جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سیکلوسپورین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Venom of Mesobuthus in the family buthidae can result in death in humans according to the performed studies. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that due to anti-inflammatory properties of cyclosporine in organ transplantation through suppression of the immune system and inflammation, it could counteract venom effect. Therefore, in this study, the effect of cyclosporine on Mesobuthus eupeus venom was evaluated.

This was an experimental study. For this purpose, fifty mice were classified into five groups, each group consisting of ten mice. Mesobuthus venom and cyclosporine were used at three doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg. In this study, the mice which did not receive cyclosporine were considered as control group. Biochemical features plus nitric oxide and IL-2 cytokine were measured in all groups using routine methods (i.e. spectrophotometer and ELISA assay, respectively). Also, pathological examination of liver and kidney was performed.

All the studied biochemical and IL-2 levels were significantly elevated after mesobuthus venom injection On the other hand, groups which received cyclosporine showed a significant decrease in all the studied parameters (P<0.001).

Cyclosporine at a dose of 30 mg is able to decrease inflammatory responses and it could be a suitable therapeutic drug in patients who are bitten by scorpion sting

This study was performed to evaluate the rate of abnormality in the ERG test (electroretinogram test) in the cyclosporine users referred to the Basir Clinic during 2015-2016.
In this case- control study, 50 patients who had been prescribed cyclosporine referred to the Basir Clinic during 2015-2016 were studied. Results of ERG test, including voltage and the delayed phase, were determined and were compared to the findings of the control group.
The mean (±standard deviation) of the recorded voltages in the ERG in the experimental group and control group were 117.1±14.9 microvolt and 116.2±14.3 microvolt, respectively (P=0.82). The mean (± standard deviation) of recorded delayed phase in the ERG in the experimental group was 44.33±2.24 microsecond, compared to 43.42±2.11 microsecond in the control group (P=0.14).
According to the acquired results of this study, generally it is inferred that using cyclosporine do not significantly change the result of electroretinogram (ERG).

Cyclosporine A is prescribed as an immunosuppressive agent in many diseases. One of the side effects of cyclosporine is visual disturbances and retinal damage. Different methods are available to investigate the damage to the retina, the best of which is the electroretinogram technique. In this study, the effects of cyclosporine on the retina of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied
In this observational study, which was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 55 patients with cyclosporine due to rheumatoid arthritis in 2012-2014 were randomly selected and subjected to electroretinography and voltage and delay phase were determined and compared with the normal range. The results were analyzed by means of statistical analysis of variance. Significant level was set at 0.05.
The average recorded voltage in ERG was 74.7 with a standard deviation of 29.79, which showed a statistically significant difference from normal value of 125 (P=0.0001). The mean recorded latency was 33.9 with a standard deviation of 3.58, which means no significant difference from normal value of 32.39 (P=0.545).
Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of cyclosporine significantly reduces the voltage recorded in the electroretinogram, but does not affect the latency phase. Therefore, patients taking this medicine should continue their treatment according to the ophthalmologist.

The research objective was to investigate the prevalence of infertility in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive agents and compare the impact of tacrolimus (target of Rapamycin inhibitors (TOR-I)) and Cyclosporine on spermogram parameters after the transplantation.
Material & In this prospective study, from March 2013 to March 2014, all male patient who underwent renal transplantation and were treated with Tacrolimus or Cyclosporine, were included. Patients’ spermogram was analyzed in terms of sperm count and motility.
Average sperm count in patients receiving cyclosporine and tacrolimus before the transplantation was 1.73 × 106 and 2.08 × 106 and after the transplantation was 1.2 × 106 and 1.22 × 106, respectively (P=0.008)(P=0.002). Average percentage of the motile sperms of patients treated with Cyclosporine, before the transplantation and start of immunosuppressive course was 45.10%, which decreased to 40.50% at the end of the course. The analysis indicated a significant reduction in sperm motility (P=0.001). Average percentage of the motile sperms of patients receiving Tacrolimus, before the transplantation and start of treatment was 46% that decreased to 38% after the transplantation. This finding presents the significantly reduced sperm motility (P=0.002). Finally, the effective sperm motility in patients treated with Cyclosporine was significantly higher than patients treated with Tacrolimus.
Tacrolimus reduces sperms’ motility in renal transplant patients significantly higher than Cyclosporine.

Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a common side effect of antiepileptic, immunosuppressive and calcium channel blocker drugs. Cyclosporine and phenytoin are amongst the most widely used drugs associated with GO. Gingival fibroblasts seem to have a significant role in the production of certain enzymes after administration of the drugs contributing to GO.Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of GO in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare normal human gingival fibroblasts with those exposed to Cyclosporine or phenytoin in measuring the production levels of certain enzymes that could have a possible role in GO.
samples were obtained from the gingival biopsies of seven adult and seven pediatric patients and were cultured into plates. With the growth of fibroblast cells, they were treated with or without either Cyclosporine or phenytoin. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)was used to determine the expressed levels of R-EGF, Cathepsin B, L,Lysyl oxidase,COL1,TGF β1, MMP-1,2 and TIMP1.
According to RT-PCR analyses, the expressed levels of R-EGF,Cathepsin B,L, Lysyl oxidase,COL1,TGF β1,MMP-1,2 and TIMP1 were affected by Cyclosporine and phenytoin.TGF-β1, TIMP, Cathepsin B and EGF showed comparable values in the adult and pediatric groups.TGF-β1 was the only mediator produced by both drugs in adults and children. Phenytoin lead to TIMP production and cyclosporine induced cathepsin B gene production at both age groups.
Different expressed levels of enzymes after treatment of the gingival fibroblasts of adults and pediatrics with phenytoin or Cyclosporine could be the reason for the higher severity of GO in children. More studies need to be performed on the pathogenesis of GO at different age groups.

Cyclosporine is known as an immunosuppressive drug. Selenium has antioxidant characteristics. This study investigated the synergistic effects of radiation therapy emitted from Gamma rays with the protective effect of selenium after suppressing the immune system of rats with cyclosporine.
60 adult male mice, randomly divided into 6 groups (5 experimental groups, and one control group). Experimental group number 1: technetium cyclosporine; group number 2: iodine 131 cyclosporine; group number 3: selenium cyclosporine; group number 4: cyclosporine technetium selenium; group number 5: cyclosporine iodine131 selenium. Experimental groups 1 and 4 treated with 75 mCi Technetium in a volume of 0.5 ml through intraperitoneal injection. Experimental groups 1 and 5 treated with 0.5 ml iodine 131 (30 mCi). Experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 received 0.1 mg of selenium per kg of their body weight through gavage method. Control group also treated with 0.5 ml normal saline containing 50 mg cyclosporine per kilograms of their body weight to minimize statistical errors. Six hours after treatment with cyclosporine, about 1 ml of heart blood for determining the content of lymphocytes taken and every 6 hours the population of rats has been counted.
Percentage of lymphocytes and survival rate was significantly decreased in the experimental group 2. Survival rate of rats in the experimental groups 3, 1, and 4, significantly increased compared to the control group.
Treatment with cyclosporine and iodine-131 has a meaningful synergistic effect in the reduction of lymphocyte percentage and also survival time. Selenium and low doses of Technetium has the ability to neutralize the synergistic effect of cyclosporine and iodine-131.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by various autoantibodies formation and immune complex deposition in various organs. Lupus nephritis is a common and severe manifestation of SLE that can lead to end stage renal disease and death. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of cyclosporine A in the treatment of resistant proliferative lupus nephritis.
In a retrospective study, patients with proliferative lupus nephritis that were resistant to treatment with mycophenolate mofetil and/or cyclophosphamide and was treated with cyclosporine A were entered to the study. They were evaluated according to the remission of the renal disease, SLE disease activity index, occurrence of end stage renal disease, mortality and side effects of treatment.
Twenty-five patients with biopsy proven proliferative lupus nephritis with mean age of 30±6.9 years including 5 men (20%) and 20 women (80%) were studied. The follow up duration was 27.1±17.6 months. Proteinuria was decreased significantly during the treatment with CSA (p According to results of our study, CSA is effective in the treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis.

