جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تصفیه فاضلاب » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In recent decades, there has been a growing concern about the presence of antibiotics in water resources. The presence of these micropollutants even in low concentrations has significant effects on the environment and human health, and their entry into the soil and especially receiving waters should be prevented as much as possible. As effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant sources of antibiotics in the environment, this study aimed to investigate the efficiency of antibiotics removal in municipal WWTPs.

In this study, Isfahan East WWTP with a combination of stabilization ponds and an aeration lagoon, and Isfahan South WWTP with conventional activated sludge treatment were selected as well as four antibiotics from the beta-lactam group including ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, and penicillin, and their removal efficiency was investigated in both WWTPs. Samples were collected from the influent and effluent of both WWTPs on 13 occasions and analyzed immediately after being transferred to the laboratory. The concentration of antibiotics was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

In the Isfahan East WWTP, the average removal efficiency was 86.22 ± 19.84% for ampicillin, 34.35 ± 31.38% for amoxicillin, 78.75 ± 23.81% for cephalexin, and 89.80 ± 19.42% for penicillin. In the Isfahan South WWTP, the average removal efficiencies of amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, and penicillin were equal to 54.82 ± 33.29%, 66.85 ± 24.88%, 87.65 ± 21.76%, and 82.76 ± 21.85%, respectively.

The study's findings revealed that Isfahan municipal WWTPs were unable to fully eliminate antibiotics. According to statistical analysis, there were significant differences in the concentration of antibiotics in both WWTPs, and no critical correlation was observed between the removal efficiency of antibiotics and other principal wastewater parameters. Consequently, there is a need for stricter control over the discharge of effluent into the river or its use for agricultural irrigation.

The tension and crisis caused by the lack of water is one of the major problems in Iran and the world. The available water resources are under threat with the increase in population and the water per capita is constantly decreasing. The use of wastewater treatment plant effluents for irrigation of green spaces, agriculture and other purposes as an alternative and suitable source is very necessary and must be given more attention. This problem shows the importance of proper operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, especially the activated sludge method as a very efficient process with the production of wastewater with suitable quality for use in irrigation of green spaces and agriculture. Achieving this importance depends on the adequate training of local operators and the existence of necessary incentive and monitoring programs and policies. This article is presented with the aim of introducing one of the most important and practical techniques in the operation of wastewater treatment plants using the activated sludge method. This article is presented with the aim of introducing one of the most important and practical techniques in the operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants using the activated sludge method.

The presence of emerging-resistant contaminants in wastewater poses challenges to the efficacy of the biological treatment process. Advanced oxidation processes show great potential for enhancing the quality of wastewater. The aim of this study was to enhance the efficacy of the effluent from the Parand City treatment plant through the optimization of the sonoelectrochemical process.

Pilot used 500 cc sonoelectrochemical reactor with direct current generator, ultrasonic, and graphene electrodes. To determine pH (4–8), direct electric current (50–100 mA), reaction time (60–120 min), and frequency (30–50 kHz), the central composite design was used. We looked at the process pace, energy utilization, waste physical and chemical qualities, and overall impact. The purification parameters were obtained using water and wastewater testing methods.

The P-value and F-value indicate the selected model was significant. The best process conditions to use are a pH of 6.5, an electric current intensity of 82.8 mA, a reaction time of 113 min, and a frequency of 35 kHz. Under these conditions, the removal of COD, TOC, BOD5, nitrogen, and phosphorus was 81%, 69%, 93.2%, 96%, and 94.7%, respectively. The kinetics of the process follow first-order kinetics, and the synergistic effect coefficient was 1.62. The energy efficiency was determined to be 98.07 mg/kWh.

The utilization of the sonoelectrochemical process can be employed as a sophisticated method for treatment. However, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the process's efficacy by utilizing raw wastewater samples.

Tetracycline represents the most prevalent antibiotic group in production and utilization and is extensively employed for the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases in both human and veterinary medicine. The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) for eliminating tetracycline from aqueous solutions.

