جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تقارن » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Weakness and change of balance strategy can affect the plantar pressure distribution symmetry. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of core stability exercises (CSE) along with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on the plantar pressure distribution symmetry in women with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP).

In this experimental study, the statistical population was 30 women with CNLBP referred to five orthopedic clinics in Hamedan in 2020. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group performed CSE along with ADIM for 8 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Plantar pressure distribution was evaluated before and after the intervention. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the results between the groups.

The experimental group with a higher effect size in the symmetry of the right-left foot pressure distribution (ηp2=0.749, p<0.001), the symmetry of the fore-back pressure distribution of the right foot (ηp2=0.556, p<0.001), and the symmetry of fore-back pressure distribution of the left foot (ηp2= 0.597, p<0.001) had a significant difference with the control group.

It is suggested that patients perform a combination of CSE and ADIM to strengthen both the mechanical and respiratory aspects of the core muscles of the body through increasing the activation of deep muscles as stabilizing and respiratory muscles. The combination of these protocols through stabilization of the spine can disperse the high forces and balance the plantar pressure distribution, and reduce the pain intensity.

Rhythmic auditory stimulation has been used clinically as a therapeutic intervention to improve gait function in patients with various neurological diseases. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation with different tempos on spatio-temporal parameters and gait symmetry in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

The present study participants included 13 women diagnosed with MS (EDSS: 3.5-5.5) and 14 healthy women. Walking of the subjects was examined under 4 different modes: baseline gait without rhythmic auditory stimulation and gait with rhythmic auditory stimulation at -10%, 0%, and +10% of the baseline tempo, applied in random order. A motion capture system with 6 cameras was used to collect kinematic data.

The results of independent sample t-test showed that people with MS walked slower, shorter distance, and spent a greater percentage of a gait cycle in double support phase than healthy control subjects. Furthermore, the findings showed that with an increase in tempo, the parameters of stance duration, swing duration, double support duration, stride duration, and stride length decrease, and cadence increases. The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed that auditory rhythmic stimulation significantly improves the gait symmetry index compared to the condition of the gait without auditory rhythmic stimulation.

The findings of this study showed that the subjects who participated in this study adjusted well to the changing tempo, and gait improvement was also found at different tempos. Therefore, our findings suggest that rhythmic auditory stimulation has the potential to be a safe, effective, and low-cost intervention for gait disturbance in patients with MS.

To determine the status of rule similarity (isorule vs. anisorule) and symmetry pattern (direct versus mirror) in refractive surgery candidates

This population-based study was conducted on the available data of 2015-2016. The clinical records containing complete eye examinations including the measurement of visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, biomicroscopy, and topographic images were evaluated. Clinical and demographic data including the amount of refractive error (diopter and cylinder) and astigmatism axis were extracted from the patients’ records. In this study, refraction was recorded as a negative cylinder value, and spherical values of more than 0.5 D for myopia and hyperopia and astigmatism less than 1 D were considered as the exclusion criteria.

After applying the exclusion criteria, the data of 2196 astigmatic patients were analyzed. In the study population, 95.9% of the patients had isorule and 4.1% had anisorule astigmatism. The prevalence of isorule and anisorule astigmatism was similar in terms of gender (p=0.204) and age (0.244). An increase in the amount of astigmatism was associated with an increase in the prevalence of isorule and a decrease in the prevalence of anisorule astigmatism (p=0.012). The prevalence of WW, AA, and OO was 75.8%, 19%, and 1.1% and the prevalence of WA, WO, and AO was 0.6%, 2.5%, and 1%, respectively. As for the symmetry of astigmatism axes, the median difference in the axis of astigmatism between the fellow eyes was 5˚ in mirror symmetry and 10˚ in direct symmetry. According to the results, ageing was associated with an increase in the axis difference between the fellow eyes in both direct (p=0.023) and mirror (p<0.001) symmetry, while an increase in the amount of astigmatism increased the axis difference between the of fellow eyes in direct (p=0.002) and mirror (p<0.001) symmetry.

Isorule astigmatism is a very common pattern in refractive surgery candidates and anisorule astigmatism is a rare condition. Symmetry was also common in this study and there was a higher tendency towards mirror symmetry compared to direct symmetry. Patients with WW astigmatism had the highest symmetry among patients.