جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تکامل کودک » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In recent years, the infant development and assessment programs have received attention by the health system of Iran. In this regard, the training of examiners for performing the Bayley tests has become one of the needs of the health system. This study aims to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Bayley-III examiner clinical performance scale.

this study, participants were Bayley-III test examiners from medical universities in Iran, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. First, in focused group discussion sessions with 10 Bayley-III test experts, the items of instrument were formulated. Then, to evaluate the face validity, the questionnaire was sent to a panel of expert consisting of 8 Bayley-III experts and examiners and they were asked to rate the items from 1 to 5 in terms of importance. The items with an impact score of less than 1.5 were deleted, and other items were revised, if needed. To evaluate content validity, the questionnaire was sent to 10 Bayley-III test experts, and then the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were measured. The items with CVR <0.6 and CVI <0.7 were deleted. The reliability of the instrument was assessed by calculating the inter-rater reliability, test re-test reliability, and internal consistency. Quantitative data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 22.

The instrument with 66 items, including 32 items for the cognitive domain, 22 items for the language domain (13 for receptive and 9 for expressive components), 12 items for the motor domain (9 for fine and 3 for gross motor skills), and 14 items for the general section, was assessed in stability and reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the test re-test reliability was obtained 0.83 for the specific section and 0.86 for the general section. The ICC for the inter-rater reliability was 0.80 (95% CI: 58-82). The highest correlation value was related to the cognitive scale (0.88), and the lowest value was for the gross motor skill subscale (0.76). The kappa coefficient for the inter-rater reliability of the general section was above 0.7. The kappa coefficient for the specific section ranged from 1 to 0.35. The Cronbach’s α for the internal consistency of the general section was 0.76. 

The designed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the clinical performance of Bayley-III test examiners in Iran.

Developmental delay in preterm infants was estimated to be more common than term infants. Identifying the factors predisposing to developmental delay can help experts and health professionals in this field to prevent developmental delay of the infants, and leads to better management of the condition of them. This study aimed to evaluate and investigate the predisposing factors of developmental delay in preterm infants in the first year of their lives.

In this analytical cross-sectional study, 87 preterm infants were enrolled in the study by convenience sampling during the period of April 2016 to the end of March 2017 from two educational hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Imam Hussein hospital and Mahdiyeh hospital). Demographic and other initial data such as age, sex, gestational age, and the data about clinical problems observed at birth were collected through infantschr('39') medical records and were recorded in a special form for each infant. Also, the ASQ test was used to assess infantschr('39') developmental status at one year of age.

Based on the findings, 23 infants (26.4%) had the abnormal developmental condition at the end of one year. There was a significant relationship between infantschr('39') developmental status and their age, birth height, one-year-old weight, one-year-old height, duration of ventilator use, Apgar scores at first and twentieth minutes, seizures, reflex reduction, pneumonia, breastfeeding status in the first year of life, Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), receiving occupational therapy services, and electrocardiogram (ECG) findings at one year of age. Among these variables, only breastfeeding status in the first year of life was able to predict infantschr('39') developmental status at the end of one year (OR=0.18).

This study showed that the risk of developmental delay in preterm infants who are breastfed in the first year of life or fed the combination of breast milk and supplemental feeding is one-fifth lower than other preterm infants who were not breastfed.

Early childhood development is one of the priority areas of social determinants of health. A wide range of factors influence a childchr('39')s development. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with developmental delay in children under 5 years.

This study was a case-control study that conducted from April to August 2019 in Hamadan city. 462 children under 5 years and their mothers participated (231 children that have a developmental delay in the case group and 231 healthy children in the control group). The risk factors assessed were demographic characteristics, mothers’ awareness, and childhood developmental care. The data analysis were performed using Logistic Regression by Stata11 software and a significant level of 5% was considered.