This study was conducted in a batch mode utilizing an electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) system. All experiments were carried out under constant temperature conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) in conjunction with a central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the variables associated with the electro-activated persulfate and hydrogen peroxide process, including pH, current density, and the persulfate/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio, with the aim of tetracycline removal. Data analysis in this study was performed using Data Designer 8.0.6 software.

The results of this study revealed the use of a quadratic model to predict the impact of independent variables on the efficiency of tetracycline removal in the process. The exceedingly low (p <0.0001) and the high correlation coefficient (R2) of the obtained model signify a robust correlation between experimental and predicted data. The optimal conditions for achieving maximum efficiency in the degradation of tetracycline through electro-activated persulfate were determined to be a pH of 5.6, a persulfate/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio of 1.1, and a current density of 31 mA. Under these conditions, tetracycline degradation reached approximately 95.2%.

Based on the findings of this investigation, it can be deduced that the advanced oxidation process relying on electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) is capable of eliminating contaminants in aqueous environments, influenced by various factors such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, catalyst concentration (persulfate), and pH. The study highlights the capability of the electro-activated persulfate (EC/PS/HR) hybrid process to decompose recalcitrant pollutants like tetracycline from aqueous environments. Overall, the electro-activated persulfate process demonstrates promise for the degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solutions.

The consequence of using coagulant materials such as aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride in the coagulation unit of conventional water treatment plants can generate plenty of sludge that contains large amounts of coagulant, which in addition to environmental risks, will also possess disposal costs. Today, intending to preserve the environment and reduce treatment costs, researchers emphasize the recovery and reuse of coagulants from sludge. In this regard, the present study was proposed and implemented to recover and reuse water treatment plant sludge as a low-cost coagulant in wastewater treatment.

This research is an experimental-laboratory study. In order to recover the coagulant from the collected sludge, acid hydrolysis method was used. The physicochemical characteristics of the recovered sludge were also determined using FTIR, FE-SEM, and BET analysis. Moreover, the efficiency of recovered sludge in different doses (50 to 300 mg/L) on wastewater treatability in terms of COD, TSS, VSS, turbidity, phosphorus, and coliform indices was compared with aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride coagulants, also the results of the study were analyzed and presented using Excel software (version, 2016).

According to the results, the prepared sludge had no crystalline structure with amorphous morphology. In addition, recovered coagulant from water treatment sludge has demonstrated high efficiency for wastewater treatment, so 66.6%, 82.49%, 79.66%, 80%, 65 %, 99.18% of COD, turbidity, TSS, VSS, phosphorus, total coliform were removed at the highest dosage of recovered coagulant (300 mg/L), respectively. Furthermore, the recovered coagulant dosage had a significant effect on the performance of the coagulation and flocculation process in wastewater treatment.

The results showed that recovered coagulant from the sludge of the water treatment plant can be considered an acceptable option with appropriate effectiveness in the wastewater treatment processes.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of biological process treatment (Modified Ludzack Ettinger) of municipal wastewater treatment plant No. 4 in Mashhad- Alteymur.

The performance of treatment plant was evaluated in a 12-month period from March 2020 to February 2021. Based on flow changes, a sampling of raw sewage inlet and outlet effluent was done in combination.  Moreover, studied parameters, including BOD5, COD, TSS, TDS, EC, pH, total coliform, and fecal coliform were measured according to the methods presented in the standard method book for water and wastewater tests. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data and compare them.

Based on the results, the highest removal efficiencies are related to the parameters of T.C, FC, TSS, BOD5, COD, TDS, and EC, respectively, with 100, 100, 98.48, 97.88, 48.96, 25.97, and 25.88 percent, respectively. The significant removal efficiency of measured parameters in the effluent from wastewater treatment plant No. 4 of Mashhad (Altimour) shows the proper performance of MLE process system. The results of the ANOVA test to compare the removal efficiency of parameters in different seasons showed that the performance of treatment plant was not affected by the change of seasons.

The amounts of pollutants were compared with the standard of the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran for discharge to the environment and using the wastewater. According to the studies performed on the tested parameters, the effluent is in line with the standards of the Environmental Protection Organization for irrigation and agriculture, surface water, and absorption wells, but for other uses and proper efficiency of the effluent, all aspects should be considered.

