جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اساتید » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

One of the basic strategies for changing the attitude of clinical education departments is to pay attention to the importance of educational areas such as research, quantitative assessment of their educational activities and practices.Applying the results of this study seems to be effective in the promotion and other processes needed for faculty members to continue collaborating with the university.The aim of this study was to compare the quantitative evaluation of educational and clinical activities of faculty members of Mashhad Medical School.

The present research was carried out using a descriptive analytical method. The sample consisted of 32 faculty members of General Surgery Department of Mashhad Medical School who were studied through census method. The research instrument was an online questionnaire of faculty members' activity registration system.Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and statistical test of coefficient of agreement. A confidence interval of 0.05 was considered.

The mean age of participants was 56 2 2.51 years and 95% were male and 5% were female.The results for the hours set by the group by activity for faculty members are shown in Table 1.

Evaluating the performance of academic staff members and monitoring the educational activities of academic staff members in inpatient education groups is aimed at improving the quality and quantity of education.

Considering the importance of the quality of education in universities on the growth and development programs of the country, this study aimed to explain the opinions of students, professors, and educational managers regarding the factors affecting improving education quality at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.

This qualitative study used conventional content analysis to understand the experiences of students, professors, and managers at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected through purposeful sampling with diversity in considering faculty, educational group, level, age, and gender. The interviews in person included in-depth interviews with 20 students, 8 professors, and 3 educational managers. The responses were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman model.

The factors affecting the improvement of education quality from the students’ perspective were determined in four main contexts: the professor’s teaching method in class, modern teaching techniques, appropriate interactions between professor and student, and the availability of educational infrastructures. The effective factors from the educational managers’ perspective were identified in two prominent contexts: the professor’s teaching in class and appropriate interactions between professor and student. The effective factors from the professors’ perspective were identified in four main contexts: professors’ motivation, empowering professors, professors’ and students’ characteristics.

Improving the quality of education depends on appropriate interactions between professors and students, professors’ teaching methods, modern teaching techniques, and educational infrastructures. Also, the motivation and empowerment of professors and the characteristics of professors and students play a significant role in this field. Therefore, to improve the quality of education, educational managers must pay attention to these factors.

The education system of any country is subject to fundamental change according to the wishes of society. The need for change in the health care system, medical education and other related sciences, including environmental health, has become increasingly evident in this country in recent years. In the present study, we investigated the revision of educational content in environmental health and the answers to the fundamental questions related to it.

The current study was cross-sectional and comprehensively evaluated at the national level with the participation of professors in the field of environmental health. The study involved 78 distinguished professors of environmental health, and a checklist was prepared and a survey was conducted to obtain their opinions. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-22 software. The Friedman test was used to compare different areas.

The survey results show that 69.3% of the professors believe that the educational content in the field of environmental health in Iran is fundamentally different from that in developed countries. 89.8% of the distinguished professors believed that the aspects and conditions of environmental health in the country are significantly different from the first year of determining the content and curriculum in the field of environmental health. 96.2% of the distinguished professors of environmental health in the country thought that the expected skills included in the curricula of different levels of the field of environmental health should be revised. At the same time, 85.9% of the professors agreed that the monitoring of environmental pollutants that affect health is one of the most important topics in environmental health.

Based on the survey conducted among the professors of the country ‘s health faculties, it is necessary and useful to revise the definition of environmental health and its educational content to meet the needs of society, given the new conditions in the field of environmental health.

Considering the role of higher education in training specialized and committed personnel and the feeling of the need to develop a comprehensive and comprehensive set that deals specifically with the components of professional ethics in higher education and the need to train teachers, the present study aims to provide a model of professional ethics. Professors in the higher education system. 

The present study was conducted qualitatively. In this method, two parts of content analysis and content analysis of interviews were used. All scientific and documentary texts related to the theory of professional ethics education in higher education, including first or second hand books and articles in the present study were considered as a statistical and sample population. Data were analyzed using open and axial coding and content matrix formation and analysis. In addition, the analysis process was performed through maxqda quality analysis software.