One of the common causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion is interference of immunological factors. Administration of cyclosporine, as an immunosuppressive drug, has reportedly reduc the rate of abortion in abortion-prone model of mice CBA/J mated DBA/2 male mice. On the other hand, asymmetric antibodies and TGF-β1 have been considered as an important factor in successful pregnancy outcomes. Intravaginal administration of TGF-β has also been reported to reduce the resorption rate in the same mouse model. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of cyclosporine on serum level of asymmetric antibodies (AAbs) and T cell growth factor beta (TGF-β1) were investigated. Female CBA/J mice were mated with male DBA/2. The pregnant females were divided into two groups: 1- test group; received intraperitoneal injection of 1mg/kg cyclosporine (n=7), 2- control group; received intraperitoneal injection of Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (n=7). Both groups received treatments on the 5th day of pregnancy. Serum samples were collected on the 13.5th day of pregnancy, when the percentage of abortion was also calculated. The percentage of AAbs and abortion rate were significantly reduced in cyclosporine group (P<0.05, for both variables), while the serum levels of TGF-β1 did not show significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Our study showed that despite the significant reduction in percentage of AAbs and no significant difference in serum level of TGF-β1, the abortion rate was markedly reduced in cyclosporine group. So other mechanisms of immunomodulation and reduction of abortion rate except asymmetric antibodies and TGF-β1 should be involved in this mouse model following cyclosporine administration.

Recently Grapefruit juice is known to enhance the bioavailability of several clinically important drugs such as nifedipine, terfenadine, cyclosporine, ethinylestradiole, midazolam, and triazolam. Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent that used in transplantation for preventation of chronic rejection. Grapefruit increase in Cmax and AUC of drug mediated by suppression of Cyp3A4 in small intestine wall.

This study has been performed by twenty Allogenic bone marrow transplant recipients at shariati hospital in Tehran. Subjects were coadministration oral cyclosporine and grapefruit juice and water as a placebo, simultaneously and two hours later.
Blood samples were collected at 3.5 and 11.5 hours following drug administrations.Blood concentration analyzed by specific monoclonal radiomimmunoassay (RIA) technique.

Grapefruit juice has significantly increase, about %42 in cyclosporin Cmax (3.5h), compared with placebo, (p=0.001). However the blood level obtained at (11.5h) Cmin was only increased about %20, (p=0.316). The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decreased significantly in grapefruit juice group compared with placebo, respectively (p=0.001, p=0.012).

This study demonstrated that administration of grapefruit juice had increased the cyclosporin Cmax (%42) at Iranian bone marrow transplant recipients.
Because grapefruit juice may be a safe and effective instrument to enhance absorption of many therapeutic agents, it is an appropriate means in terms of reducing dosing requirements of many Cyp3A4 substrates such as cyclosporin.

Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is commonly prescribed for kidney transplant patients to suppress their immune systems, which can lead to gingival enlargement (GE). The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of associated factors with CsA-induced gingival enlargement in kidney transplant patients in Rasht during 2012. In this cross sectional research, information about kidney transplant patients was recorded in respective questionnaires after their examinations. Then, gingival enlargement and gingival index (GI) were divided into 4 degrees at 4 points; and plaque index (PI) was recorded according to Oleary index. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed by means of SPSS Software (V:16), using Chi-square and T-Test. Seventy-five renal transplant patients (31 women and 44 men) with the mean age 43.18 years (age range 18-73years) participated in this study. Gingival enlargement was diagnosed in 50% of the patients that had used cyclosporine. The average dosage of the drug was 179.6 mg. The increased prevalence of gingival enlargement was observed in the maxilla rather than in the mandible and more in the anterior than in the posterior parts of the jaws. Gingival enlargement was significantly correlated with GI and PI (P=0.01 and P=0.03, respectively). PI and GI were higher in patients with gingival enlargement than patients without gingival enlargement. Thus, it is suggested that periodontal proper hygiene be done to prevent gingival enlargement.

