جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حوادث خانگی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Home accidents means accidents that happen in the house or its surroundings, and are the main cause of death and disability of children. Risk assessment is an organized method to identify, predict and reduce risk to an acceptable level. Therefore, our goal in this study is to identify and evaluate domestic hazards in the homes of Yazd city for children under seven years old.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 322 home accidents were identified in a cluster method from different areas of Yazd city. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were measured by experts (α=0.764). After completing the questionnaires, the collected data were entered into SPSS software version 20 and were analyzed by descriptive tests, ANOVA and T-TEST in confidence level of 95%

The most injuries caused by hazards are cuts, bone fractures/dislocations and contusion with a frequency of 17%, 14.8%, and 9.6%, respectively. The highest risk assessment code belongs to minor risks with a frequency of 39.76%, and the lowest frequency is for critical risks (3.17%). There was a significant relationship between most of the risks in homes with the areas of Yazd city and the type of building (p-value<0.05).

This study shows the importance of using from the risk assessment code method, which can be used to identify and determine the relative risk of hazards for each part of the house and provide prevention solutions based on priority. Also, by using appropriate training and policies to monitor compliance and full implementation of legal requirements in construction, home accidents and the resulting complications have been reduced, and safety culture and quality of life of families have been improved.

 Children under the age of five are the most vulnerable group in terms of domestic accidents, most accidents occur among children at home. The aim of this study was to determine the attitude and practice of mothers with children under five years of age covered by Bushehr Comprehensive Health Service Centers "on preventive behaviors" from home accidents and its relationship with home accident care.

In this cross-sectional comparative study, 122 mothers with children under 5 years of age (with and without the occurrence of domestic accidents) participated in which two-stage clusters were randomly selected. The data collection tool is a standard questionnaire on Zahedinia's attitude and practice in relation to domestic accidents.  

There was no significant difference between the scores of attitude in the two groups of mothers with and without events, but the performance score of these mothers was significantly different and the chance of occurrence decreased with increasing performance (P = 0.037) while the rate of attitude Awareness did not have a significant effect on the incident (P <0.05)

The results of this study show that mothers' performance has a significant effect on reducing accidents. Incorporating educational programs to improve mothers' performance skills on home accident prevention behaviors can be an effective step in reducing the occurrence of accidents and their physical effects on children.

Background &

Accidents are a chain of events that lead to damage and detectable disease. Although some consider home to be the safest place, about a third of incidents occur at home. One of the high-risk groups in domestic accidents is toddlers. Physiological patterns associated with the developmental stages of toddlers make this group susceptible to such events, so that accidents are the main cause of death in the first five years of children's lives worldwide. Health education programs can empower parents to prevent domestic accidents. On the other hand, the effectiveness of health education programs is mostly dependent on having accurate information about mothers' awareness, attitude, and practice. Considering that more evidence is needed to take necessary measures to implement related interventions, this study aimed to determine the factors related to awareness, attitude, and practice of mothers of toddlers in preventing domestic accidents.

This was a descriptive correlational study conducted on 280 mothers with toddlers referred to community health centers from April to September 2019. In this study, multistage cluster sampling method was used to collect data. Each area of the north and south regions of Hamadan city was considered as a cluster and two comprehensive health centers were selected from each cluster through simple random method and among the selected comprehensive health centers, mothers were selected through convenience sampling method and based on inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were living in Hamadan city, having at least one toddler, not having a toddler with incurable diseases, and not being pregnant. Also, exclusion criteria included reluctance to continue participation in the study despite the initial agreement. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaires, history of injury, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on awareness, attitude, and practice in preventing domestic accidents that were completed by the samples. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, qualitative content validity was used, and test-retest was used to check the reliability of the instruments. After writing the proposal and approving the plan, the researcher referred to the comprehensive health centers of Hamadan city and identified the mothers of toddlers with inclusion criteria and invited them by telephone or with the help of the staff to participate in the project. All mothers were given the necessary explanations about the objectives, procedure, and duration of the study (6 months), and written informed consent was obtained from them. At the beginning of the study, the subjects were given the data collection tools and the self-assertion questionnaires were completed. In order to provide a calm environment for answering questions, mothers (as representatives of parents) were asked to leave their children to their companions before receiving clinic services (vaccination, and growth monitoring) and answer questions in the educational class of the relevant centers. After completing the questionnaires, data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to ensure normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis to determine the relationship between qualitative demographic variables and awareness, attitude towards behavior and practice, and Spearman correlation test to determine the relationship between quantitative demographic variables with awareness, attitude towards behavior and practice in SPSS 16 software.

According to the results, (44.6%) of the mothers of toddlers had a university education and (72.8%) of the mothers were housewives. Also, (58.3%) of toddlers were girls and (46.7%) of parents kept their children in kindergarten. Mean scores of awareness with a value of 18.1 ± 1.5 was the highest point obtained by mothers (good), mean scores of mothers' attitudes with a value of 18.8 ± 4.6 regarding the adoption of preventive behaviors were regarded as weak, and the mean score of practice with a value of 24.3 ± 10.1 was regarded as good. Also, a positive significant relationship was observed between the age of the toddler and the level of awareness, between the family dimension and the number of children, and between the age of the toddler with the mother's attitude towards behavior, between maternal education and awareness and practice, between father's education with awareness, attitude and practice, between father's employment status with awareness and attitude, between mother's employment status with awareness, and between childcare status with attitude (P <0.05). Among the total number of people surveyed, 15 toddlers were injured in the accident. Burning, poisoning, asphyxia, and drowning were respectively the accidents occurring in the children with a history of injury. (72%) of these cases had resulted in temporary disability and 13 victims were girls. All reported cases had occurred in the age group of one to one and half-year-old toddlers.

Considering the poor average scores in attitude and practice of mothers and also considering the important role of education in promoting preventive behaviors of accidents, it is necessary to educate mothers more in order to improve their awareness, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention of children's accidents. Also, the findings of this study and similar researches in this field can be a guideline for planners and authorities to use the present findings to perform interventions to improve the awareness, attitude, and practice of mothers about the prevention of domestic accidents in toddlers.