جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شرم درونی شده" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Today, cosmetic surgery is considered one of the most common forms of surgery in the world, and its usage has become widespread. The main and fundamental goal of cosmetic surgery is to improve the physical appearance of a person who has an abnormal appearance. When people realize that their appearance is not by the standards and norms of society, they may suffer and consider surgery the final solution. Studies that have used psychological scales to evaluate psychopathology have mentioned significant psychopathology in patients applying for cosmetic surgery. The results of a study in this field indicate that more than 70% of cosmetic surgery applicants have been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, the most common of which include depression, anxiety, neuroticism, and passive-aggressive personality disorder. The results of the conducted research indicate that people who were interested in cosmetic surgery had more psychological vulnerability than those who were not interested in cosmetic surgery. One of the major problems of cosmetic surgery applicants is high psychological vulnerability, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and depression. Psychological vulnerability can be defined as sensitivity to the creation of a disorder, uncertainty, feeling of danger in facing certain conditions, and being exposed to the risk of psychological problems. Psychological vulnerability is effective in all cognitive and behavioral dimensions of people. Psychological vulnerability is presented as a pattern of psychological symptoms or behavior that occurs in a person, and this pattern or symptoms reflects an underlying psychological dysfunction and its consequences include disability or clinically significant distress. These symptoms are a predictable response to a general stressor or the lack of a culturally approved response to a specific event, and they can be caused by a neurological role. The purpose of the research was to test the structural model of psychological vulnerability based on childhood trauma and unstable self-esteem, considering the mediating role of internalized shame in people applying for cosmetic surgeries.

This research was fundamental and quantitative in terms of objective and semi-quasi correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all people applying for cosmetic surgery living in Tehran and referring to cosmetic clinics in 2022-2023. A sample of 304 people, who volunteered to cooperate, were included in the research from among the aforementioned population. Drugatis Psychological Vulnerability Questionnaire (2001), Bernstein's Childhood Trauma (2003), Chabrol, Rocio and Callahan's Unstable Self Esteem (2006), and Cook's Internalized Shame (1993) were used to collect information. Data were analyzed by correlation matrix method and structural equation modeling.

The results of data analysis showed that the indicators of the proposed model have an acceptable fit. The path of unstable self-esteem to psychological vulnerability (β = 0.343, P = 0.000), the path of unstable self-esteem to internalized shame (β = 0.435, P = 0.000), the path of internalized shame to psychological vulnerability (β = 0.549, P = 0.000), the path of childhood trauma to psychological vulnerability (β = 0.147, P = 0.000), the path of childhood trauma to internalized shame (P = 0.000, 431/ β = 0) is reported. Also, the mediating role of internalized shame was confirmed at the confidence level of 0.95.

Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data. Therefore, the results of the present study, due to the use of questionnaires and self-report scales, may have encouraged the subjects to use methods based on obtaining social approval and avoiding stigma related to individual inadequacy instead of actual behavior. As a result, caution should be observed in the interpretation of the obtained findings. The high volume of questions in the research questionnaires, which could include the possibility of fatigue of the subjects, was one of the other limitations of this research. Also, the results of other people or cultures should be done with caution. Considering the ethnic and cultural diversity in Iran, the model of the present study as well as other psychological elements should be investigated in volunteers and non-volunteers of cosmetic surgery in other ethnic groups. It is suggested to use a large community of women and men in future studies to increase the generalizability of the research results. It is also suggested to investigate and compare the two genders in future studies. It is recommended to pay attention to the important role of psychological factors affecting mental vulnerability and in the tendency to this type of surgery before undergoing cosmetic surgery, and since psychologists have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological and personality issues, this should be considered. Specialized psychological counseling should be done by them before cosmetic surgery. The present study was conducted with the aim of testing the nose model of the psychological vulnerability of people applying for cosmetic surgeries based on childhood trauma and unstable self-respect, considering the mediator role of internalized shame in Tehran. According to the results obtained in the present study, the main hypothesis was confirmed. This result generally indicates that the model of psychological vulnerability based on childhood trauma and unstable self-esteem has a good fit with regard to the mediating role of internalized shame in people applying for cosmetic surgeries. Therefore, it is recommended that the contribution of the above variables in the assessment, diagnosis and treatment is considered important and related organizations should consider possible preventive programs.

Vitiligo aggravates psychological problems such as anxiety and depression and ultimately reduces the quality of life in patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on psychological well-being and internalized shame in female students with vitiligo.

This semi-experimental study was performed based on a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all female students with vitiligo in the secondary high school in Tabriz, Iran, in the academic year of 2022. The research sample was 45 students who were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. Both experimental groups received their treatment in eight 1.5-h sessions, but the control group did not receive any treatment.