Tuberculosis presents with protean faces in renal transplantation. Recipients In majority of cases it is extra pulmonary and have nonspecific symptoms that confabulate the un experienced clinicians، on the other hand treatment of tuberculosis has it difficulties and antituberculosis regiment affect the cyclosporine blood level and predispose the allograft to rejection episodes. Here we report two cases of post transplantation tuberculosis. First Ptients presented with sever back pain and walking disabilities shortly after renal transplantation and furture imaging study disclosed lumboar vertebral destruction and second patient presented with fever and paraaortic lymphadenopathy in both patients mycobacterial tuberculosis involvement confirmed histologically.

In this study we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium on sperm parameters in vitro fertilization against cyclosporin A –induced embryo toxicity. Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant drug widely used in organ transplantation to prevent rejection. cyclosporin A reduces the activity of the immune system by interfering with the activity and growth of T cells. Achillea millefolium, a widely distributed medicinal plant, is highly regarded for its medicinal activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 44 adult Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as control, Cyclosporine (30 mg/kg), Achillea millefolium (150 mg/kg) and Cyclosporine – Achillea millefolium group (30mg - 150 mg/kg). At 21 and 45 days Sperm characteristics and fertility Evaluated. The Cyclosporine treated group showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in the sperm count, sperm viability and in vitro fertilization. Achillea millefolium co-administration caused an increase in above-mentioned parameters. These findings manifested that Achillea millefolium aqueous extract may be partially protective against Cyclosporine -induced embryo toxicity

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of the nephrotic syndrome and renal failure in nondiabetic adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the disease.

Epidemiology، pathogenesis، etiologies، natural course، differential diagnosis، treatment options، complications and follow up of the disease were all reviewed in this paper.

Most cases of MN are idiopathic، but it can be associated with autoimmune diseases، hepatitis B and C، malignancies، and the use of certain drugs. Spontaneous complete or partial remission of proteinuria occurred in 20 to 40 percent of patients with idiopathic MN. Thus، while almost all patients are candidates of conservative therapies for nephrotic syndrome (eg، angiotensin inhibitors and statins for hyperlipidemia)، immunosuppressive therapies include cytotoxic drugs (usually cyclophosphamide) plus glucocorticoids or a calcineurin inhibitor (cyclosporine or tacrolimus) with or without low dose glucocorticoids and ultimately treatment with rituximab should be considered for patients at high risk for a progressive renal failure.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment، especially in high risk patients، may decrease the mortality/morbidity rate and renal failure associated with membranous nephropathy.

The current immunosuppressive treatment of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) consists of prednisolone and azathioprine. High doses of prednisolone used for disease remission are not universally effective and have serious adverse effects. Some authors have provided evidence of AIH therapy in children and adults with cyclosporine (Neoral) should corticosteroid therapy become ineffective. Preliminary results using cyclosporine in a small group of patients have shown that this drug appears to be a good substitute for corticosteroids. We performed this study to assess the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in induction of remission in children with AIH. This was a case series, interventional clinical trial that involved children with AIH. twelve children with a median age of 9 years, 3 months who were diagnosed according to international criteria as having definite AIH were recruited. Cyclosporine alone was administered at a dosage of 3.5-5 mg/kg in 3 daily doses for 5 months, followed by low dose prednisolone (0.3 mg/kg/d) for one month, then followed by combined low doses of prednisolone and azathioprine (1.5 mg/kg/d in two doses). Patients discontinued cyclosporine after seven months. Biochemical remission of the disease was established by assessment of serum transaminase activity levels. Growth parameters that included Z-scores for height and weight, and adverse effects of the treatment were recorded. Of the 10 remaining patients, 7 had normalized alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity levels by 4 months and all patients had normalized ALT levels by 9 months of treatment. Adverse effects of cyclosporine were mild and disappeared during weaning off the medication. Cyclosporine induced biochemical remission of the hepati inflammatory/necrotic process in children with AIH. There were few, well-tolerated adverse effects. Longer follow-up of patients is necessary to establish possible long-term toxicity of cyclosporine.