By reviewing and merging 314 basic themes, 24 organizing themes for professors' professional ethics were identified and a network of professional ethics themes was drawn. Accordingly, professional ethics in higher education, including 7 main categories of educational ethics, research, personal, organizational, financial, interactive and cultural ethics were shown.

Finally, the final pattern of the combination of document analysis and interviews was drawn by the meta-combination method. University officials are advised to recognize the professional model of professors and take steps to promote professional ethics in higher education.

E-learning environments are now increasingly used by medical schools around the world. In designing any electronic learning environment, attention to different components such as learner characteristics, teacher's role, curriculum approach, teaching-learning process, content and educational media should be considered by designers. In this regards, the role of teachers and presentation of new educational roles for him and having teaching skills in the virtual environment is very important. This study aimed to explain the role of medical teachers of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in electronic learning environments.

This qualitative study was conducted with content analysis approach during 14 months (the year 2021-2022) on 15 medical teachers and medical students who were selected by the purposive sampling method. Data were collected using semi- structured interviews and were coded through MAXQDA20 software. Categorization of codes and extraction of classes were done according to the guided content analysis approach based on Graneheim and Lundman. The Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to ensure the rigor.

Analyzing the statements of the participants led to the identification of the professor's presence-cognitive theme in electronic learning environments. The main classes included appropriate teaching process in the e-learning environment (subcategories include: using virtual education in appropriate courses, designing appropriate teaching content, revision in students evaluation and using appropriate teaching methods to facilitate learning), and the teacher's participation in creating a sense of belonging to the e-learning environment (subcategories include: the effective presence of the teachers, the social presence of the teachers, the educational leadership and creating a sense of belonging in the students).

According to the results of the study, acquisition of virtual teaching skills, cognitive presence of teachers in e-learning environments and attention to the formation of a sense of belonging to the environment in students are the most important roles of medical teachers in e-learning environments. University administrators should provide sufficient resources to manage new educational environments, remove administrative and structural barriers, and motivate faculty members to use electronic education systems.

Background and

Role modeling is defined as "a purposeful activity that demonstrates the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors that students should acquire." This is an educational method suitable for the medical environment where students have the opportunity to observe their professors in action and behavior. All the teachers of medical sciences are diligent in training human resources, but developing a professional identity in medical students is a top priority which could help them to become good doctors. The purpose of this study was to explain the role modeling of teachers in professional identity formation of medical residents.

Sixteen medical residents, aged between 26 and 40 (male and female), participated in this qualitative content analysis study. The residents beloned to four major specialty groups including obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, internal medicine, and pediatric. Data were collected from four specialty hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Then the collected data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Data analysis showed four main categories of "access to the role of models" including ethical role modeling, professional role modeling, personality role modeling, and interpersonal interaction role modeling. These conceptualized categories explained that role modeling teachers created good opportunities for professional identity formation of medical residents.

Based on the present study, role modeling is a combination of individual characteristics and professional patient care that is implicitly revealed in medical education. Excellence in role modeling requires showing superior clinical care, teaching skills, and strengthening the good personal characteristics of professors. More studies and effective interventions in empowering of medical teachers can help lifelong learning and create a positive learning environment in the formation of professional identity in medical students and residents.

Universities and higher education centers are among the most important institutions in all countries, which are actually considered to train the workforce and citizens of every country. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to identify the dimensions of the intellectual style of professors with a psychological approach in Babol universities.

