جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « برآورد انتشار » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Greenhouse gas emission estimation and submitting a regular national report on climate change has been underway since 2003. Given the importance of this issue, estimating emissions at the provincial level and assessing local emission management capacities will make the country more agile in reporting and emission control.

The greenhouse gas emission in four sectors as energy, industry, agriculture, forestry and other landuse and wastes and all sub-sectors of these areas was determined in Guilan Province. The annual emission has been estimated using the 2019 activity data and the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) software.

The gross and per capita greenhouse gases’ emission of the province are 18.5 Mt and 7.31 tons per year carbon dioxide equivalent, respectively, so that the annual ecological supply of forests to capture greenhouse gases is estimated at 2 Mt. The thermal power plants, residential consumption (except electricity) and transportation sectors are the major emission sectors in the province with 36, 23 and 19% share, respectively. Out of four scenarios, the wind farms development scenario (nominal capacity 3 GW) and 10% energy savings in the residential sector reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 9% and 2.9%, respectively. The cumulative impact of all the proposed scenarios by 2030 will also lead to a 13% reduction in emissions compared to the current situation.

Considering the existing capacities in the clean power generation and energy saving in the residential sector, it is possible to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 13% by 2030. Since the proposed scenarios are regionalized and do not depend on management decisions in other provinces, they have good feasibility. Consequently, if clean power generation plans are established in other provinces and energy consumption management in the transport sector is applied at the national scale, it may be expected that the country's minimum commitments (4% reduction compared to 2010) will be met.

Background & Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly affect the chemistry of atmosphere and human health and petroleum storage has been identified as largest emitters of VOCs. With models of air pollution can model the concentration and distribution of VOCs from oil tanks. The aim of this study was to investigate and model of VOCs emissions from an oil tanks field in Iran using the TANKs 4.0.9d software and the distribution of these compounds in the study area using AERMOD model.
In this study, the rate and percentage of monthly emissions of VOCs from 22 oil storage tanks in 12 months year 2014(1392-1393) using the TANKS software were determined according to losses and tank type in Esfahan, Iran. Then, by using AERMOD model the maximum concentration of VOCs in the area with the surface of 10 × 10 km2 and with a network distance of 200m and then in the range of 50 × 50 km2 and with a network of 1000 m in the statistic period of 12 months and for a average time of 1, 3, 8 and 24 hours, one-month and one -year statistical period at the height of 1.5m of the Earth's surface was determined and the distribution of VOCs in the area was simulated and displayed by GIS software.
The results of TANKS software showed that the studied tanks were annually emitted 1485801.26 tons VOCs in which the tanks with external floating roof 99.98% and with fixed vertical roof 0.017% were contributed. The results of AERMOD software also indicated that maximum concentrations of VOCs occur in the area 10×10 km2 in cold seasons. This phenomenon is due to reduce of mixing depth and resulting in the formation of the inversion phenomenon.
This work can help plant engineers to decide on an appropriate strategy to control VOCs. Employing the tanks with fixed vertical roof and modification of operational pattern could lead to a reduction of VOCs emissions and eventually affect the economical, ecological and hygienic aspects.