Wastewater treatment of paper recycling and cardboard industries with the aim of water recycling and reducing environmental impact is one of the daily needs of industries. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to optimize the conditions of coagulation and flocculation process in wastewater treatment of paper recycling industries using the response surface method.

In this laboratory study, response surface method and central composite design were used to design the experiments and to determine the effects of the studied variables (pH, concentrations of alum, Poly aluminum chloride (PAC), and cationic polymer) on the total suspended solid (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency. Data analysis was done using ANOVA statistical test with a significant level of 0.05.

The results showed that in the combination of PAC with cationic polymer (optimal conditions; pH=7.5, PAC concentration=450 mg/L, cationic polymer concentration=1.5 mg/L), the TSS and COD removal efficiency were 97.34% and 75.76%, respectively. In combination of alum with cationic polymer (optimal conditions; pH=8.5, alum concentration=550 mg/L, cationic polymer concentration=2 mg/L), removal efficiencies were 98.96% and 77.83%, respectively. The simultaneous effects of two independent variables, pH and concentration, had a significant effect (p<0.05) in removing TSS and COD variables.

The results showed that the combination of PAC with cationic polymer had a better efficiency. Also, the COD and TSS in the final effluent were higher and lower than the standard values, respectively. Therefore, chemical coagulation process is proposed as pretreatment.

Advanced Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) are one of the most suitable modified activated sludge systems. Due to low cost, optimal efficiency, and easy operation, they are recognized as an effective biological treatment system. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the SBR biological process in the removal of organic matter and nutrients from Yazd city wastewater.

This descriptive study examines the trend of organic matter and nutrients changes in the biological process of advanced SBR. In this study, the samples were taken from the input and output of the SBR process four times a month for 9 months in 2019. A total of 72 samples were taken. Then COD (chemical oxygen demand) and BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) and nutrients (phosphate ( ), total phosphorus, ammonium ( ), nitrate ( ), and nitrite  were measured. Finally, the results were analyzed by one-sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05.

The concentration of COD and BOD5 in the effluent was 42 and 14 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of total phosphorus, phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite in the effluent was also shown to be 2.9, 2.4, 6.3, 9.01, and 0.92 mg/L, respectively.

The results showed that the active sludge system in the Yazd wastewater treatment plant has a good and acceptable situation. This has caused a significant reduction in organic matter and nutrients. These results are in accordance with the standards of the Iranian Environment Organization in the reuse of wastewater.

Spread prevention actions (SPAs) during Coronavirus pandemic period, such as increased hand-washing, temporary lock-downs, preventions in transportation, and the reduction of recreational and industrial activities may change the routines in social behaviors. Accordingly, SPAs can be effective on the quality and quantity of raw municipal wastewater. This research evaluates the aforementioned hypothesis and recommends solutions for the proper operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). 

For this purpose, the quantity and quality of sewage in 23 municipal WWTPs in Isfahan province, as the study area, were surveyed and compared from 2015 to 2020. SPSS software (version 23) was used for statistical analysis.

Results indicated that the annual growth rate of sewage discharged in the spring and summer of 2020 (period of SPAs) in the study area is 24% more than the average of annual growth rate in long-term (2015-2019). This increase is 45% in small WWTPs, while it is only 5% in large WWTPs. Results also revealed that the concentration of chemical oxidation demand (COD) of sewage was reduced 24% on average in this period. In addition, the biodegradability of wastewater is increased in large WWTPs mainly due to the decrease of industrial activities.

Therefore, SPAs in the pandemic period of Coronavirus could increase the quantity of municipal wastewater and reduce its COD concentrations. These variations may provide more appropriate operational conditions for waste stabilization ponds rather than activated sludge units.

Malachite green is one of the most widely used dyes in various industries, aquaculture, and fungicides. The residues have adverse effects on environmental and human health and should be removed from the effluent before discharging to the environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of photocatalytic process using halloysite-titanium dioxide nanocomposite in the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions and the effect of various parameters on the process efficiency.