This practical study was conducted with a mixed approach using a qualitative and quantitative approach with an exploratory design. Delphi method was used in the qualitative part and descriptive survey method was used in the quantitative part. In the qualitative part, the statistical population includes professors of management fields who were experts in the field of the research subject, and 23 people were identified, 14 of them were selected by purposeful sampling and based on the saturation law, and 2100 people were managers and assistants of the units. Senior employees of Shahrvand Company were in the quantitative section, 325 of them were selected using random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula. In order to collect data, the researcher-made questionnaire of human resources strategy with the approach of the theory of strategic reference points and Lozier's ethical behavior questionnaire and Miles' organizational health questionnaire were used. The face and content validity of the tools were confirmed by the experts and their construct validity was calculated with a factor load of more than 0.5, which was confirmed. And their Cronbach's alpha was calculated above 0.7, which was confirmed. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Friedman test and structural equations were used to analyze the data. ). The review of past research shows that effective education has been and still is one of the most important long-standing concerns in the field of education. When it comes to education or higher education, concepts such as professor and teacher and especially teaching appear far more than other related variables to the extent that some people even equate teaching with education and They have considered education and education as excellent. Learning, as one of the most important educational goals, is a product of teaching. Also, considering the importance of the need of higher education centers to recognize the abilities of teachers and the factors affecting learning in the classroom and to examine the conditions and atmosphere of classroom learning, considering the current conditions of the country, the attention to variables such as: learning and intelligence is doubled. . Intellectual styles or thinking styles, which are sometimes also called rational styles, mean a person's preference in using a certain thinking process. Thinking style is not synonymous with ability, but the way of using ability; People may have similar abilities, but their thinking styles are different. In this regard, one of the fields that is strongly related to the structure of intelligence is the field of education and education, and it can be a predictor of learning and academic success. (2). One of the factors affecting the motivation and academic engagement of students is the thinking style of teachers and professors. Professors need special tools to motivate students; That is, the methods that lead to increasing, decreasing and correcting students' behaviors during daily teaching (3). Undoubtedly, the existence of leading professors with intellectual style is one of the fundamental efficient factors in the quality of higher education systems. Professors help students learn by using their knowledge, using texts and teaching skills and creating a suitable environment. It is the characteristics of a professor that can facilitate the teaching-learning process and even compensate for the deficiencies of textbooks and the lack of educational facilities or, on the contrary, the best situation and subject of teaching with the inability to create a favorable connection to an inactive environment and become unattractive (4). Organizational learning is a complex process that leads to the development of new knowledge and has the necessary power to change behavior in the organization. Organizational learning is a tool that can be considered in the process of adapting the organization to changes in the existing competitive environment (5). Intelligence is one of the important factors that plays a central role in our daily life. Many people with high intelligence and good social skills fail in international interactions, the main reason of which is low cultural intelligence. People with low cultural intelligence may not be able to communicate with others from the same culture or other cultures and as a result, have problems in their life and business(6). On the other hand, people with high cultural intelligence are able to interpret the behavior of others and even adapt to others' behavior if necessary. These people understand the cultural fences, they know that these fences can frame our behavior and that of others (7). Cognitive psychology considers the human brain to be a very complex learning machine with multiple and intertwined processes (8). This science tries to divide this incomprehensible complex system into different parts and pay attention to the function of each part.

The results showed that after performing three rounds of Delphi qualitative technique, 8 components described as performance management, human resource training, planning, human resource recruitment, organization, organizational culture, agile organizational structure and human resource retention for the resource strategy questionnaire. It was determined that the highest standard coefficient (0.911) was related to the human resource training component from the strategic dimension components and the lowest value was related to the human resource preservation component with a standard coefficient (0.471) from the set of strategic dimension components. Also, the "performance management" component had the highest rating with an average rating of 5.22.

In general, it can be acknowledged that identifying the dimensions of professors' thinking style with a psychological approach plays a significant role in Babol universities.

Background &

One of the important challenges of professors in classrooms is to focus students' attention on subjects and help them learn. One of the fundamental changes that happened in recent decades in the field of psychology is that, unlike the previous psychologists, they focused their research and scientific works on the disturbing aspects of thoughts and pathological aspects of the psyche. Focused on human beings, today many psychologists, in addition to dealing with the morbid and pathological aspects of the human psyche, also pay attention to the positive aspects of human thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors. The concept of optimism is one of the central and important topics of positive psychology, which emerged in the field of psychology as a result of the value change in beliefs, in recent decades, by people such as Allport, Erikson, Fromm, Maslow, Rogers, and Peterson. Tries to make the presence of positive components in various aspects of human life more vivid and impressive with scientific methods and perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of classroom management training on the academic optimism and academic vitality of Farhangian University of Kermanshah students.

