جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توانایی حرکتی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Cerebral palsy is the most common sensory-motor disorder that causes movement restriction. This damage is caused by a problem in brain developing period, during embryonic or childhood that can lead to functional disabilities and limited participation. The motor damage is mainly unilateral; upper limb is one of the most common abnormalities that result from cerebral palsy. These disorders affect the function of the upper limb and limit it. Children with cerebral palsy are more likely to have problems with their normal peers due to lack of proper sensory experience and impaired movement that is imposed on these children in many manual skills and motor functions. The importance of hand functioning is essential for the conduct of life and any disorder can create major problems for these children and ultimately adversely affect all aspects of their development. Therefore, the application of training protocols that can help restore performance is important. The purpose of this study was to survey effect of sensorimotor training on the moving capability of hand in students with cerebral palsy of spastic hemiplegia. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 students of the cerebral palsy center of Kermanshah (west of Iran) were invited to the study. A total of 30 gestational pupils from 8 to 12 years with spasticity were selected by available sampling method. Participants after receiving permission from of authorities and parents written consent, subjects were selected to implement the project. Participants were then randomly divided into two groups of 15 subjects. Box and block test were used to measure hand motion. This test is time-dependent and the score for this test is based on the number of displaced cubes in 1minute. The exercise program included a sensory and motor part that lasted for 8 weeks and each week for 3 sessions and 60 minutes each session. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 22 and through independent sample T tests to compare the out-of-group and paired sample t test to compare intra-group at alpha level less than 0.05. After performing simultaneously, sensory-motor exercises, the motor function of the upper limb significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05). The mean change in the experimental group was from 11.53 ±8.03 to 15.80± 7.58 and in the control group was 10.73± 5.73 to 10.93± 5.72. Results showed a significant difference between two groups in motor capability p=0.047. Results of the study showed that the progress of these children in motor ability demonstrated the fact that they hada growth potential if they developed sensory-motor experiences. The importance of the hand in maintaining of independence and development of other skills in children and the important role of these skills in the interaction of the child with context of the proposal, it suggests that sensory-motor exercises can lead to improved hand functions in life and increase the independence of these children. Therefore, in order to improve the motor function of hands in children with cerebral palsy, spastic hemiplegia is better than simultaneous motor and emotional exercises.

Objectives The loss of physiological and functional capacity is a risk factor for falls, disability, and injury or death in the elderly. Water base-exercise (WEX) is one of the proposed methods for improving the performance of the elderly. The aim of this research was to study the effect of water base-exercise frequency on the balance and functional indices of untrained elderly man.
Methods & Materials This was a semi-experimental study consisting of 36 elderly men within the age group of 64.36±2.15 years, height 165.05±4.32 cm, weight 62.89±3.73 kg, and BMI 23.12±1.72, who volunteered to participate in the study. Prior to the initial assessment, each participant gave their written personal consent. Then the subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 12 members each: 2 d·wk-1, 3 d·wk-1, and control group. The water training protocol was followed for six weeks. Functional and balance parameters including flexibility, and strength of the lower extremities were evaluated before and after the completion of the training protocol. The differences in pretest and posttest for each group were examined using the paired t-test and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among the three groups. The value of P≥0.05 was considered significant. SPSS 17 software was used for carrying out all statistical operations.
Results The search indicated that the factor of static and dynamic balance and movement ability between the 2 d·wk-1 and 3 d·wk-1 WEX groups were not significantly different (P≥0.05). On the other hand, lower extremity strength and flexibility in the 3 d·wk-1 WEX group was significantly different from the 2 d·wk-1 (P≥0.05). Although the t-test results revealed significant differences (P≥0.05) between pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group, this difference was non-significant in the control group (P≥0.05).
Conclusion It was concluded that the balance and movement ability factors of elderly people are highly affected by the volume of practice to training frequency. However, the increase in training frequency could improve other physical factors such as muscle strength and flexibility in the elderly.

A consonant cluster is defined as a group or sequence of consonants that appear together in a syllable without any intervening vowel between them. The age of acquisition of consonant clusters is of special important. The ability to produce consonant clusters is reported to emerge when children are around 2 years of age. These early attempts usually result in simplified clusters which are eventually elaborated into correct clusters. The aim of the present study was to determine the acquisition age of some consonant clusters and their developmental patterns in Farsi-speaking children. 120 normal Farsi-speaking children with the age range of 2 to 4 years who lived in Isfahan at the time of experiment participated in this descriptive study. In the present study, the ability to produce clusters was evaluated through picture naming. An assessment tool was tailor-made for this research and it consisted of 24 words with cvcc structure. Study results showed that the age of acquisition for mp and nd was 2.7-3 years. Xt, sk, sb, ∫k, st, ft, st, ∫t, ks, bz, f∫, ng and ∫m was acquired at 3 to 3.6 years and rs, rm, rf, rg, rd, rx, tr were appeared between 3.7 to 4 years. Results indicated that age of acquisition was started around 2.5. Considering the sequence of acquired clusters, it was revealed that clusters were developed in parallel with consonant development. In other words, consonant clusters containing stop and nasal consonant are acquired before other clusters.

This study investigated the relationship between plantar longitudinal arches and some selected motor parameters in children aging 11 to 14 years. In this descriptive-correlative study, 211 middle-school students were first randomly sampled and then assigned to three groups of pes planus (58 subjects), natural (106 subjects) and Pes cavus (47 subjects) on the basis of the amount of scaphoid bone loss. Measurement tools included a mirror box, a foot print and navicular drop test for foot abnormalities. Motor parameters were measured via standardized tests. Data were statistically analyzed through Spearman rank correlation analysis, discriminant analysis, analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS 15 software and at the significance level of 0.05. The results showed that, with the exception of balance, there was no significant correlation between any parameters of motor abilities and pes planus and pes cavus. In addition, no significant differences between groups were found with regard to motor abilities except for balance. It can be said that there is no significant relationship between any of motor skills and abilities investigated in this study (except for balance) and plantar longitudinal arch.