The results showed that there were statistically significant relation between the developmental delay with mothers’ age (OR=1.04, 95%CI:1.00-1.08), history of child hospitalization (OR=2.57, 95%CI:1.63-4.05), tobacco use by parents (OR=2.09, 95%CI:1.20-3.64), and mothers’ awareness (OR=0.44, 95%CI:-0.25-0.82).

Mothers with children under 5 years need to be educated on various aspects of development and caregiving behaviors that protect their children from developmental delays, and the Identify these factors can help planners to reduce developmental delays and their effects.

Because of the need for more and different follow-ups in developmental delayed children, determining the effective factors, one of which is the mother's age during pregnancy, is important in any community. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal age and developmental status of infants. This case-control study was performed on a multistage sampling method to examine the demographic characteristics and development of 6-18 months old infants who referred to comprehensive health centers (Qazvin, Iran) in 2017. Two hundred participants were evaluated in two groups of 100 subjects (with developmental delay) and control (normal development). The developmental status was measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) that have been standardized in Iran and have national cutting points. Notably, there were significant relations between mean maternal (P = 0.000) and father (P = 0.001) age with developmental status. Also, there was a significant relationship between developmental delay in the area of the communication (P = 0.000) and problem-solving (P = 0.008) with maternal age. However, there was no significant difference between maternal (P = 0.43) and paternal educational level (P = 0.34) with development status. Growth and development of children, especially development, is of particular importance. Given the relationship between maternal ages at pregnancy with developmental delay in this study, informing parents in this field can be effective in preventing the developmental delay.

Over the past decades, the growing awareness of spirituality has increasingly raised the interest of clinical professionals to work in this area. An issue that has not been properly addressed is the importance of understanding spirituality in childhood.The aim of this study was to obtain an accurate understanding of spiritual development of children and its application in the field of health This integrated review was performed using Broome method. Databases of SID, IranMedex, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, Science direct and ProQuest were used to find related articles. About 984 extracted studies and finally 30 studies were used. Fowler has introduced the stage of faith development. In his theory, faith stages are: intuitive-projective, mythic-literal, synthetic-conventional, individuative-reflective, conjunctive faith and universalizing faith. Results obtained by Coles have been indicative of a natural tendency toward spirituality, which originates from the innate sense of curiosity and fascination of discovering the world. Therefore, this type of tendency is observed from the early stages of life. Theory of “relational consciousness” is proposed by Hay and Nye, according to which all children have innate spirituality. It’s developed capacity for awareness toward relationship with self, others, the world and a greater power. From the mentioned study, three spiritual sensitivity or consciousness were obtained, including feeling of alertness and awareness, a sense of mystery and sense of value. Bradford introduced the fourth branch of spiritual sensitivity to be the social dimension. Gardner was the first scholar who presented the theory of multiple intelligences and introduced spirituality as intelligence. Zohar and Marshall explained that spiritual showing the most appropriate path. Intelligence can give deeper meanings to life of people by showing the most appropriate path. Growing results of researches shows that spirituality has a significant impact on human physical, psychological and mental health. Despite the fact that the theory of Fowler, in which neurological development processes including cognitive knowledge and logical thinking are the main focus of concepts of spirituality in the science of medicine, review of other studies have demonstrated that new perspectives can be used to understand the spirituality of children and have more effects in Providing child health.

Developmental and behavioral disorders are the most prevalent problems in children after infection and trauma. Growth and development are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors that incept of the early life of the fetal and neonatal periods. Due to the importance of the development in children, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between growth indices at birth and developmental status in infancy.
This case-control study investigated 6 to 18 months old infants, who referred to comprehensive health centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from August to December 2017. The sample size in this study was 200 infants and the participants were evaluated in two groups of 100 subjects (developmental delay and normal development). Anthropometric indices at birth were collected from healthcare records, and developmental status was measured using the ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ). The developmental status of the children was measured in five domains, i.e., motor (gross and fine motor skills), problem-solving, personal-social skills and communication. A significance level was considered statistically The mean age of the infants in the developmental delay group was 12.63±1.72 months and the mean age of the infants in control group was 12.68±1.69 months and 45.6% of children in the developmental delay group were female and 54.4% of children in the developmental delay group were male. The most prevalence developmental delay in case group was in the area of personal-social domain (26.9%) and the lowest prevalence developmental delay in the area of the gross motor (12.7%). No correlation was found between head circumference (P= 0.32) and height at birth (P= 0.11) and developmental status. However, there was a significant relationship between developmental delay in the area of the communication (P= 0.04) and gross motor (P= 0.02) with birth weight. Pearson correlation indicate a correlation between developmental delay in the area of the gross motor and birth weight (P= 0.01).
It seems that birth weight was a factor that is associated with developmental delay. In this study low birth weight correlated with developmental delay in communication and gross motor aspects of ASQ.