In terms of purpose, the present study is applied, and in terms of method, it is correlational descriptive research with the aim of investigating the effect of classroom management training on the academic optimism and academic vitality of 2022 incoming students of Farhangian University in Kermanshah province. There have been. In this research, measures academic optimism from Baird et al.'s academic optimism questionnaire (2010) and academic vitality from the academic vitality questionnaire with 9 items, modeled after the academic vitality scale of Martin and Marsh-2006, which had four items, and classroom management from The classroom management style questionnaire was based on Wolfgang and Glickman's theoretical framework and modeled after the teachers' beliefs about classroom control (ABCC) questionnaire by Martin et al. (1998). SPSS-22 software was used to analyze all statistical data.

 According to table (3), because the significance level of the variables of academic optimism and classroom management of teachers (Sig=0.000) is smaller than the predicted error value, so the relationship between the variables is statistically significant and where the calculated correlation coefficient is equal to 0.421. Therefore, with a confidence level of 95%, we can conclude that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between academic optimism and classroom management of professors; That is, with the increase in the classroom management of professors, academic optimism increases and vice versa. According to Table (4), because the value of the significance level of the variables of academic vitality and classroom management of professors (Sig=0.000) is smaller than the predicted error value, therefore the relationship between the variables is statistically significant and since the correlation coefficient calculated It is equal to 0.497. Therefore, with a confidence level of 95%, we can conclude that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between academic vitality and classroom management of professors; That is, with the increase in the classroom management of professors, academic vitality increases and vice versa. The results of Table (5) show that the direct effect of classroom management on academic vitality with the path coefficient (0.555) and (t=6.317), the direct effect of classroom management on academic optimism with the path coefficient (0.408) and (t = 3.887) and the direct effect of academic optimism on academic vitality with the path coefficient (0.259) and (t = 3.034) is significant and positive, and according to these results, the relationship between the research variables is confirmed. To investigate the relationship between classroom management and students' academic vitality and academic optimism, the indirect effect coefficient should be calculated. There is a relationship between professors' classroom management students' academic vitality and their academic optimism. The coefficient of the indirect effect of class management on academic optimism and academic vitality of students is equal to 0.660, which shows that the variable of classroom management has an effect on the relationship between academic optimism and academic vitality of students. Because the significance level of academic optimism and academic vitality variables (Sig=0.000) is smaller than the predicted error value (0.05), therefore the relationship between the variables is statistically significant, and since the calculated correlation coefficient is equal to 0.421, so the null hypothesis is rejected and the research hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, with a confidence level of 95%, we can conclude that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between academic optimism and the academic vitality of students; That is, with the increase in academic optimism, the academic vitality of students increases. According to the amount of variance analysis obtained, the paths of predicting academic vitality by the components of professors' classroom management are significant at the level of 0.01.

Class management by professors and its effect on academic optimism in the field of education is like a double-edged sword, one edge of which is a threat that causes weakness in the moral system, which leads to a decrease in communication and an increase in damages. Academic optimism is the belief that the student will be successful academically, this belief increases the expectation of success in students, and as it was said, this increases the student's motivation for better performance. On the other hand, today, based on the realities and relying on the natural needs of humans, they rely on a series of human values and principles, on the strategic role of humans in the organization, and consider humanitarian activities in strategic planning. They know it is necessary. Academic optimism is a personal belief that is formed in a person under the influence of environmental factors. This belief points to the fact that in the case of establishing trusting relationships between students and teaching staff, the presence of academic emphasis in the environment, and the formation of a sense of unity with the educational environment, a person will gain high motivation and achieve success in the path of progress. If the learning process in students is to go well, it is necessary to pay attention to various factors. Apart from internal and individual factors that have a colorful role in learning, external factors also have a direct impact on the learning process. According to the obtained results, classroom management training of professors has an effect on the academic optimism and academic vitality of Farhangian University of Kermanshah students.

 In the Abbasid era, which is considered one of the most brilliant periods in the history of medicine in Islamic civilization, with the provision of the necessary foundations by the caliphs and the expansion of medical knowledge, its education was also taken into consideration and in the ways It was different and flexible. Moral education was considered along with the most basic religious and non-religious education from schools to Dar al-Alam. Hospitals were one of the most important clinical training centers. One of the important issues that attracted the attention of the medical community of this era from the very beginning was the compatibility of ethics with medical science. Moral education was carried out in both theoretical and clinical ways.