Recent studies have shown acute cardioprotective effects of cyclosporine. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective role of cyclosporine on the model simulated the rotational nodal arrhythmia (AVNRT) by using extracellular field potential recordings of isolated atrioventricular-node (AV-node) of rabbit. This study was performed on isolated double-perfused AV-node of male New Zealand rabbits (1.5-2.5 kg) in one group (n=7). Basic and rate-dependent stimulation protocols (recovery, facilitation, fatigue) and arrhythmia threshold (index of refractoriness) and % Gap incidence were measured for assessment of electrophysiological properties of the AV- node. All stimulation protocols were repeated in control step and in the presence of various cumulative concentrations of cyclosporine (0.5 - 10 μm). Cyclosporine prolonged the effective refractory period from 114.3±7.9 to 142±7.3 msec at the concentration of 10 μm. It also prolonged the functional refractory period from 162±3.3 to 178.6±5 msec and increased the time of Wenckebach at the concentrations of 5 - 10 μM. Various concentrations of cyclosporine increased fatigue and reached a significant level at 10 μm. Gap incidence was 82%, 16.6% and 20% in the control and treatments with 0.5 and 10 μm of cyclosporine, respectively. Block of MPTP by cyclosporine caused inhibition of basic and rate-dependent properties of atrioventricular node. Cyclosporine, by raising the threshold of arrhythmia, could be possibly considered as an anti- AVNRT drug.

Pregnancy and parenting have been part of human life throughout history and liver transplant recipients are not any exception. This paper reports successful pregnancies in two liver transplant recipients in Iran. The first case was a 34-year old woman who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) at Shiraz Namazi Educational Hospital in 2002. She decided to get pregnant seven years after the operation. During pregnancy, immunosuppressive therapy continued, except Mycophenolate Mofetil which has an absolute contra-indication in pregnancy. The patient was followed up during pregnancy by the transplant team as well as a gynecologist. She faced no significant complications and the liver function was stable during pregnancy. She later underwent a Cesarean section in the 38th week of gestation and the newborn was a healthy girl weighing 2480g with an Apgar score of 8 at the time of birth. There were no evidences of prematurity or structural abnormalities in the newborn. The second case was a 31-year old primipara who had received an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) in Shiraz in 2002. She had a smooth pregnancy without any complications and the newborn was a boy weighing 3100g with Apgar scores of 8 and 10 at the time of birth and 5 minutes thereafter, respectively. As the number of transplant recipients is growing along with the number of recipients who are in their fertility years, it is vital to ensure a proper medical care by a coordinated multidisciplinary team during pregnancy.

Abstract Pseudotumor cerebri is defined by the increase of intracranial pressure. It has different atiologies but many of its causes are idiopathic and typically present on young obese females. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was normal in this case study and there was no evidence of intracranial mass venous sinus thrombosis or obstruction in CSF stream. In this study we have reported a case of Pseudotumor cerebri presented 7 years after a successful kidney transplant under treatment by Cyclosporine Methylprednisolon and Azathioprine(AZT). Case Report: The patient was a 17-year old obese female with a body mass index of 30kg/m2 having Pseudotumor cerebri 7 years after a successful kidney transplant. Brain imaging like CT scan & MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography) were normal. CSF analysis was normal but the increase in CSF pressure had been detected. Repetitive lumber punctures was performed with simultaneous Acetazolamid administration. But her headaches were treated even after the continuation of Cyclosporine and Methylprednisolon anemia and renal failure. For patients with kidney transplant and headaches it is necessary to rule out Pseudotumor cerebri as a differential diagnosis. Neurotoxicity of Cyclosporine is not rare and we have to pay close attention to neurologic side effect of this drug as well. After diagnosing Pseudotumor cerebri in such patients it is necessary to limit the progression of symptoms and avoid the decrease in patient s visual acuity.

Hypertension, hyperuricaemia and nephrotoxicity are some common side-effects of Cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment in renal transplant recipients. Previous studies suggest that Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) can increase serum level of CsA and may improve graft function in patients receiving CsA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Diltiazem and Amlodipine on cyclosporine dose adjustment with respect to trough and 2-hour concentrations in renal transplant recipients treated with CsA.

This observer-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 renal transplant recipients treated with CsA. Patients received either Amlodipine (5-10mg/day) or Diltiazem (90-180mg/day) for 3 months and were compared with control group receiving no CCB. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Post Hoc and Correlation tests.