For diagnosing children who are suspected to have developmental delay through developmental screening tests, we need a valid and reliable diagnostic tool. The Bayley scales is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment on cognitive, communication and motor domains. The aim of this study was validity and reliability determination of the Bayley test.
The method of this study was descriptive-analytic. The test was provided through translation- back translation and cultural adaptation. Content and face validity of tool was determined by experts’ opinions. 260 children aged 1 to 42 months were recruited for developmental assessment by Bayley. Reliability of test was calculated through three methods; internal consistency, test-retest and inter-rater. Construct validity was calculated using factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores methods.
Participants were 260 children 15 days to 42 months, including 134 boys (51.5%). Cranach’s alpha coefficients were more than 0.76 for all domains. Pearson correlation coefficient in different domains, were at least 0.987 (P These results indicated that the Bayley is a valid and reliable tool for developmental assessment in Persian children.

Child's optimal and healthy growth in all aspects is indebted to effective relation between parents and child. The quality of this relationship is very important for child's growth and development. Mother's depression can disturb effective child bearing and harm children's growth. The more sever is the depression and the more innumerous are stressors, the more damaged happens to the parent- child relationship. This study is performed to determine the correlation between mother's depression with gross motor and fine motor delay in one year old children. In this cross sectional study, we have chosen and investigated 300 mothers with one year old children that covered by Hamedan urban health centers, using cluster sampling. Data were collected using Beck depression inventory to distinguish mother's depression and Ages and Stages Questionnaire to screen developmental delay in one year children. To determine the correlation between independent and dependent variables, we employed chi square test. Data were analyzed using spss statistical software. Average age of mothers was 29.68±5.6 years with a total of 33.7% having low education (less than 12 years), 32% were diploma and 34.7% had academic education. Prevalence of severe and very severe depression among mothers were 20.8%. There was no correlation between mother’s depression and mother's age with fine and gross motor delay (P>0.05), however, the correlation between gross motor delay and economic situation was significant (P=0.003). There was no significant correlation between mother's depression and child's gross and fine motor delay. Furthermore, the only effective demographic factor was the economic situation of family. This means that gross motor delay was more probable in low socio-economic families.

Given the importance of mothers’ health and considering that developmental delay in children affects their mothers’ mental health this study aimed to compare stress and perceived social support in mothers of 6-18 month old children with and without developmental delay.Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional, analytical study was performed on 610 mothers and their 6-18 month-old infants in health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected through the multi-stage random sampling. To collect data, the following questionnaires were used: obstetric and demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, infants’ characteristics, the Cohen perceived stress scale, perceived social support, and Ages and Stages questionnaire to determine the children’s development status. The data were analyzed by SPSS v.19 software and using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, chi-square, independent t-test and Man-Whitney statistical tests.

The mean age of infants were 10.68±4.5 months. Independent t-test revealed a significant difference between mothers’ perceived stress (P=0.004) and social support (P=0.01) in the two groups. In addition, a relationship was observed between the mother’s social support and stress (P<0.04).

The results showed that mothers of children with developmental delays have more stress and lower perceived social support than mothers of normal children. Therefore, it is recommended to perform developmental screening for further examination and the reduction of mothers’ stress, as well as to provide appropriate social support.