 The present research aims to investigate the teaching of medical ethics in the Abbasid era with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library resources.

Ethical Considerations:

 In the present research, the ethical aspects of library study, including the authenticity of texts, honesty and trustworthiness, have been observed.

 The findings of this research show that in the Abbasid era, the theoretical education of medical ethics, the course contents were closely related to ethics, and in clinical education, the professors' behavior was a practical and objective model for students to learn the ethics of this profession. In addition to that, the construction of non-profit buildings, especially hospitals, the endowments that were placed on schools and hospitals implicitly emphasize the discussion of ethics in the profession of medicine and therapy and the teaching of this importance in these educational and therapeutic institutions have been.

The results of this research showed that in the Abbasid era, having morals was one of the personality requirements of every doctor and basically a doctor should be wise in order to teach and practice medicine in a good way. Another result of the research was that, although there were no tests before those interested in medical knowledge entered, education was free. However, after passing the necessary courses, the graduates of this field were given a professional and ethical test, and after passing, they were allowed to practice medicine

Digital radiography seems necessary for overcoming educational problems and archiving radiographs taken from patients; nonetheless, the views of students and professors about this issue have been less studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the satisfaction of professors and students with the use of conventional and digital radiography in the Endodontics Department of Mashhad Dental School.

This study was conducted on the professors of the Department of Root Therapy and 155 Dental Students in Mashhad. The research tool consisted of two researcher-made questionnaires. The first questionnaire was about the quality of the root therapy that was completed by the professors. The second questionnaire was about students' satisfaction with the use of digital and conventional radiography in the endodontics section. The information was recorded, and the data were then compared using Chi-square and Fisher tests.

The findings of this study demonstrated that from professors' point of view, digital imaging in dentistry had better quality, shorter time, and less error, and professors' satisfaction was significantly higher. Moreover, students had a more positive opinion of digital imaging in terms of quality, less time, less error, and less student congestion. Finally, students were more satisfied with digital imaging (P=0.05).

As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be concluded that digital radiography improved the education and satisfaction of both groups of students and professors.

In the field of online education, satisfaction is one of the most important considerations that affect the continuation of online learning. It is necessary to examine the domains of professors' satisfaction in holding online classes and examine their problems for corrective measures in the future. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the satisfaction of nursing and midwifery faculty instructors with online education.

This was a cross sectional study that was conducted in 2022. The sampling method was targeted and online using WhatsApp social networks. The online questionnaire included a demographic form and Online Instructor Satisfaction Measure (OISM). 242 nursing and midwifery professors completed this questionnaire. The study data was analyzed using SPSS-22 software with in depended sample T-test and ANOVA test.

The mean and standard deviation of the respondents' age was 45±6.4 years and more than half of the professors were assistant professors. The mean of total instructor’s satisfaction was 86.10± 14.81.  The lowest level of professors' satisfaction with online teaching was in the dimension of teacher-student interaction (45.26±16.95) and the highest level of satisfaction was in the dimension of online class capabilities (66.1±19.93).

The satisfaction of nursing and midwifery faculty instructor's with online learning was relatively favorable. The lowest level of satisfaction was in the professor-student area. The need for interaction between people (professor-student and patient) was one of the major challenges of online education.

