studies indicate that headaches originating from the cervical spine, it has a controversial role for cervical spine to create headaches. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between musculoskeletal cervical spine abnormalities and chronic headache This observational (case - control) analytical study conducted on fifty patient with chronic headache and fifty individuals as control who had not a headache and their related conditions referred to Neurological Clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Tehran. All studied individuals were matched for age and sex. Their musculoskeletal cervical spine abnormalities evaluated by history and physical examination then compared by statistical analysis like chi-square and t tests Several types of musculoskeletal abnormalities of cervical spine including Limitation of Motion, joint tenderness, trigger point and cervical & shoulder muscular tenderness had significant difference in prevalence between patients with headache and control groups Cervical spine disorders could be cause of headache and we can help the patients with chronic headache by diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal cervical spine abnormalities.

Musculoskeletal pain is common in elderly people with prevalence range from 10% to 71%. Musculoskeletal pain is found to be a strong risk factor for disability in elderly woman. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of physical impairment of elderly people. Methods & Materials: A physiotherapist has evaluated elderly persons files in four physiotherapy centers during 1384-85. Knee osteoarthritis and low back pain respectively were the most common causes of physical impairment in elderly women. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is increasing. This increase is likely due to several factors: advancing age of population, increasing injuries and rapidly advancing rates of obesity. Age–related change of intervertebral disks, decreased back muscle strength and decreased bone mineral density may lead to low back pain. Knee osteoarthritis and low back pain are the most commom causes of physical impairment.

Background and aim s   The science of improvement and correction of work- environment  occupation, equipment, and accordance that with abilities and limitations, is Ergonomy. use of ergonomic principles and education in this field, has important role in productivity of management in each organization. without doing of this principle would decrease effectiveness, efficiency and  productivity of organization. The goal of this research is definition of ergonomic status among of  personnel in work-station of laboratory of Esfahan university hospitals and definition of relative  frequency incidence ergonomic disorders among this personnel .   Methods   This research is descriptive, cross-sectional, applied-basic research. The studied population of this research are the personnel of laboratory of independent hospitals to  Esfahan medical science of university in Esfahan .The time of doing it, is six month second in   1383. For doing this research, enumeration way was used and 143 of them, complemented.  the questionnaire completely. The equipment of this research is NORDIC Disorders Questionnaire   Results   With analysis of information of completed questionnaires, personnel have had maximum  disorders in neck and knee with (%57/3)and minimum disorders in thigh and elbow with(%19/6)  and was defined the relative frequency of disorders ergonomic among studied-personnel for the  hours, shift, years of work and got the results. The personnel that is work From 41 to 70 hours in a week, and the their of work shift is afternoon and night have the most disorders.   Conclusion   The execution of ergonomic principles by use of standard equipment such as ,   standard work tables in laboratory , flexible and comfortable Chairs, and sufficient light for  laboratory environment, could reduce ergonomic disorders especially for neck and knee that reduce of these disorders has an important role in increase of productivity of human resources and existence of motive for achieve of organization goals.