جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اکستاسی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This study aimed at investigating the effects of 3,4-Methyl​enedioxy​methamphetamine (MDMA) on liver cytochrome 2C19 enzyme activity, which is a major liver enzyme in the metabolism of a wide range of drugs, using omeprazole as a probe of the CYP2C19 activity in isolated perfused rat liver.

This experimental study was done in 20 male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (weighing 250–300 g). After isolating the animal liver, omeprazole was administered at 400 μm and the concentration of omeprazole and its metabolite were determined. The liver was then washed with perfusion buffer, and MDMA was transferred at 300 ng/ml unilaterally from the same liver for 30 minutes. After re-washing the liver with perfusion buffer, omeprazole was passed through the liver for second time and the metabolic ratio was determined after exposure to MDMA. This process was also done in a group of animals at 600 ng/ml of MDMA.

Analysis of data from three end-time intervals after exposure to liver at 300 and 600 ng/ml of MDMA, showed 26.6% and 20.6% reduction in the activity of CYP2C19. Findings showed that MDMA administration could significantly reduce the activity of CYP2C19.

According to this study, liver exposure to MDMA can significantly reduce cytochrome 2C19 activity, but, further studies are needed to examine this issue more closely.

Commonly، the origin of drug use in adults comes from youth. This is one of the most important social problems that not only endanger the public health but it also lead to moral and ethical decay of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychoactive substances use and its risk factors in Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Med-ical Sciences. In the descriptive- analytical study، 640 students from the schools of Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected based on a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected by self-completion anonymous questionnaires. After data collection، analysis was performed using SPSS software. The rate of psychoactive subst-ances use among the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University were 10. 8% and 9. 2%، resp-ectively، that their difference was not significant (p = 0. 498). The rate of psy-choactive substances use among men was more than of women (25% vs. 19%) and the history of use was more in married students than the single ones (19. 5% vs. 8. 7%). The students of Shiraz University versus Shiraz University of Medical Sciences used more alcohol (17. 7% vs. 9. 4%)، drugs (9. 8% vs. 3. 3%) and smoking (21. 5% vs. 17. 5%) and these differences were statistically significant. Discussion & This study indicated the necessity of planning and preventive interventional strategies to reduce drug use among students and thereupon promoting their health.

Life skills play a significant role in adolescents'' health promotion and have a positive effect on modifying their high- risk behaviors. A great deal of studies have shown that problem solving may affect on using drug behavior. The purpose of this study is determining adolescents problem solving skill and its relation with Ecstasy usage among adolescents of west of Tehran. In a cross-sectional (correlative) study. Eight- hundred of 16-18 years old adolescents residing in west Tehran participated in the study. The setting was public regions of west Tehran. Problem-solving skill was determined using ˝ problem solving inventory«. Adolescents'' usage of ecstasy was measured by a self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed by participants after obtaining an informed consent. Finding revealed that most of participants (69. 4 %) enjoyed good problem- solving skills. Findings indicated that 7. 6 % of adolescents have experienced Ecstasy usage once at least. There was significant relationship between problem-solving skill and Ecstasy usage in adolescents (P= 0/001). Discussion & Regarding the findings، it is recommended to reinforce life skills in adolescents by emphasizing the role of parents، peers and friends to prevent substance abuse. it also recommended that some programs to be executed regarding prohibited substances including Ecstasy and their complications to increase general information of public

Ecstasy or 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA) is a psychotropic and addictive substance that young people tend to use it to reduce their psychological and social tensions. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of ecstasy consumption on the fetus of pregnant mice during the second and third weeks of pregnancy. 20 adult female mice were randomly selected(5 for control group and 15 for experimental group). Two intraperitoneal injections of ecstasy(5mg/Kg) was used in the experimental group, on 7th and 14th days of pregnancy, while, in the control group, only distilled water was injected intraperitoneally. On 18th day of pregnancy, mice were placed in separate cages. The condition of palate, skull, external ear, eye, fingers and toes and sindactily, weight, and fertility potentials of newborn mice were studied using stereo microscope. From 163 newborn mice in two groups, no abnormalities were observed in the skull and the external ear. There wasn’t any significant difference between male and female sex ratio between two groups (p=.08). Hypoplasia of the fingers was significantly different between the two groups(p<0.001). The frequency of sindactily was not significantly different between two groups(p=0. 11). Female fertility potential was significantly different between two groups(p<0.001). Adminstration of ecstasy during pregnancy may affect the organogenesis and fertility potential of newborn mice. Therefore, more studies are needed in this regard.