This experimental study was performed on a laboratory scale in a discontinuous system. In this process, a 15 W (UV-C) lamp of 26 mm diameter and length of 45 cm and a nanocomposite (halloysite-titanium dioxide) were used. The influence of contact time, nanocomposite dose, dye concentration, and pH of the reaction on the removal efficiency was investigated. The properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were determined by sol-gel method using XRD and SEM techniques. The concentration of malachite green was measured using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at 619 nm.

The best photocatalytic dye removal efficiency (91.29%) was seen at 3 mg/l dye concentration, pH= 10, contact time= 90 min, and nanocomposite dose= 0.1 g/l.

This study showed that photocatalytic process using nanocomposite (halloysite-titanium dioxide) is efficient in decomposing and removing malachite green.

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is known as new technology for domestic wastewater treatment. This research aims on the performance evaluation of MBR in pollutants removal and membrane fouling in different operational conditions.

For this purpose, a pilot with 140 L net volume and flat-sheet membrane was started up and continuously fed with real wastewater in Ekbatan wastewater treatment plant. It has been operated for 100 days with different organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.58, 0.71 and 1.55 kgCOD/m3.d and aeration conditions of DO>4 mg/L and DO<1.5 mg/L.

The results show that MBR can remove more than 96% of BOD, COD and TSS of wastewater in all operating conditions. This performance is rather constant and verifies the high reliability of system in different operating conditions. Nevertheless, the maximum removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) is 31% and 66%, respectively, while it degrades about 15% in aerated condition (DO>4 mg/L). In addition, membrane fouling increases whenever OLR is increased or the aeration is reduced. Actually, the trans-membrane pressure (TMP) is statistically correlated with OLR (R2=0.91).

The findings reveal that MBR is an efficient technology for domestic wastewater treatment and performs rather constant in times of aeration reduction or OLR enhancement. However, it requires supplementary techniques for TN and TP removal.

Biological treatment of wastewater containing high dissolved solids, because of the high concentration of salt, is not possible. A method for treating this type of wastewater is electro-oxidation process. The aim of this study was application of response surface methodology to optimize the saline wastewater treatment using electro-oxidation process.

This experimental study was conducted in a pilot scale. The samples were prepared synthetically at the required level of saline wastewater.The independent variables were reaction time, pH, electrolyte concentration, and cell voltage. The process performance was evaluated based on COD and TOC removal efficiencies. The determination of the number of experiments, statistical analysis and modeling of laboratory data, and optimization of COD and TOC removal were performed using the central composite design and surface response method.

The results showed that the removal efficiencies of COD and TOC at the optimum conditions of pH=8, reaction time= 34 min, salt concentration= 23.5 gr/l, and voltage= 7 V were 88.48% and 69% respectively. In these conditions, the desirability of the model was 1.

Electro-oxidation was an effective process for COD and TOC removal, but not enough to produce effluents which meet the environmental standards. Therefore, this process is proposed for pretreatment of saline waste water. In addition, central composite design and response surface methodology were appropriate to optimize the variables affecting COD and TOC removal process using electro-oxidation.

Build wastewater treatment plants alone will not resolve environmental concerns. But, for achieve optimal environmental standards, the performance of the treatment plants must be constantly monitored and evaluated. The purpose of this study was to feasibility of reuse of output effluent wastewater treatment plant of Ardakan.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. During a 6-month period from April 2019 to September 2019, 48 input and output samples were collected. The parameters studied included COD, BOD5, TSS, total coliform and fecal coliform. Which were measured according to the methods outlined in the Standard Method Book for Water and Wastewater Testing. Finally, the results were analyzed by statistical tests.

The results showed that, the mean COD, BOD5, TSS, Fecal coliform and Total coliform at the output were 14.36, 4.56, 2.6 mg/L, 41 MPN/100 mL and 11.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Also removal efficiency for COD, BOD5 and TSS, total coliform and fecal coliform were 96.27, 96.81, 98.84, 99.99 and 99.99 Percentage, respectively.