Compared to the control group, both treatments (ACT and CFT) increased the psychological well-being of female students with vitiligo in the post-test (P<0.001) and decreased their internalized shame (P<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on the quality of psychological well-being and internalized shame was lasting (P<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on psychological well-being and internalized shame was the same in post-test and follow-up phases (P>0.05).

Due to the effectiveness of these two treatments (ACT and CFT) on psychological well-being and internalized shame in girls with vitiligo, it can be used to increase psychological well-being and reduce internalized shame in these people.

In recent years, researchers in the field of behavioral sciences have paid more attention to the importance of the mental health of the family and its members and the role they play in shaping the dynamics of society. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to predict aggression based on internalized shame and communication skills in mothers with elementary school children.

This descriptive-correlational research was conducted in Bandar Abbas city in 2023 with the statistical population of all mothers with elementary school children. Using convenience sampling, 222 mothers were selected. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, "Aggression Questionnaire", "Internalized Shame Scale" and " Communication Skills Test-Revised ". The content validity of the instruments was confirmed by the qualitative method by asking the opinions of 4 lecturers of the Department of Counseling and Psychology of Hormozgan University. Reliability was checked and confirmed by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data of the research was collected through in-person visits to schools and qualified mothers responding to the instruments. The data was analyzed with SPSS.26.

Internalized shame positively predicted mothers' aggression (P<0.001, β=0.56). Also, among the components of communication skills, only communication with assertiveness positively predicted aggression in mothers. (β>0.001, P=0.29). The results of the regression analysis also showed that 0.46 of the total variance of aggression is explained by internalized shame and communication with assertiveness.

Internalized shame and communication with assertiveness are important predictors of aggression in mothers with elementary school children. 
Therefore, it is suggested that educational methods to reduce internalized shame and improve communication skills, especially the component of communication together with assertiveness, should be considered for mothers with primary school children.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with compassion-focused therapy on internalized shame and self-esteem of patients with vitiligo.

The method of this study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow up with the control group. The population of this study consisted of all women with vitiligo in Tabriz in 2021 who had referred to the medical clinics of this city. In total, 45 patients were selected by purposive sampling method, who were randomly divided into three groups. Members of both experimental groups received their treatment in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. Measuring instruments were Cook internalized shame's (1993) and Cooper Smith self-esteem's (1976) questionnaires. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance & Bonferroni post hoc test.

In the pre-test, mean and standard deviation of internalized shame and self-esteem were not significantly different in the experimentals and control groups (p>0.05). After the test, internalized shame was reduced and self-esteem was increased among patients of both treatment groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments was lasting (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on internalized shame and self-esteem at posttest and follow-up was not different (p>0.05).

It seems that these two therapies can increase the acceptance of the disease in vitiligo, so they can probably be considered as a useful treatment strategy to improve the mental status of patients with vitiligo.

Psoriasis is a prevalent, inflammatory and chronic disease which is accompanied by various psychological problems for the patient. So far, few psychological interventions have been designed and conducted for reducing mental problems and enhancing mental health among these patients. Compassion-focused therapy is a new therapeutic method which was formed with the aim of reducing self-criticism and shame in individuals. According to the fact that patients with psoriasis experience great shame due to undesirable effects of this disease on their beauty, therefore, the present study was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of group compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on internalized shame in patients with psoriasis.

In the frame of a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow up with control group design, 40 patients with psoriasis referring to the specialized dermatology clinics of Hakim Jarjani hospital and Shahid Sayad Shirazi hospital in Gorgan, Iran, in 2018, were selected by available sampling method, and then, they were assigned into two experiment and control groups (20 subjects per group). For gathering the data, Cook’s internalized shame scale was used which was completed by the subjects of both groups in pretest, posttest and one-month follow up stages. The subjects of the experiment group received eight 2-hour sessions of compassion focused therapy while the control group received no therapy until the end of the follow up stage. For analyzing the data, the Variance analysis test with repeated measures in SPSSv20 were used.

Mean and standard deviation of the scores of internalized shame in subjects of the experiment group was 77.40 ± 3.53 in pretest, 62 ± 3.37 in posttest, and 60.50 ± 3.63 in follow up. In the control group, mean and standard deviation of the scores of internalized shame was 77.25 ± 5.04 in pretest, 78.65 ± 4.20 in posttest and 76.85 ± 4.67 in follow up. Results of the variance analysis with repeated measures indicated that compassion focused therapy led to significant reduction in internalized shame among patients of the intervention group in posttest and follow up stages (P < 0.01).

According to the findings of the present research, it is recommended that compassion focused therapy would be used in specialized dermatology clinics for the purpose of reducing mental problems and improving mental health among dermatological patients.