جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "دی متیل فتالات" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Background and Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a group of organic compounds that are used as additives in plastic industry. Among PAEs, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), the simplest compound in phthalates, is an aromatic pollutant that disturbs endocrine function. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) on the DMP degradation.
NZVI were prepared by reduction of ferric chloride using sodium borohydride. Physical properties of nanoparticles were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Then, the effect of pH, DMP concentrations, the amount of NZVI, and contact time were investigated on DMP removal efficiency. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken was used to study the interaction between variables.
Maximum efficiency (99%) of DMP removal by NZVI was achieved in optimum conditions (pH=3, NZVI dosage =0.6 g/l, DMP concentration = 2 mg/l, and contact time= 65 min). The Box-Behnken analysis confirmed that pH and NZVI dosage have had the highest and lowest effect in the process of DMP removal by NZVI, respectively.
According to findings, NZVI in small amounts have a proper efficiency in DMP removal. Also, DMP degradation efficiency did not change much, after being used in five consecutive cycles of degradation reactions. This shows a potential application prospect of the synthesized NZVI in real water treatment.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most widely used containers in both the packaging and food industries. Despite having convenient features, components of the PET polymer structure may migrate into food, and the accumulation of PET in the human body may cause health problems.
Material and 27 samples of rose water with 1 liter volume were collected from one of the factories of Fars Province, Iran. Levels of monomer migration were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with three repetitions at 4, 25 and 42 °C temperatures and at 2-day, 2-week and 2-month timings using the air assisted liquid liquid micro-extraction method.
On the second day, with an increase of temperature from 4˚C to 25˚C, the migrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and di-butyl phthalate (DBP) increased from 14.76 to 24.55 ppb and 131.9 to 149.6 ppb, respectively. When increasing the temperature further to 42 °C, the migration levels increased 8.9 and 29.4 ppb, respectively. Finally, at the end of the second month, migration of DMP and DBP at 4, 25 and 42 °C reached 38.6, 67.8 and 83.05 ppb & 173.7, 181.1 and 268.7 ppb, respectively.
PET containers are not suitable for storing distillates. Additionally, measuring migration in glass containers has demonstrated that the plastic reservoirs, in which distillates are stored are important factors in monomer migration. Therefore, in order to raise public health levels, it is recommended that alternative reservoirs made of glass and stainless steel be used.

Background and Stability and sustainable [s1] of emerging synthetic compounds such as Dimethyl phthalate lead to increasing their concentrations in environment and food chain and health risks. Therefore, researchers are concern to achieve effective and efficient methods for removal these pollutions. This aim of this study was to evaluation of the efficiency of heterognous Fenton using Zero-valent iron nanoparticles in dimethylphthalate removal from aqueous solutions.
This experimental study was conducted in laboratory scale in batch reactor. The effects of operational parameters such as reaction time (15 to 120 min), pH (2 to10), H2O2 concentrations (0.01 to 1 mmol/L), nZVI dose (0.01 to 0.5 mg/L) and initial concentrations of Dimethyl phthalate (2 – 50 mg /L) determined by one at a time method. Then effect of each heterogeneous Fenton regent was determined in dimethyl phthalate removal.
The results showed that maximum efficiency of heterognous Fenton process in dimethylphthalate removal occur at pH=4. Also at H2O2 concentration 0.1 mmol/L, nZVI dose 0.05 g/L, Dimethyl phthalate concentration 2 mg/L and reaction time 120 minute, amount of Dimethyl phthalate removal was 92.8%.
According to the results, nZVI- heterognous Fenton process has appropriate efficiency in Dimethyl phthalate removal from aquatic solutions and can be assumed as an effective and applied method for removal similar compounds from industrial wastewater.

The chemical industries develepment causes discharge of synthetic chemical compounds such as organic esters and plasticizers into the environment. Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are refractory, hazardous, and emerging compounds that they produce dysfunction in hormones and endocrine, reproductive problems and cancer. Also this compounds enter into the environment through industrial effluent and causing environmental problems. The purpose of this study was evaluating the the application of UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2 for DMP removal from aqueous solution.
In the present study, effects of variables including, pH, persulfate concentration, Fe2 concentration and time were studied as laboratory scale in batch method. Residual concentrations of DMP were determined by HPLC at 254 nm. The impacts of in dependent parameters on DMP removal percent were evaluated with Multi simplex and the response level(box Behnken method).
In this study, pH = 11, persulfate concentration of 0.51 Mmol/L, Fe2 concentration 0.08 Mmol/L for 90 minutes, as conditions were optimized. The results showed that the DMP removal by UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2 process follows first order reaction.
The obtained results showed that UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2 process for removing DMP from aquatic environments, has high efficiency (98% removal under optimal conditions). According to the results of study, the UV/ Na2S2O8 / Fe2 can be used as an effective method for removing DMP from the chemical industries.