Background & Achieving psychological well-being as an important issue has always been considered. Psychological well-being is one of the key issues in improving people's behaviors and attitudes. Psychological well-being is the ability to actively participate in work, play, create meaningful relationships with others, develop a sense of autonomy and purpose in life, and experience positive emotions. One of the most important resources of any organization is the human force of that organization, and psychological well-being is one of the key issues in improving the behaviors and attitudes of people. It has caused that nowadays proper use of education in virtual space is not seen much. The efficiency of professors is one of the few characteristics of a professor that depends on the success of students. On the other hand, organizations have a major impact on society; Therefore, their activity should be such that they maximize the positive effects of their activities and minimize the negative effects, and as the most influential member of society, they are concerned about the long-term needs and desires of the society and in order to solve Try to solve its problems. This means that today's organizations must recognize and accept their organizational health. Organizational health is the durability and survival of the organization in its environment and adaptability to it and its expansion and promotion and its ability to compromise more, or organizational health is for its survival, and an organization that is healthy is successful against external destructive forces. interacts with them and directs their energy in an effective way towards the main goals of the organization and in the long run they show the signs of a healthy organization; Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and dimensions of organizational health in university professors.
The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method, which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of this research includes all professors of Islamic Azad University, Tafarsh branch, who were working in 1401. The number of the statistical population was 360 people according to the inquiry from the recruitment of Islamic Azad University. According to the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 186 people were selected through a simple random sampling method. To evaluate organizational health, Hoy and Feldman's organizational health questionnaire (1996) was used. The mentioned questionnaire was prepared for the first time by Hoy et al. and it has 44 items and three levels (technical, administrative, and institutional) in 7 dimensions morale, scientific emphasis, compliance (consideration), constructiveness, resource support, manager's influence, institutional unity. This questionnaire is graded with a 5-point Likert scale. Each question is scored from one to five (never 1 point, rarely 2 points, sometimes 3 points, often 4 points, always 5 points). It has 44 items that are completed by employees. Employees are asked. To score the descriptive items to the extent that they apply to organizations along a five-point Likert scale. The way of scoring is that in the organizational health questionnaire, questions 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, and 30 are scored inversely because of the negative impact on the dimensions of organizational health. In order to check psychological well-being, Rief's questionnaire (1980) was used. This questionnaire examines psychological well-being in 18 questions, which examines the dimensions of self-acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relationship with others, having a purpose in life, personal growth, and independence. Questionnaire questions are designed based on a five-point Likert scale (completely agree to completely disagree). The reliability of this questionnaire was found to be 0.87 in the research of Fotiadis et al. (2019). In the current research, the reliability of this questionnaire was determined to be 0.82. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic variables and SPSS software was used to check the research hypotheses.
The research findings show that the significance level of organizational health and psychological well-being variables (Sig=0.000) is smaller than the predicted error value (α=0.05), so the relationship between the variables is statistically significant. And since the calculated correlation coefficient is equal to 0.585, it can be concluded that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between organizational health and the psychological well-being of professors.
The Department of Education is one of the most basic and important organizations in the world today, and most people have direct and indirect relations with this organization, and this indicates the key and vital role of this department in the complex life of humans. Knowledge of organizational health can facilitate and predict the quality and continuity of the health system, and it can lead to the implementation of programs in a scientific and expert manner and avoid imprudent actions. Organizational health refers to an environment that facilitates the growth and development of an organization and enables the achievement of goals. Organizations, while thinking about their preservation and survival, should take a step beyond this view and pay attention to their consequences and effects on society. They consider optimism as one of the important factors in increasing performance in organizations and state that psychological well-being has a strong relationship with knowledge management in organizations and employees. By strengthening psychological well-being, progress is achieved and it increases the spirit of participation in the employees of the organization, which causes the organizational improvement of the employees. Undoubtedly, psychological issues play an important role in the formation process of organizational health and psychological well-being, but environmental aspects, including training in virtual and scientific environments, can provide the conditions for improving organizational health and psychological well-being by creating an environmental platform. This issue shows that education can provide conditions for teachers to exploit individual aspects in the way of improving organizational health and psychological well-being. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational health and the psychological well-being of professors, and according to the results of this research, it was determined that the contribution of each component of organizational health in predicting the psychological well-being of professors is different.

Focus is one of the most important educational and learning requirements so that distraction in the class is a common educational problem. The study endeavored to determine the factors affecting student concentration in the classroom among the students in Kurdistan University of Medical Science in the academic year 2021.

The descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 413 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences who were selected through convenience sampling method. The research instrument was a standard questionnaire about factors influencing concentration in the classroom. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.

