جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ارزیابی خطر بهداشتی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Due to the continued urbanization and industrialization in most parts of the world, metals are constantly being introduced into the soil environment and posing a major threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination of Esfarayen surface soils with heavy metals and its hazards to human health.

Surface soil samples were collected from 5 areas with different land uses in Esfarayen. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil was measured by ICP-OES. Contamination factors (Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index) and health hazards (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) of heavy metals in surface soils were evaluated.

The results showed that the mean concentrations of cadmium (Ca), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in Esfarayen soil were 0.21, 33.27, 39.91, 32.25, 25.17 and 25.52 mg/kg, respectively. It was much higher than the natural background values. The highest and the least carcinogenic risk were related to chromium and lead, respectively. Soil health risk assessment for the pediatric group showed that the soil did not pose a risk to children and adults.

The contamination factor (Cf) values showed that the heavy metal contamination levels were Zn> Cr> Ca> Cu> Ni> Pb, respectively. These results are important in developing appropriate management strategies to reduce pollutant resources in Esfarayen.

The aim of the present study was to assess the probable heavy metals contamination in topsoil surrounding Venarj mine in Qom province using contamination indices and artificial neural networks method.

  in order to evaluate the contamination status around Venarj mine in Qom province, 70 soil samples were collected in an area of 22 Km2, and  the total average concentration of Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni was measured. The indices of geoaccumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index and human health risk assessment index were applied to quantify the risk of soil contamination with heavy metals. Also multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks method was used to determine the spatial pattern of soil contamination with heavy metals.

Applying contamination indices indicated that the soil of the Venarj area was contaminated with Mn and Pb and to some extent with Cu due to mining activities. However, no significant enrichment of Zn and Ni was observed. Human health risk assessment indicated that the highest risk of carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic were associated with Pb, where carcinogenic risk was higher in children than adults. Spatial distribution patterns of the elements demonstrated that the maximum concentration of heavy metals was observed in western (extraction region) and southwestern (crusher region) areas. Distance increasing from mine decreased the concentration of all metals in topsoil samples, indicating their mining source.

The results revealed that the topsoil concentration of Mn and Cu and especially Pb around the Venarj manganese mine was increased due to the mining activities. The most negative environmental and health effects of the mine resulted from higher concentration of Pb in the soil.

Silicosis as a most important work-related lung disease is generated of inhalation crystalline silica dust. Chemicals health risk assessment is essential to decide on priorities for control action and reduce the risk to an acceptable level. The aim of this study is evaluate worker's exposure to crystalline silica (quartz) and determine the qualitative and quantitative health risk level. In this cross– sectional descriptive, analytical study, the total, respirable and crystalline silica dust was measured. Total and respirable dust measured by gravimetric method and crystalline silica amounts measured based on X-ray diffraction technique by NIOSH7500 method. Semi- quantitative risk assessment methods for Occupational Safety and Health Association of Singapore was used for Health risk assessment. The results showed that the average exposure of workers to total dust was 7.38±5.15, respirable 4.35±3.5 and crystalline silica 0.21±0.19 milligrams per cubic meter. Worker's exposure to crystalline silica in production units, including crusher, presses, ball mill, mucilage production and spray dryer are higher than Iran occupational exposure level. Also, the mean of total dust, respirable and crystalline silica in the different units, showed significant differences (p≥0.05). The result showed the high level of Risk in crusher, presses ball mill and glazing production units. Crystalline silica amount and risk level of risk is high in crusher, presses, ball mill and mucilage production and the exposure control measures are necessary.