Studies indicate that drug abuse is affected by assertiveness skill. This study was carried out to determine assertiveness skill and use of Ecstasy among adolescents who resided in the western part of Tehran. In this cross-sectional study, eight hundred adolescents, 16-18 years old, who resided in the western part of Tehran, participated in this study. The study setting was public regions of municipality in western area of Tehran. Data was gathered by "Rathus" assertiveness assessment˝ and self-structured questionnaire in use of Ecstasy. To analyze data, SPSS software and descriptive statistics and independent t test and χ 2 test were used. Findings revealed that the mean score of assertiveness skill among most of adolescents was 13.05 ±20.75. About 7.6% of adolescents reported using Ecstasy at least once. The comparison of performance of males and females on χ 2 test was significant (P≤0.0001). Among Ecstasy users, 71.8% used it non-continuously and 80% used 1-2 tablets in every term. Rate of boy Ecstasy users (11.2%) was significantly more than girl users (2.9%) (P≤0.000). This study indicated no relationship between assertiveness skill and use of Ecstasy; however, regarding adolescents’ vulnerability, implementation of drug abuse prevention programs seems necessary.

Among the traditional and modern drugs, appearance and spreading of ecstasy drugs is a new phenomenon that has affected different nations, among them Iranian youth. While, it seems that unawareness in society of these industrial drugs, has a great influence in spreading its use. This research was conducted to evaluate student's knowledge about the effects of ecstasy drugs. This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional research. 154 high school students, by simple random sampling, in district 9 of Tehran were selected and their awareness about research object were evaluated by researcher made questionnaire. The face validity of questionnaire was confirmed by specialists consideiation and its rehabilitee was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (r = 0.85). Data were analyzed by Correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U. 14.7 percent of responses were incorrect, and 38 percent were don’t know. Student's awareness of accidents and bad effects of ecstasy drugs is in a low level. There was no significant difference between boys and girl's knowledge about the effects of ecstacy (P= 0.573). Also, there was no significant relation between student sexuality and their awareness about Ecstasy side effects (P=0.572). Student's knowledge about the Effects of ecstasy drugs is in a low level (47.3 percent).

Using illicit drugs such as Ecstasy is a deviant behavior in adolescents. Attitude toward using illicit drugs can predict its usage. This study was carried out in order to determine the adolescent's attitude toward using Ecstasy in 2006.Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, eight hundred adolescents aged 16-18 years who lived in the west of Tehran recruited from public regions of municipality. Data was gathered using authors-structured questionnaire. After filling in informed consents, the questionnaires were completed by the respondents. Findings revealed that 78.9 % of the adolescents had negative attitudes and 17.5% had positive attitudes toward using Ecstasy. Boys and girls attitudes were not significantly different. Regarding relatively high negative attitudes among the adolescents toward Ecstasy using, it seems that investments in health promoting programs were appropriate. Nevertheless, along with these programs, parents and teachers should pay more attention to the issue.

Drug abuse is a kind of unhealthy behaviour or behavioural disorder especially among adolescents. Ecstasy is one of the most dangerous substance which is abused and has numerous harmful side effects. The aim of the study was to determine knowledge about ecstasy and the rate of ecstasy abuse among adolescents in 1385. the design was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in the West of Tehran. Eight hundred adolescents who were 16-18 years old and resided in the areas of West Tehran, were selected continously and participated in this study. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire consisted of items regarding knowdge and performance about ecstasy with some questions about demographic information. The study findings showed that 53.8% of adolescents had moderate knowledge regarding ecstasy. The difference between boys and girls’ knowledge was not statistically significant. With respect to abusing ecstasy, the findings revealed that 7.6% of subjects used ecstasy at least once. Chi square test showed a significant difference between girls and boys performance about estasy abuse (P=0.000, c 2 =19.73). Also there was not any significant relationship between knowledge and performance of the adolescents towards ecstasy abuse. The frequency of abuse of ecstasy was significantly different between male and female adolescents (P=0.000, c ²=19.73). Relationship between knowledge about ecstasy and abuse of it was not significant. Based on the study findings, establishment of in-service educational programs related to life skills for teachers and parents in order to improve these skills in adolescent pupils are important. Public propagganda through billboards, posters, short messages regarding drug abuse consequences seem to be necessary among adolescents. Also educational programs by famous actors and sportsmen in order to attract public attention to increase knowledge about drug abuse and their harmful side effects will be useful as a preventive strategy.