جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بیماری حاد » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important pediatric health problems, which is occasionally associated with irreversible renal damage. Dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan is a diagnostic standard for the renal scar. Doppler ultrasonography (D.S) has been considered as a less invasive method. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of D.S in the diagnosis of renal scarring in children with a history of acute pyelonephritis (APN).

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 children with APN, aged six months to twelve years in the University Pediatric Hospital of Qazvin, Iran, between August 2017 and August 2018. DMSA scan was performed in the acute phase of pyelonephritis for all patients. Half of the children with acute pyelonephritis had decreased radionuclide uptake in the first DMSA scan of whom thirty patients had kidney scarring in the second scan, six months later. Then renal vascular D.S was performed for these patients. Simultaneously, twenty children with a normal DMSA scan, assigned for D.S.

The mean age of children was 5.30(3.50-11.8), and 4.80(2.50-10.09) in the scar and control group. Most of the patients in both groups were female, 25(83.8%) in renal scar, and 15(75.0%) in control. The scar group showed a greater rate of vesicoureteral reflux, 17(56.6%), of whom 11(36.7%) were bilateral. Among 30 patients with a renal scar, 2(6.7%) had first-time acute pyelonephritis, 11(36.7%) had second, and 17(56.7%) had more than two attacks of pyelonephritis. The frequency of renal scarring was 25% based on DMSA scan and 14% based on D.S. Accordingly, the sensitivity and specificity of D.S in the detection of renal scarring in children with APN was 23.3% and 100%.

Doppler ultrasonography is not a suitable method for diagnosis of renal scarring in children, due to the low sensitivity and negative predictive value of this device in the detection of renal scarring in children with UTI. However, normal Doppler sonography can predict that the patient did not have a kidney scar.

Due to the widespread prevalence of different acute and chronic diseases (ACD), nurses need to know the choices, necessities and abilities of patients. The study purposes were to determine: 1) the effect of family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) on the outcomes of ACD and 2) the sustainability of FCEM on the consequences of ACD in the following-up period.

The review study was conducted in-the-year-2017. The PRISMA guideline was used to retrieve all national and international studies using the FCEM keyword.

In the initial search, 644 papers were retrieved, following PRISMA screening guideline, 47 relevant papers were recognized. The final studies were classified and reviewed using the variables: authors, year, type of research with the number of studied groups, the purpose of the research, the sampling method, the characteristics of the research samples in terms of the number of people and the type of disease, the method of data collection and final conclusion.

The review of the published studies with the FCEM and the effectiveness of all of those on the different outcomes of the studies, indicates that this indigenous model: 1) corresponds with the culture of Iran; 2) is an effective, simple, efficient and reliable model; 3) can be used in promoting and improving the different aspects of ACD. The quality of conducting intervention studies using the FCEM was relatively good, but the reporting style and quality of the studies are inadequate.

Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of death in children, and there is also a direct relationship between low level of zinc and diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc sulfate on acute diarrhea in children, in terms of the socioeconomic status of parents in Isfahan City, Iran. In this clinical trial study, 82 children with acute diarrhea, referred to clinics affiliated to educational centers in Isfahan, entered the study according to the criteria for entering socioeconomic level (low or high). The intervention group (38 cases) received zinc sulfate according to the age group, and the placebo group was under treatment with placebo same as the other group. The data of this study were compared between the two groups. The mean recovery time in the intervention group was significantly lower than placebo group (P < 0.050). Moreover, in the follow up of 5 and 14 days, the incidence of diarrhea, outpatient visits, and hospitalization in the intervention group was significantly lower than placebo group (P < 0.050). In follow up of 1 and 3 months, the incidence of diarrhea and hospitalization was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to placebo group, too (P < 0.050). The use of zinc sulfate in patients with different socioeconomic levels is a highly effective, safe, and non-adverse drug supplement to reduce the incidence, severity, recovery period, outpatient visits, and hospitalization due to diarrhea.

Prevention is a necessary and urgent task due to the widespread prevalence of various acute and chronic diseases. Nurses, in order to play their professional role and responsibility, need to know the choices, needs and abilities of patients in reality, their communication and their social context. The present review was conducted with two 1. determining the effect of a continuous care model on the outcomes of acute and chronic diseases, and, 2. describing and assessing the quality of methodology of published papers in this field.
This is a systematic review conducted on 2017. A systematic search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to retrieve all national and international studies using a Continuous Care Model.
In the initial search, 3074 papers were retrieved, and following PRISMA screening guide, 51 relevant articles were identified. The final studies were classified and reviewed based on the authors, year, type of research with the number of studied groups, the aim of the research, the sampling method, the characteristics of the research samples in terms of the number of people and the type of disease, the method of data collection and final conclusion.
According to the review of the studies carried out with the continuous care model and the effectiveness of all of them on the different outcomes of the study, it can be stated with certainty that this indigenous model corresponds with the culture of Iran is an effective, simple, efficient and reliable model and can be used in promoting and improving the various aspects of acute and chronic diseases. The quality of conducting intervention studies using this Continuous Care Model was relatively good, but the reporting style and quality of the studies are inadequate.

Bronchiolitis is one of the most common diseases of the lower respiratory tract in infants. Vitamin D has been shown to be protective against lower respiratory infections; however, there are limited and contradictory results in relation to serum vitamin D level and the incidence of bronchiolitis in children. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of this vitamin in healthy infants and infants with acute bronchiolitis.
This case-control study conducted at Abuzar hospital in Ahvaz city, during October to March of 2014. Three groups of 45 eligible infants including control, low and high intensity of bronchiolitis enrolled to study. The severity of bronchiolitis classified according to scores derived from the respiratory distress assessment index. One to eight scores considered as low intensity and 9 to 17 scores considered as high intensity of bronchiolitis. Subsequently, 3 ml of venous blood sample were taken from them and the serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured by using an enzymatic kit.
60 (44.4%) infants were girls. The mean age of the control, low and high intensity of bronchiolitis groups were 11.2±5.2, 10±5.8 and 9.8±4.7 months, respectively (P=0.1). The mean of 25(OH)D concentrations in the control, low and high intensity bronchiolitis groups were 28.3±19.4, 17.7±11.7 and 13.6±5.7 nm/l, respectively. There was a significant difference in levels of 25(OH)D between the control-low intensity bronchiolitis groups (P=0.001) and the control-high intensity bronchiolitis groups (P=0.002), this difference was not significant between the two groups of bronchiolitis. There was a direct and significant correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and age (r=0.2, P=0.005), breast milk consumption (r=0.3, P=0.001), and vitamin D supplementation (r=0.6, P=0.000).
In the present study, levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in infants with bronchiolitis than control group. In addition, 25(OH)D levels did not affect the severity of bronchiolitis.

Regular monitoring and maintaining oral endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure in the normal range in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in order to maintain adequate ventilation and reduce the risk of complications is essential. This study was aimed to determine the oral ETT cuff pressures in mechanically ventilated patients were admitted to the intensive care unit.
This cross-sectional study conducted between February 2015 and June 2015. Fifty patients with oral ETT were admitted to the intensive care unit were selected. Pressure of ETT cuff was measured by a standard calibrated manometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver 22.
The Mean of oral ETT cuff pressure was 53.40 ± 25.42 cm of H2O. In 76% of cases, the cuff pressure was higher than 30 cm of H2O. There was no correlation between factors related to patients and ETT cuff pressure. Only significant correlation between the ETT cuff pressure and body temperature was observed.
Cuff pressure is often higher than safe limits and regular monitoring of the ETT cuff pressure and preventing its consequences are much recommended.