جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "تجویز" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Objentive (s): 

Physicians are in the frontline of the distribution channel in the pharmaceutical value chain. The prescribing behavior of doctors influences the use of herbal medicines. This study investigated the effect of knowledge, attitude, and social marketing mix on doctors' prescribing behavior of herbal medicines.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 in Ahvaz, Iran. Its statistical population included 878 doctors working in medical centers and public and private offices in Ahvaz, and the data were collected using the census method. Data was collected using a self-designed questionnaire to measure the level of knowledge and attitude of doctors and the role of social marketing mix on doctors' prescribing behavior. Descriptive and analytical statistics, including Pearson's correlation, linear regression, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The results showed a significant relationship between all research variables and doctors' prescribing behavior (p= 0.001), where the attitude showed the strongest positive relationship (r= 0.692). Regression analysis showed that the two factors of attitude and knowledge had a positive effect, and promotion strategy has a negative and inverse effect on doctors' prescribing behavior. Also, a significant relationship observed between doctors' prescribing behavior and gender (p= 0.001) and education level (p= 0.004).

Knowledge, attitude, and promotion strategy are predictors of herbal medicine prescribing behavior by physicians.

In recent years, CBCT imaging has found many applications in dentistry due to its advantages such as 3D images, ease of imaging and the possibility of data reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dental residents and students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences towards the need to prescribe CBCT in 2022-2023.

the current study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study.146 general dentistry students and 24 dental residents participated in this study. 23 questions in the field of knowledge and attitude about the use of CBCT were used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by using sources, valid scientific articles and by presenting and consulting radiology specialists. To determine the reliability, retest and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Finally, the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software version16 using chi-square, t-test and correlation tests.

The level of knowledge and attitude of general students was higher than dental residents. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the level of knowledge and attitude of students with their duration of study at the university, so the higher the academic year, the lower the knowledge and attitude.

The results of the present study showed that dental students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences have a relatively moderate knowledge and attitude about the use of CBCT.

 Irational use of antibiotics due to microbial resistance and imposing additional treatment costs on the patient is one of the concerns of the medical experts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retraining course on prescribing antibiotics in general dentists of Qom province.

 In this Educational interventional study, the antibiotics prescribed by general dentists in Qom province included 22418 prescriptions in the form of medical insurance and social security in two intervention groups of 67 people (dentists participating in Retraining in February 2017) and control in two three-month periods (November, December and December 2018) and (May, June and July 2018) were investigated.

 The average number of prescriptions prescribed by each dentist in the intervention group before and after retraining was 62.73 and 72.92 respectively (P value = 0.043) and the amount of prescriptions increased after retraining. The average number of prescriptions in the control group before and after retraining was 96.88 and 100.06 respectively (P value = 0.57) and the prescribed prescriptions did not differ significantly from each other. The average number of prescriptions containing antibiotics prescribed by each dentist before retraining in the intervention and control groups were 62.73 ± 95.48 and 96.88 ± 134.56, respectively, and the number of prescription increased after retraining, but there was no significant difference with each other (P=0.09).

 The educational intervention was relatively unsuccessful in reaching its goals. Lack of sufficient motivation, lack of useful and effective teaching methods, lack of participation in discussions can be involved in these results.

Educating pregnant women about the effects of smoking and its fetal risks can make it easier to quit smoking and consider health advice and practice self-care during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on prescribing health information on the self-care ability of pregnant women who smoke.

This applied research was conducted using the quantitative (quasi-experimental) methodology with pre-test and post-test single group design. The study population consisted of all pregnant women who smoked and were referred to five gynecology hospitals in Tehran (Sarem, Mirza Koochak Khan, Hedayat, Akbarabadi, Arash) in 2019.133 subjects were selected by multi-stage clustering method. A researcher-made self-care ability questionnaire was used to collect the data after the determination of validity and reliability. Education was the intervention performed in this study and data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of p˂0.05.

The mean age of women was 30.12± 1.11 years and the mean gestational age was 26.18 ±3.86 weeks. The mean score of total self-care ability of pregnant women who smoked before intervention was 45.68 while it was 133.47 after the intervention. The mean of self-care capacity after intervention in the subscales of specific knowledge about pregnancy care was 36.11, awareness and attention to the adverse effects of smoking on maternal and fetal health was 40.76, effective care practices was 29.89 and search for care services and cooperation with the treatment group reached 26.71 which indicated the positive effect of the intervention.

According to the results, health system must consider the education of pregnant women about the risks of smoking during pregnancy and the effects of quitting it on increasing their self-care capacity.

Due to the significant use of vancomycin antibiotic in hospitals and the need for rational use of this antibiotic to prevent the occurrence of antibiotic resistance, the present study was conducted to evaluate the administration and pattern of vancomycin antibiotic use in the Payambar-e-Azam Hospital of Bandar Abbas.

The present study was a retrospective descriptive study in the 2017 year. Patients treated with vancomycin during one year were selected by reviewing the information of patients admitted to the Payambar-e-Azam Hospital of Bandar Abbas. Then, referring to the records of these patients in hospital medical records, the required information was extracted. The information was then reviewed by an infectious disease specialist according to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) guidelines.