Background and Stability of new synthetic compounds such as Dimethyl phthalate increased their concentration in the environment and food chain and caused health risks. Therefore, achieve effective and efficient methods to removal of pollutants are one of the environmental researchers concern. This study investigates efficiency of heterognous Fenton process using nZVI in dimethylphthalate removal from aqueous solutions.
This experimental study was conducted in batch reactor in laboratory scale and the efficiency of heterognous Fenton process was analyzed in a batch system with the effect of changes in operating parameters such as reaction time (15 to 120 min), pH (2 to10), H2O2 concentration (0.01 to 1 mmol/L), nZVI dose (0.01 to 0.5 mg/L) and initial concentration of Dimethyl phthalate (2 – 50 mg /L). Then the effect of each heterogeneous Fenton regent in dimethyl phthalateremoval was determined.
The results showed that the maximum efficiency of heterognous Fenton process in removal of Dimethyl phthalate is at pH=4. Also in optimal conditions, the parameters affecting reaction was determined as H2O2 concentration 0.1 mmol/L, nZVI dose 0.05 gr/L, Dimethyl phthalate concentration 2 mg/L and 120 minute, amount of Dimethyl phthalate removal was 92.8%.
According to the results, heterognous Fenton process using nZVI has an optimal efficiency in removal of Dimethyl phthalate from aquatic solutions and can be considered as an acceptable and low Cost method for the removal of similar compounds.

The high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an inexpensive, fast and easy method in comparison with other material analysis methods. Gas chromatography (GC) method usually is used to analysis repellents. In this study HPTLC is used to simultaneous quantitative and qualitative determination of diethyl meta-toluamide (DEET) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP), which are the main elements and active ingredients in current chemical repellents. Some defined amounts of commercial form of 3 repellents included trench pomade, Stick Insect Repellent (SIR), which is containing 33% of DEET and DMP60 (dimethyl phthalate 60%) which were dissolved in ethyl acetate solvent, separately. The method employed TLC aluminum plate precoated with silica gel plates (SiO4) 60F245 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of benzene-diethyl ether-hexane (5:3:2, v/v/v) as mobile phase. The multiple level methods used for spotting. Densitometric analysis of repellents was carried out with used of TLC scanner 3 and CATS Software in the absorption / reflection mode at 230 nm. According to the results, the type and amount of active ingredients in DMP60 lotion is 61.8 g (SE=±1.6) per 100 cc of dimethyl phthalate and in SIR, 31.3g (SE= ±0.8) of diethyl meta-toluamide per 100 g. Also the active ingredients in trench pomade were determined as a combination of DMP and DEET by rates of 5.5g (SE= ±0.2) and 25g (SE= ±1) per 100 cc of the repellent, respectively. In this study, the value of Rf for DMP and DEET was calculated 0.71±0.02 and 0.32±0.02, respectively. HPTLC is a suitable method to quantitatively and quantitatively determine repellents which have DMP and DEET active ingredients. Since most of commercial chemical repellents have this active ingredient, Adjusting and setting HPTLC up can be important.

Background and Mosquito control and personal protection from mosquito bites is currently one of the most important measures to control mosquito born diseases. The use of repellents is an obvious practical and economical means of preventing the transmission of these diseases to human. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is one of the safest repellents, which is used alone or in combination with other repellents. This study evaluated DMP lotion, which synthesied and formulated in Iran, and Trench ointment for protection time (PT) and failure time (FT) against Culex pipiens (complex), under laboratory condition. Tests were conducted on human subjects to determine the repellent protection time and failure time (FT) by screen cage method induced by Iranian and foreign dimethyl phthalate (DMP) lotion and Trench ointment. Our results indicated that PT of Iranian DMP against Cx. pipiens was 299 min (SE= ± 7.03), which was not significantly different from two other repellents. There were significant differences in FT among three repellents. The FT of Iranian DMP was significantly less than two other repellents. PT and FT of trench ointment against Cx. pipiens (complex) was 5.5 and 8 hour, respectively. Iranian DMP lotion is comparable with foreign DMP lotion, but the formulation needs improvement to increase its repellent FT. Iranian DMP lotion must be evaluated under field condition, before usage in large scale.

The most common mosquito repellent formulations available on the market contain deet (N, Ndiethyl-m-toluamide), which has shown good repellency against biting insects. Although effectiveness, deet is not the ideal product, as allergic and toxic effects have been documented. To avoid these adverse effects, research on repellents derived from plant extracts and some other chemical repellents, to replace deet. The repellent dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is again attended due to its safety to human. This study investigates the repellency and effective dosage of DMP, which is synthesized and formulated in Iran, comparing with Germany dimethyl phthalate against Anopheles stephensi and Culexpipiens using human bait methods. Two repellents includes Iranian and Merck dimethyl phthalate (DMP) were evaluated against Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens, using American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standard procedure, a free choice method based on the variable dose-fixed time. Also a modified of ASTM method we used for determination of effective dosages of the repellents. In laboratory repellent test, dimethyl phthalate was evaluated against An. stephensi and Cx. pipeins when applied to human skin. The experiments with two models of cages conducted twice on each of the four human volunteers (4 males). In ASTM method there were no significant differences between the two repellents (Iranian and Merck’s DMP) as indicated by the ED50 and ED95 values (P>O.05). But, there were significant differences in repellent sensitivity between An. stephensi and Cx. pipiens at the ED95 level. In modified ASTM method there were no significant differences between the two repellents against An. stephensi, as indicated by the ED50 values (P>O.05). But, there are significant differences between the two repellents against Cx. pipiens based on ED50 value. Disclussion: Results of this study showed that the Iranian synthesized DMP has necessary potential and specificity to compare with Merck manufactured product. With both methods relative difference of effective dose of different repellents can be indicated, but standard method is better than modified method. Based on the result of our study, An.stephensi was distinguished as ideal species for repellents test in the laboratory.