The mean score of the factors related to the teacher, students, and environment were 3.35 ± 0.42, 2.99 ± 0.48, and 3.31 ± 0.55 respectively. The most influential factor for concentration in the classroom was the teacher's appropriate behavior with students (3.68 ± 0.60) and the least influential factor for concentration in the classroom was relying on the notetaking group (2.48 ± 1.06).

Findings revealed that teacher's behavior has an important role in creating student concentration in the classroom. Therefore, teachers can make the most important contribution in promoting education by improving their behavior.

In the last two decades, religious behaviors have beenstudied as factors affecting lifestyle and improving mental health,and various researchers have sought to identify behaviors that havethe greatest impact on lifestyle and mental health components. Oneof these religious behaviors that has been of interest in Islam ispraying in congregation. The present study was conducted with theaim of explaining the phenomenology of the effects andconsequences of congregational prayer and its effects on thelifestyle and mental health of students, employees and facultymembers of Farhangian University of Ardabil province.

This research is practical in terms ofpurpose and phenomenological in terms of method. In this research,in order to investigate the effects and psychological-socialconsequences of congregational prayer, 24 expert andknowledgeable people were used, using criteria-based purposefulsampling until reaching theoretical saturation. The data collectiontools were semi-structured interviews and scientific documents.And in order to analyze the data, it was done using the themeanalysis method and using open, axial and selective coding in theMAXQDA2018 software. The validity of the research findings wasensured by using methods of review by members, peer review, andthe collaborative nature of the research. Also, in order to measurethe reliability of the done codings, retesting and intrasubjectagreement methods were used, which obtained 80 percent and 79percent, respectively. Since they were higher than 70 percent, itsreliability was confirmed.

The results showed that the number of primary conceptsobtained from the interviews was 73 concepts, in the form of threemain individual themes including sub-themes (closeness to God,commitment to Islamic ethics and human excellence), social andfamily themes including sub-themes ( Social cohesion, increasingmorale and strengthening social (psychological) harmony weredivided into sub-themes (decreasing psycho-physical tensions,mental health and moral virtue).

Based on the obtained results and for the practicalapplication and use of Namaz works in different dimensions of lifein the society, the serious will of influential factors in this field isnecessary.

One of the most important resources of any organization is the human force of that organization. Organizational health is one of the most telling and obvious indicators of organizational effectiveness. In a healthy organization, the manager has a very friendly and supportive behavior with his employees and has unity in his plans. Employees also have a greater desire to work in the organization and do things more effectively. Organizational health is more about the durability and survival of the organization in its environment and adaptability to it and the promotion and expansion of its ability to compromise. Factors such as the perception and perception of employees, the way of managing affairs, the policies of the organization, the nature and extent of supervision, job security, working conditions, status and dignity, the level of salaries and wages, the establishment of mutual relations, supervisors, peers, and supervisors, and the personal life of employees. The general public thinks of optimism as seeing the glass as half full seeing a shiny layer in every phenomenon, or the habit of expecting a happy ending for every real problem. The angle of positive thinking from positive thinking and optimism indicates that optimism requires repeating self-reinforcing phrases such as "I am improving in different ways every day" or visualization. That all work is done successfully. In all these cases, there are manifestations of optimism and positive thinking, but optimism is deeper than these. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of organizational health on the academic optimism of the professors of Islamic Azad University Sari branch.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method, which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of this research includes all the professors of Islamic Azad University, Sari branch, who were working in 1401. The number of the statistical population was 360 people according to the inquiry from the recruitment unit of Azad University of Sari. According to the table of Karjesi and Morgan, 186 people were selected through a simple random sampling method. The research tools included two organizational health questionnaires by Hoy and Feldman (1996) and an academic optimism questionnaire by Baird et al. (2010), both of which were standard questionnaires. Their reliability coefficient was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient for organizational health (0.92) and academic optimism (0.79), which indicates the appropriate reliability of this questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic variables and SPSS software was used to check the research hypotheses. One of the most important prerequisites for performing parametric tests is checking the normality of data distribution in the dependent variable. For this purpose, for each of the studied variables, the test of normality of data distribution has been done.