In this study, 189 patients receiving vancomycin antibiotics in different wards of the Payambar-e-Azam Hospital of Bandar Abbas were evaluated. Of the patients studied, 49 (26%) received vancomycin in the first line of treatment. 170 (90%) were prescribed antibiotics based on experience and 19 (10%) on antibiogram testing. Among the recipients of vancomycin antibiotics, antibiotic use for 92(48/7%) patients was based on a defined daily dose (DDD).

In the present study, about half of the prescribed vancomycin was administered according to DDD guidelines, but most of the treatments are experimental without regard to antibiogram and culture results.

Due to preventing unnecessary exposure to x-ray, the dentists must acquire adequate information about radiography.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on general dentists working in Yazd City, selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a three-part questionnaire, the first part included demographic information of the dentists (age, gender, work experience, education level), and the second part contained the effective clinical findings in radiography (patient age, sex, history, radiographic costs, patient preferences, clinical observations, type of radiographic imaging system).

120 dentists with an average age of 37.38 ± 9.88 were in this study. The greatest impact factors on decision making by dentists in prescribing radiography were: surgical treatment plan (87.5%), toothache (75%), poor oral hygiene and heavily restored dentition (73.3%) and those who afraid of X-ray exposure were the least effective factors. The top radiographic choice of most of the dentists for diagnosis of occlusal caries was periapical radiograph, with 55%, even though according to the existing researches bitewing radiography would be the effective method. The top choice for the diagnosis of interdental caries was bitewing radiography with 88.3%, which matched the existing researches.

Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the dental community has little knowledge in the field of radiography for the diagnosis of occlusal carieshowever most of the dentists were right about diagnosing interdental caries. Therefore, it is important to hold retraining courses in order to maintain and improve the level of awareness of dentists and their familiarity with the latest radiographic techniques.

During recent decades antimicrobial resistance has become a worldwide problem to public health. The prescribing pattern of antibiotics by health care professionals is one of the main factors which affecting antimicrobial resistance. Evidences show the inappropriate use of antibiotics by dentists and could result to the antimicrobial resistance

The aim of this study was to determine GDPs’ knowledge and practice of antibiotic prescribing by Dentists in Tehran and find the main cuases of irrational prescription and then try to improve policies and education. A questionnaire was sent to 450 participants and receive 270 acceptable cases. The Data were analyzed using T test, ANOVA, by SPSS version 10.

Based on prescription of antibiotics for clinical sign data, the mean knowledge score was 4.2, the majority of dentists would prescribe antibiotics for acute pulpitis(78.9%), Acute periapical infection (75.2%), cellulitis (70.1%) and acute ulcerative gingivitis (67.4%) and 21%,19.7%,11.8% of respondents always prescribed antibiotics after prolonged root canal therapy, retreatment and after all root canal therapy. 3.8% of respondents answered all the questions of prophylactic antibiotic coverage correctly. The drug of choice for these cases was 2g Amoxicillin (75.2%).

we found the knowledge of General dental practitioner is inadequate about antibiotic therapy and is recommended a reform of their curriculum for further effective education and holding update continuing education programs.

The decision for taking dental radiograph of patients dependson clinical signs and medical history of patients. The number of radiographsordered for patients has increased in recent years; however, sufficient research has not been carried out on the types of radiographs dentistsorder in the country. This research was under taken to determine the frequencies and types of radiographsordered by general dental practitioners and specialists for patients under health insurance policy coverage, referring to the radiology centers in Isfahan.
Materials & This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 1210 dental radiographic examinations requested by general dental practitioners and specialists in patients under health insurance policy coverage, referring to radiology centers in Isfahan during one year. Data were analyzed with chi-squared and linear regression tests.
The most prescribed radiographic examinations were panoramic, bitewing, periapical, cephalograms and others, respectively. Endodontists, oral surgeons and orthodontists exhibited the most prescribed radiographs. Based onlinear regression analysis, gender of dentists (p value The most frequently prescribed radiographs were panoramic views. Endodontists, oral surgeons and orthodontists had the most prescribed radiographs.

As X-Ray utilizing is increasing for diagnostic purposes, it is essential that dentists possess adequate knowledge about prescribing radiographs in order to correctly diagnose as well as to minimize the dose of radiation. This study aimed to investigate the dentists' viewpoints about prescribing panoramic rhy.

In this descriptive study, data were obtained through a questionnaire that were answered by 130 dentists practicing in Yazd. Dentists were asked to rate 21 factors for their influence upon panoramic use, compare the benefit of panoramic and intraoral radiographs for diagnosis of common dental pathologies and state their principal reasons for taking panoramic radiographs. Data were analyzed with SPSS software(version 20) using descriptive statistics method and fisher exact test.

The factors most likely to influence dentists to take a panoramic radiograph were facial trauma (98.5%), pre implant surgry (97.7%). Moreover, dentists ' opinions on the diagnostic importance of panoramic radiographs were in broad agreement with those in the scientific literature except assessing of periodontal bone. The main reasons for taking panoramic radiographs were as a general screen (23.1%) and as a view for unerupted or impacted teeth (21.1%).

There are areas where dentists’ prescription of panoramic radiographs is in disagreement with recent guidelines. Successful implementation of these guidelines would be likely to lead to a substantial reduction in the numbers of panoramic radiographs taken by General Dentists.