The results showed that wastewater treatment plant Ardakan resulted in a significant reduction of organic matter and microbial contamination and was in good condition. And complies with standards in the reuse of wastewater for agricultural use, discharge into surface water and discharge to sorbent wells. Document Type: Research article

Considering 829000 annual diarrhoeal deaths due to water pollution worldwide, the World Health Organization has emphasized that countries should reduce this rate by upgrading their wastewater treatment systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a modified up flow septic tanks reactor for treatment of synthetic wastewater.

In this experimental study, a modified septic tank system based on the upstream hydraulic regime, and also a conventional septic tank system was designed, manufactured, and operated. The municipal wastewater was used to operate, and synthetic wastewater was used to maintain. The major performance indicators of septic tanks include: volatile solids (VS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were sampled and measured in triplicates. The experiments were done in three hydraulic retention times of 24, 48, and 72 hr. Finally, the results of the study were analyzed by statistical tests in the SPSS software.

The average removal of TSS, VS, VSS, and COD in HRT 24 h for the conventional reactor were 55.07, 27.36, 30.82, and 55.52%, respectively, and for the upstream-modified reactor at HRT 24 h were 66.57%, 34.05%, 38.47%, and 65.57%, respectively.

Changing septic tanks to up flow regimes and creating a cylindrical shape in conventional septic tanks, the removal efficiency of conventional septic tanks was improved, and the effluent contamination load was reduced.

Today, use of wastewater treatment systems in urban and rural areas is necessary to protect the health of communities, prevent water resources pollution and reuse of wastewater. Therefore, this study aimed to select the best wastewater treatment method for Meybod villages in Yazd based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

This descriptive study was carried out in 2018 to compare four wastewater treatment methods including Wetland, stabilization pond, concrete extended aeration and pre-made extended aeration for wastewater treatment in the villages of Meybod city, Yazd. Data were collected by a researcher-designed questionnaire and the statistical population included 20 faculty members and experts. Finally, the processes were weighted according to technical, economic and environmental criteria and using paired t-test and analyzed by Expert Choice software.

Wetland method with weight of 0.37 was the best option for the treatment of rural wastewater, and the stabilization pond, pre-made extended aeration and concrete extended aeration with weight of 0.276, 0.179 and 0.175 were next in the rank, respectively. Also, the most important criteria for selecting the wastewater treatment method were environmental (56.6%) and technical (23.9%) criteria, respectively.

According to the environmental, technical and economic criteria of the wastewater treatment methods in this study, Wetland method is the best technology for rural wastewater treatment of the studied villages.

 This research was funded by Islamic Azad University, Meybod Branch Conflict of interest: None declared

 The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sports Sciences Research Institute (IR.SSRC.REC.1397.011).How to cite this article: Mosavi Bafroei S H, Amrollahi M, Eslami H. Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process in Selecting the Most Appropriate Method for Wastewater Treatment in Meybod Villages in Yazd, 2018: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (8): 783-96. [Farsi]

Previously, wastewater treatment process designing was used to be based on experimental parameters. But because of various quality and quantity of inflow, effluent wasn’t being applicable to meet expected quality when standard parameters were used in design process only. Nowadays, logical parameters which are based on biological kinetic equation are used as experimental parameters in WWTP designing. The aim of this study is determination of bio kinetic coefficients KB and Umax in Sepahanshahr WWTP to use in similar conditions.
In wastewater treatment plant, efficiency of BOD, COD and TSS removal at a 3-years-period is investigated and the kinetic coefficients are determined.
Findings: The efficiency of BOD, COD and TSS removal in aeration lagoon were above 72±4%, 70±6%, 62±6% respectively. Bio kinetic coefficients are obtained by Kincannon- Stover model. KB and Umax for aeration lagoon were 136.5 g COD/l.d and 55.8 gCOD/l.d, respectively.
¡he effluent quality of Sepahanshahr WWTP met the environmental organization of Iran to reuse in irrigation. Bio kinetic coefficients calculation shows that Kincannon-Stover model is adapted for COD removal in aeration lagoon (R2>0.88).