The findings of the research show that the significance level of the variables of organizational health and academic optimism (Sig=0.000) is smaller than the predicted error (α=0.05), so the relationship between the variables is statistically significant. It is significant and since the calculated correlation coefficient is equal to 0.585, it can be concluded that there is a direct and significant relationship between organizational health and academic optimism of professors. In a more detailed explanation, it can be said that so far, different conceptualizations of optimism have been implemented, an example of which is nature optimism and explanatory optimism. Optimism of nature or tendency is a general expectation based on the fact that in the future, more good events will happen than bad events. Shier et al. argue that optimistic people, in the face of difficulties, continue to pursue their valued goals and by using effective coping strategies, they and their states adjust their personalities so that they can reach their goals. One of the fundamental changes that happened in recent decades in the field of psychology is that unlike the previous psychologists who focused their research and scientific works on the disturbing aspects of thoughts and pathological aspects of the psyche. were focused on human beings, today many psychologists, in addition to dealing with the morbid and pathological aspects of the human psyche, also pay attention to the positive aspects of human thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviors. The concept of optimism is one of the central and important topics of positive psychology, which emerged in the field of psychology as a result of the value change in beliefs, in recent decades, by people such as Allport, Erikson, Fromm, Maslow, Rogers, and Peterson. and tries to make the presence of positive components in various aspects of human life more vivid and impressive with scientific methods and perspective. Higher education is one of the most basic and important organizations in the world today, and most people have direct and indirect relations with this organization, and this shows the key and vital role of this institution in the complex life of humans. Knowledge of organizational health can be a facilitator and predictor of the quality and continuity of the health system, and it can lead to the implementation of programs in a scientific and expert manner, avoiding imprudent actions. Organizational health refers to an environment that facilitates the growth and development of an organization and enables the achievement of goals. Organizations, while thinking about their preservation and survival, should take a step beyond this view and pay attention to their consequences and effects on the society. Social responsibility is considered as an important issue for any organization, the factor of its survival or decline.

The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational health and the academic optimism of teachers, and according to the results of this research, it was determined that the contribution of each component of organizational health in predicting the academic optimism of teachers is different.

 Professors and medical and paramedical students who are serving internships in hospitals affiliated to medical universities are always at risk of contracting infectious diseases. Considering the internship units in person, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of educational webinars on the level of knowledge related to COVID- 19 and familiarity with self-care methods in professors and students of Ahvaz Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences.

 This is a cross-sectional study in the first semester of the academic year 1399-1400. Sampling method was as sample available. One day before the internship, a one-day educational webinar was held in Adobe Connect for fourth year undergraduate students of Ahvaz University of Rehabilitation Sciences and their professors and a researcher-made online questionnaire was used before and after the webinar.

 Students' familiarity with self-care methods before and after the webinar showed a significant difference (mean difference = 1.XMRwebinar was significantly higher than students (p = 0.013). 68% of students and 47% of professors reported high satisfaction with the training program. In addition, 56% of students and 51% of professors stated the need for such training programs.

Considering the fact that about one year has passed since the corona virus entered the country, although there is an acceptable level of knowledge about COVID- 19 disease in professors and students, but it seems that Self-care

Educational justice is one of the most important goals in educational systems around the world. Educational justice can transform education in all areas, providing the ground for the emergence of talents and abilities at the macro level. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the educational justice between professors in medical universities using grounded theory study.

The present study is a grounded theory study that was conducted with the participation of 12 professors of medical universities using purposive sampling in 2020-2021. Sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected using in-depth and face-to-face interviews. All interviews were recorded, handwritten and then analyzed line by line, and Microsoft Word 2013 software was used to record the interviews and the extracted codes. Strauss and Corbin 1998 were used to analyze the data.

Participants in the study included six men and six women. Educational justice among students in medical universities included the three main categories of equal educational opportunities, discrimination and the consequences of educational justice. Each class consists of several subcategories. Equal educational opportunities was identified as the central concept of research.

Familiarity with how medical universities deal with the issue of educational justice can be effective in distributing educational justice among professors in different universities and thus provide a basis for motivation and empowerment and innovation of professors at the micro and macro levels.