جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سهم منتسب جمعیتی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in many countries in the world, including Iran. High blood pressure is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to estimate the deaths from cardiovascular diseases and all cause attributed to high blood pressure in West Azarbaijan province. In this study, the required data about the prevalence of hypertension was obtained from a national study on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in Iranian adults. The corresponding effect size for death from ischemic heart diseases, stroke and all-cause mortality were obtained from the results of a study on the data of Golestan cohort study. Data on the number of deaths by sex and the cause of death were obtained from the Death Registration System of the West Azerbaijan province. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 27% of deaths in the 25-64 years age group. The population attributable fractions of hypertension for death from ischemic heart disease, stroke and all cause death for men were 14.4%, 26.1% and 6.4%, respectively. In women they were 18.6%, 32.4% and 8.1%, respectively. The number of deaths attributed to the hypertension for aforementioned causes in men was 46, 30 and 154, respectively. In women they were 29, 28 and 120, respectively. Blood pressure has a significant contribution in death from cardiovascular diseases, especially stroke. It emphasize on the importance of programs for controlling and preventing hypertension to reduce its associated deaths in the province as one of the priorities of health programs.

  Human errors are the most important factors for RTIs, which have been addressed in few quantitative studies. The objective of this study was to calculate the annual population attributable fraction (PAF) of the most important human risk factor for RTIs in the streets and highways of the Great Tehran.

In this study, the data of 124518 individuals registered in the COM114 form of the Police Information and Communication Technology (ICT- FAVA) data system of the country were employed in 2014. A regression model was applied to estimate the magnitude of the impact of traffic violations of drivers with RTIs using the adjusted relative risk ratio. To estimate the PAF, the prevalence and effect size were calculated based on the risk ratio (RR) using the baseline method or the Miettinen formula.

The PAF of driving in reverse gear and failure to observe safe distance was 1.98% and 1.93%, respectively. Driving in the reverse gear and failure to observe the safe distance increased RTIs by 22% and 23%, respectively. On the highways of the Great Tehran, the largest proportion of PAF was related to driving in reverse gear (1.96%), sudden movement of the car (1.90%), speeding (1.87%). Speeding increased the risk of RTIs by 23%.

Monitoring traffic violations can decrease road crashes by 10% in the streets. Moreover, on highways, use of strategies to prevent traffic violations can decrease RTIs by up to 15%.

As cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of disability and early death around the world and they increase the cost of health care, the prevention of these kinds of disease, is very important Since Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) is one of the most important indicators in public health, it is closely related to epidemiology and measures the effects and the contribution of risk factors in public health and also helps to assess the potential impact on public health and preventive interventions. This index as a combination of the associated risk factors and frequency of exposure, provide estimation of the relationship between risk factors and disease in the community.
Method and Materials: This survey is a review study which is done by searching in scientific resources such as Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, SID and Science Direct. In this study, related keywords were identified and chosen from existing keywords in MESH and it was limited by published year that is from 2005 to 2015.
Cardiovascular disease is a disease with multiple causes which is studied in the articles for several important factors. After reviewing the results of the literature, it is found that factors such as age over 65 years (20-35%), hypertension (10-60%), smoking (10-40%), high cholesterol (5-45%), overweight (3-50%) and diabetes (3-15%) has the most effects in the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Given that the incidence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is multifactorial, it seems necessary to determine contribution of each factor in causing the disease, for prioritizing and preventive interventions. Although PAF is based on theory, it is a fully functional index for prioritizing preventive and therapeutic interventions. For the prevention of cardiovascular disease stronger actions on screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, factors associated with hyperlipidemia, obesity, overweight and diabetes are needed. So that by controlling these factors, the risk of cardiovascular diseases can greatly be reduced.

In the chain of vehicles, human and environment, the human factors are the most complex element in the causes of road traffic injuries (RTIs). Unauthorized speeding and overtaking are considered as the main human factors resulting RTIs. This study estimated the population attributablefraction of two human factors, the most common risk factors of rural roads, of RTIs. To calculate the population attributable risk, the prevalence of unauthorized speeding and overtaking registered in Police data was employed. Effect size related to odds ratio was employed using Logistic regression. Joint effect of related risk factors also calculated and reported. Dasta were taken from national traffic police using the KAM 114 froms. The percentage of population attributable risk of unauthorized speeding for deaths at crash scene was 20.9 and for injured cases was 16.6. These values were 13.5 and 13.4 for unauthorized overtaking respectively. Corresponding for joint effects the population attributable risk was 31.6 for deaths and 27.8 for injuries. The results illustrate the importance of speed control and unauthorized overtaking as a priority of RTIs in Iran. It is recommended that related laws and legislations should be pursued more seriously, and followed by more effectively.