جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بزرگ سالان » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

It is necessary to identify factors influencing smoking in order to design effective interventions to reduce this behavior. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of smoking among adults of Arak city based on Transtheoretical model (TTM). This analytical- cross sectional study was carried out on 328 smokers 30 years of age and older in the city of Arak in 2014. Samples were selected randomly from family file numbers of Arak. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire including demographic information and questions related to Transtheoretical structure Model (stages of change, processes of change, temptation, Pros and Cons of smoking) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and linear regression. Most of the subjects (52.7%) were in the precontemplation stage of smoking cessation. Linear regression revealed that variables of change stages (R2 = -0.46, p< 0.001), temptation (R2 = -0.18, p< 0.001), hazards of smoking (R2 = -0.12, p< 0.001), early age of smoking (R2 = -0.14, p< 0.006), dramatic relief process of change (R2 = -0.12, p< 0.015) and the number of friends who smoke (R2 = -0.12,p< 0.048) were the predictor of daily smoking rates. The model was able to predict 37% of smoking rate variance Most subjects were in the precontemplation stage of quitting smoking and according to predictive factors of smoking it is necessary to plan an effective educational program for quitting smoking.

Colloid milium is a rare cutaneous condition with at least, three distinct subtypes, characterized clinically by the development of yellowish translucent papules or plaques on sunexposed skin, and histologically by the presence of colloid in the dermal papillae.Case Report: We present a man with multiple small papules on dorsum of his hands pathologically confirmed to be colloid milium. Colloid milium is more commonly observed in fair-skin patients and remain unchanged; however, our patient had dark skin type (Fitzpatrick skin type III) and lesions were increasing in summer and decreasing in winter. This case emphasizes the close relationship between long-term sun exposure and adult colloid milium.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the survey of scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm in children, adults, and older people during abduction. Ninety subjects (30 children, 30 adults and 30 older people) volunteered for this study. Two inclinometers were used to measure humeral abduction and scapular upward rotation in scapular rest position, 45°, 90° and 135° shoulder abduction in frontal plane. Scapulohumeral rhythm was calculated from division humeral elevation to upward rotation of the scapula from scapular rest position to 45°, from 45° to 90° and from 90° to 135° abduction in frontal plane. The findings indicated there was a significant difference in scapular rest position among three groups: older people had more scapular upward rotation than other groups and children had more scapular downward rotation than adults. (p<0.05) Also, children had more upward rotation in 135° abduction than adults and older people. (p<0.05) On the other hand, children had lower scapulohumaral rhythm ratio from scapular rest position to 45° and from 90° to 135° abduction than adults and older people. (p<0.05). Children, adults and older people show significant but small differences in scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm. These data provide useful reference values using a clinical protocol.

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), as a lifestyle-related behavior, could be a preventive factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to examine the association between LTPA and MetS among the adults who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). In the present cross-sectional study, 4665 adults (1976 males and 2686 females), aged 20-70 years, were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling from among TLGS participants. Subjects were classified according to their BMI. LTPA was determined via a validated and Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ), and MetS, according to the JIS criteria. Prevalence of the MetS was higher in obese groups (58.2%) compared to the overweight (36.6%) and normal weight (6%) ones (p<0.001). Normal weight subjects (18.1%) were physically more active than other groups. In the normal weight group with light LTPA, the risk of lower levels of HDL-C and elevated levels of TG were higher than in individuals with vigorous LTPA (OR: 1.15; CI95% 1.05, 2.33) (OR: 1.46; CI95% 1.01, 2.14). In the overweight group, the probability of elevated levels of FBS was higher among individuals with moderate LTPA than in those with vigorous LTPA (OR: 1.65 CI95% 1.37, 3.23), and there was also an inverse association between light LTPA and MetS (OR: 2.08; CI95% 1.03, 4.21). This study confirmed that increased levels of LTPA are associated with a decreased likelihood of any inappropriate changes in components of Mets and the occurrence of Mets.

In the present research, the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-density lipoprotein of cholesterol (HDL-C) is studied among healthy adults in Tehran city.

It is performed as a cross-sectional study using data of adults with age 18 and more enrolled in the first phase of the "Evaluation of novel risk factors of NCD" project in the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences (Tehran,Iran) in 2001. Analyses were done by logistic regression models using crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) to demonstrate the associations between CRP and HDL-C regarding their age, gender, body mass index and smoking status as underlying variables. To get final reduced logistic model we used backward elimination strategy with likelihood ratio test.

Based on the findings of analysis on data of 126 men and 208 women, it was reported a significant association between blood concentration of CRP and HDL-C (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that increasing the concentration of CRP to 0.2 mg/l and more in serum, increased the likelihood of decreasing the serum concentration of HDL-C to 40 and 50 mg/dl and less about two folds in men and women respectively (adjusted OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.49-3.41).

In apparently healthy adults from Tehran city, independent of age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and smoking, serum concentrations of CRP and HDL-C are reversely associated while both of them are considered as independent factors related with cardiovascular disorders and complications.

Recently, researchers have increasingly interested in learning about the relationship between stuttering and utterance length. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of utterance length on the amount of speech dysfluency in Farsi-speaking adults who do and do not stutter through an imitative speech task. The obtained results can pave the way for reaching a better understanding of adulthood stuttering as well as developing more appropriate treatment methods. 15 people who do stutter and 15 fluent controls (age range, 15 to 50 years) who spoke Farsi as their native language and were matched by age and gender participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants were assessed by ten sets of simple and complex sentences. In order to assess the impact of syntactic complexity on dysfluency, each sentence in a given set had one morpheme more than the previous one. The obtained data were statistically analyzed through paired t test using SPSS software. Neither in the stuttering nor in the nonstuttering groups, simple and complex sentences did not differ significantly from each other on the basis of the amounts of dysfluency produced (P > 0.05). The results of this study showed that during sentence imitation tasks, syntactic complexity did not affect dysfluency amount neither in people who stutter nor in those who do not. It is imperative to attend to linguistic factors when dealing with children and adults who stutter and to consider syntactic complexity throughout the treatment process at the sentence level.

Nasality is an important parameter needing to be considered in studying voice resonance pathology. The voice of normal adults typically shows varying degrees of nasality. It appears that nasality, like the other parameters of voice, is affected by loudness and this can be measured through experimental evaluations. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vocal loudness on vowel nasalance in a group of 18-28 year-old normal Farsi- speaking subjects. In this descriptive- analytic cross- sectional study, the voice samples of 65 randomly selected normal subjects (male and female) whose ages ranged from 18 to 28 years and who spoke Farsi as their native language were studied. All subjects were the students of Rehabilitation Faculty of Iran Medical Sciences University at the time of study. The mean score of nasalance for the vowels of Farsi language was captured through Nasal View software. Descriptive statistical analyses as well as one-way ANOVA were conducted on all data of interest. In both male and female subjects, the maximum and minimum amounts of nasalance were seen at the soft and the loud voice respectively. The statistical analysis results showed that the degree of nasalance in 3 levels of soft, normal and loud voices was significantly different (P < 0.05). In normal adults, vowel nasalance decreases as vocal loudness increases. This is a feature of normal speech mechanism. This finding can be explained with regard to the functioning of velopharengeal port. So, a raise in subglottal air pressure at loud voice results in an increase in muscular contraction of pharynx and palate.