Diltiazem significantly decreased CsA dosage (20%) from 162.03 ± 40.6 mg/dl to 128.5 ± 25.5 mg/dl (P=0.000) and Amlodipine, too, decreased it to 140.5 ± 22.3 mg/dl (13%) which was significant (P=0.008). Trough concentration in patients who had received Amlodipine were significantly higher than control group (P=0.019). Diltiazem significantly decreased Cholesterol Level (P=0.027) but other parameters were not significantly different between Amlodipine / Diltiazem and control groups.

Diltiazem and Amlodipine were well tolerated in co-administration with CsA with no adverse effect on graft function and did not affect blood pressure or heart rate. Our findings support that these two CCBs can be used in clinical settings to reduce the administered dose of cyclosporine

Co-administration of cyclosporine and erythromycin can cause nephrotoxicity which could be a result of interaction in absorption and/or metabolism level. The purpose of this work was to investigate the interaction of erythromycin and cyclosporine in absorption level to evaluate the effect of erythromycin on cyclosporine absorption quantitatively. The stability of drug at 37°C and its adsorption to plastic syringe and tubes were also investigated. 32 Wistar rats weighting between 200-300 g were used in the present study. They were divided into 4 test groups and 4 control groups. A jejunal segment of anaesthetized rat was cannulated and perfused by concentrations of 20, 15, 10 and 5 micromolar of drug in the presence and absence of 150 micromolar erythromycin by flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. Samples were obtained up to 90 min. Drug concentrations were assayed in different time points. The drug effective permeability values were calculated for its different concentrations in different experiments. A reverse-phase HPLC method was used for analysis of all samples. The cyclosporine effective permeability values were increased from 22.1-33.4 (10-6) cm/sec in control group to 37.2-53.4 (10-6) cm/sec in test group that this difference was significant (p<0.05). Moreover cyclosporine was stable and only 4-5% loss of drug was observed at the end of experiment. However there was a significant adsorption of drug to syringe and tubing. Based on obtained results cyclosporine is a low solubility and high permeability drug. At least some part of clinical interaction between cyclosporine and erythromycin is due to interaction in absorption level.

Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant with a narrow therapeutic window. Inter-and-intrapatient variability in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics necessitates frequent blood level monitoring in transplant patients and total blood cyclosporine concentration used to allow dosage adjustment in transplant patients. The purpose of the present study was, first of all, to develop a precise and suitable method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of cyclosporine in children with renal transplant and to evaluate CsA blood concentrations in patients in order to find out the best time for sampling Iranian children with kidney transplant for TDM of cyclosporine. This can also help us achieve the best immunosuppressant with the least side effects for renal transplant patients. Patients and In this experimental study, 29 pediatric transplant recipients (16 boys and 13 girls) who had received renal transplant at least six months prior to the study participated. The mean age of the patients was 14. 5 ±2. 3 years (ranging from 8 to 20 years),and they all showed stable renal function. The patients were also receiving other drugs such as prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, iron and folic acid. The clinical status of the patients was recorded. The CsA blood levels were determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA) 0, 0. 5, 1, 1. 5 and 2 hours after drug administration. The data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Our results are indicative of good precision and�reproducibility of the method. Minimum detection limit of cyclosporine-A was 5 ng/ml and percentage yield was 86-109%. Inter-and-intraday variability for three cyclosporine-A blood concentrations were 8% and 5. 8% respectively. The mean blood concentrations 0. 5 and 1 hour after drug administration were 100 ± 3. 0 and 515± 19. 2 μ g/dl respectively. The mean serum creatinine level was 0. 9 (0. 1-1. 9) mg/dl. There was a high correlation between CsA dose, serum creatinin and C1. 5, while there was no correlation between age, serum creatinine and C1. 5 level. Also, there was no correlation between C0 and any of the above-mentioned parameters. These results show that C1. 5 level is the best indicator for TDM of cyclosporine-A in Iranian children and has the best correlation with dose and creatinin level. The developed method is precise,sensitive and suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine-A. Using single point monitoring can help to improve the cooperation of patients during TDM procedure, and for this purpose C1. 5 level seems more accurate than C0 level in pediatric transplant patients.