جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیستم کولینرژیک » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The leaves of the Aloe Vera plant (yellow aloe) have long been used in medicine and nutrition by various communities. Some physiological effects of this plant have long been used to treat some gastrointestinal disorders such as gastric ulcer and gastric acid return to the esophagus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Aloe Vera leaf on the movements of the isolated colon of male rats and its interaction with cholinergic, adrenergic and nitric oxide systems.

In the present study conducted in 2016, 25 rats were included in the study. 20 mature male rats of Wistar race with the average weight between 180 to 250 grams and three months of age were randomly chosen. The mice were kept in light controlled conditions (12 hours cycle of lightness and darkness) and temperature of 22±2 degrees Celsius and enough food and water for one week. Adult male rats were anesthetized by ethyl ether, their colon tissue (ascending) separated and divided into 1 cm segments. The parts were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bath with oxygenated thyrod solution (37 ° C, pH = 7.4). The mechanical activity of their colon was recorded by force isotonic transducer  and Power Lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of acetylcholine10-6 M , atropine1.7×  10-3 M, epinephrine 10-6 M, propranolol 10-6 M and L-NAME10-4  M in the presence and absence of the extract. The collected data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test and considering p≤0.05 as a significant level. (P≤0.05 ).

Tissue mechanical activity in the presence of extract was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Furthermore, a significant decrease in tissue mechanical activity was observed in the presence of combined extract and propranolol compared with the control group, but a significant difference in the presence of acetylcholine, atropine, epinephrine, nitric oxide synthetize inhibitor (L-NAME) and the extract in comparison with the control group was not observed (p≤0.05).

The present study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of aloe vera leaf had a modulating effect on colonic movements, which may be related to the cholinergic and nitrogenous systems and is independent of the adrenergic system.

 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) rhizome has been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal disease. In the present study, the effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome on mechanical activity of isolated ileum of male rats has been studied.

The hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice rhizome prepared by percolation method. Adult male rats were anesthetized by ethyl ether, their abdomen was opened, the ileum dissected and divided into 1 cm segments. The segments were connected to a force transducer longitudinally and inserted to an organ bath with oxygenated Tyrode’s solution (37°C, pH 7.4). The mechanical activity of ileum was recorded by force isotonic transducer and Power Lab AD instrument in basal condition, and after administration of acetylcholine10-5 M, phenylephrine 2×10-5 M, Isoproterenol 10-4 M and propranolol 10-4 M in the presence and absence of  the extract.

A significant decrease in mechanical activity of the isolated ileum occurred after administration of the extract alone, or the extract along with acetylcholine. However, mechanical activity did not changed when the extract was administered with phenylephrine, with isoproterenol, or with propranolol.

The hydro-alcoholic extract of licorice modulates ileum motility. It seems that the cholinergic system but not the adrenergic system might be involved in this effect.

In the recent years, increasing rate of using electronic devices which generate electromagnetic fields, has caused researchers, attention to the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF) on the Cholinergic system in the small intestine of rat.
A total of 21 Adult male rats were divided into three groups: experimental group which were exposed to ELF (50Hz, 1mT) for 75 days, the sham-operated group, which were kept in similar conditions, but with Off solenoid; and the control group, which were kept in normal conditions. The isolated strips of the colon were inserted into organ bath and were linked to power lab A to D system force transducer and their mechanical activity were recorded in response to different doses of acetyl choline. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA test.
The relaxation of ileum in response to the acetyl choline (10-6 M) at different times and after deducting the basic tension showed a significant decrease (p?0.05) in the experimental group as compared to the sham and control groups. While, the relaxation of ileum in response to the other dozes of acetyl choline (10-5 M) in the experimental group showed no significant difference as compared to sham and control groups.
It can be concluded that prolonged exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields might cause decreasing of the cholinergic receptors sensitivity.

It is well known that involvement of muscarinic cholinergic and beta noradrenergic systems in process of the memory formation. But، up to now interaction of these systems in the CA1 region of hippocampus is not studied in memory formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of muscarinic and? 1-adrenergic receptors in the CA1 on memory retrieval. In this experimental research، 77 Wistar adult male rats (200-250 g) were used. Animals (in 11 groups) cannulated for CA1 region with stereotaxic surgery and trained in step-through apparatus: saline group (1µl/rat)، pilocarpine groups (0. 5، 1، 2 µg/rat)، betaxolol groups (0. 25، 0. 5، 1 µg/rat)، other four groups included saline/saline، pilocarpine2/saline، pilocarpine2/ betaxolol 0. 25، pilocarpine2/ betaxolol 0. 5. Drugs injected as intra-CA1 after training and memory tested after 24 hours. The latencies to enter and times spent in dark compartment of apparatus were recording for the evaluation of memory retrieval. Injection of 2 µg/rat of pilocarpine، a muscarinic receptor agonist، increased the latencies to enter dark compartment (291. 4±5. 6sec) and decreased the times spent in this compartment (8. 6±5. 5sec، p<0. 05). This effect was reversed by the ineffective low doses of betaxolol (0. 25 and 0. 5)، a? 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist، (p<0. 01 and p<0. 001 respectively). The latencies to enter dark compartment was 122±47. 3 and 62±10. 6 sec. Also، the times spent in this compartment was134. 6±35. 4 and 192±23. 2sec respectively. It is suggested that enhancement of the inhibitory avoidance memory retrieval، induced by activation of muscarinic cholinergic system of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region، may be mediated via? 1-adrenergic receptors related mechanisms.