Background and Application of nanomaterials is growing in removing various contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and in deactivation of water or sewage bacteria. However, the ability to degrade or eliminate the genetic components of bacteria by nanoparticles and preventing the increasing trend of antibiotic resistance from sewage treatment plants needs to be further investigated. This study aimed at eliminating the genetic components (antibiotic resistance genes) of heterotrophic bacteria from wastewater by Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles.
To eliminate genetic components of bacteria, the ability of nZVI was measured by cellular and molecular methods to remove the genetic components of the bacteria. Selected genes included TetW (tetracycline) Ctx-m-32 (Ceftazidime), and CmlA1 (Chloramphenicol). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers were used to detect resistant genes.
The average concentrations of HPC and ARBs were 1.68 × 105 and 2.58 × 104 cfu/mL in primary effluent. The mean values for ARGs were (TetW)=33.71 ±10.66, (CmlA1)=57.71 ±11.60, and (Ctx-m-32)=37.71 ±4.85 ng/μl after the experiments. The proposed software model for HPC and ARBs included nZVI= 20-23 mg/l, QN2=7-7.8l/min, and time=23-30 min and for ARGs it included nZVI=28-30 mg/l, QN2=7-7.8l/min, and time=30-38 min.
Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles can degrade and eliminate heterotrophic bacteria, and decompose and eliminate the genetic components of bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Unlike the chlorination units of sewage treatment plants that increase antibiotic resistance among effluent bacteria, iron significantly reduces the populations of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Compared to TetW and CmlA1, the Ctx-m-32 genes have high stability and durability against nZVI.

Cadmium is considered as one of the most hazardous heavy metals, a non-essential, non-beneficial and highly toxic element to people. In the current study, the ability of aspergillus terreus fungi biomass was surveyed in the removal of cadmium from aquatic solutions.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2015 using fungal biomass culture on a shake flask. The dead biomass of aspergillus terreus fungi was applied as an adsorbent for the treatment of aquatic solution under the conditions of cadmium concentrations: 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mgþ/l, pH: 3, 5, 7 and 9, retention time: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min and adsorbent dose: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 g. The remained concentrations of cadmium after adsorption were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results indicated that under condition of retention time: 90 min, pH: 7, initial cadmium concentration: 20mgþ/l and adsorbent dose: 1g, the biomass had a removal efficiency of 94%. Moreover, Adsorption process fitted to Freundlich isotherm with R2=0.9463 and first order kinetic with R2=0.9935.
In current study, it was observed that the factors of pH, retention time, dose of aspergillus terreus fungi and initial cadmium concentration had a noticeable effect on the adsorption amount. with regard to the high adsorption capacity of the biomass in comparison to other adsorbents in the removal of cadmium, this biomass can be used as a good adsorbent in wastewater treatment.

Background and Microbial desalination cells are the new technologies that can be used for wastewater treatment, desalination of seawater and electricity production simultaneously.
This experimental study was performed on a laboratory scale as a batch mode. The anode was flat carbon graphite that were heat treated, and the cathode was carbon cloth with 0.5 mg/cm2 of Pt on the water side and four PTFE diffusion layers on the air side. Output voltage was measured and power and current density were calculated. Changes in pH, COD, EC and chloride in the solution of the reactor vessel were evaluated and based on these changes, the parameters such as efficiency in COD reducing, the rate reduction of EC of salt-water and COD of wastewater and then columbic efficiency were calculated.
About half of EC in saltwater was reduced. Change percent in chloride ion in 25, 50 mM PBS and municipal wastewater was 175±21, 217±2 and 311±53 respectively. COD removal efficiency in 25, 50 mM PBS and municipal wastewater was 86±1, 80± 1and 76±4 mg / L, and the rate of COD removal was 10.74 ± 0.62, 6.95 ± 0.74 and 6.77 ± 0.25 mg / L.hr respectively. Columbic efficiency in 25, 50 mM PBS and municipal wastewater was 24±2, 51± 3and 25±0 respectively.
Due to the significant reduction in COD and about half of the EC in wastewater, this technology can be used for municipal wastewater treatment and water desalination without the need to use energy.