جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهر شیراز » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The pandemic of coronavirus can be considered as one of the most important issues in the world in the last two years. Undoubtedly, reducing the outbreak of coronavirus requires preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of preventive behaviors of people and its relationship with demographic and socio-economic variables.

A total of 385 residents aged 18 to 65 years in Shiraz City were surveyed using the cluster sampling method and a structured questionnaire. The SPSS.20 software was used to analyse the data.

The findings showed that with increasing age and level of education preventive behaviors increased, while increasing income led to a decrease in such behaviors. Preventive behaviors were more common among women than men, and less common among employed people and housewives than students.

Preventive behaviors in connection the coronavirus are relatively acceptable but far from ideal. Men, young people and people with lower literacy levels should be given more attention in health-related teaching programs.

Equity in distribution of health services is one of the goals of health policy makers. Thus, an study entitled “modeling geographical access to medical laboratory services in Iran” was conducted in 2014. The present article is a case study using this model for site selection of new medical laboratories in Shiraz, Hamadan and Shushtar cities, Iran.
The study units included medical laboratories located within the city borders but outside of hospital and clinic settings. The main analysis task was layer and maps creation based on Geographic Information System (GIS). Spatial analysis performed using the ArcGIS software.
According to the geographical accessibility model, total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories (outside of hospital and clinic settings) were identified in Shiraz and Hamadan and Shushtar. In Shiraz, at the time of present study, there were 64 medical laboratories outside of hospitals and clinics and there was possibility of construction of approximately 241 new laboratories in the city. The total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories were about 2661 square meters. Therefore it was possible to establish 120 out of 241 new medical laboratories in the horizontal expansion of the city in these lands in Shiraz. In Hamadan, there were 24 medical laboratories outside of hospitals and clinics and there was possibility of construction of approximately 143 new laboratories in the city. The total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories were about 130700 square meters. Therefore, it was possible to establish all proposed new medical laboratories in these lands in Hamadan. In Shushtar, there were 3 medical laboratories outside of hospitals and clinics and it was possibility of construction of approximately 9 new laboratories in the city. The total area of lands valued as excellent and good for the establishment of new laboratories were about 36800 square meters. Therefore it was possible to establish all proposed new medical laboratories in these lands in Shushtar.
It is possible to use geographical accessibility model for site selection of new medical laboratories in cities. The accuracy of selected sites should be confirmed with field visits.

Background and Nowadays, in developed countries, the economic profits of recycling and its role in waste reduction and disposal costs is well recognized. In this study, the economic aspects of dry solid waste recycling were evaluated in Shiraz, Iran.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz in which data was collected through field observations, interviews with officials of municipal utilities and investigating the documents in the organization. Then, the economic benefits of different recycling rates including 15% (current), 50% and 80% were evaluated.
The recycling rate of waste paper, cardboard, glass, nylon and plastic carrier bags, disposable plastic containers, PET, other types of plastic, disposable metallic containers, and other types of metals were 23%, 12%, 8%, 2.5%, 8%, 13%, 13%, 11%, and 12%, respectively. The total economic benefits of recycling in terms of current recycling (15%), desirable recycling (50%) and ideal recycling (80%) rates were calculated as 11527, 39869, and 63791 million Rials per year, respectively.
Only 15% of dry solid waste is recycled in Shiraz. The economic benefits from recycling could increase to 8-18 times of the current benefit with a 10 to 20 year proper planning and upgrading the current recycling program.

Identifying the vulnerabilities of urban residential areas، zoning and vulnerability prioritization of these areas are the prevention and preparedness policies for retrofitting buildings. This paper aims to determine and prioritize the vulnerability of residential units in urban areas of Shiraz city based on skeleton index. Therefore، a multi-objective model with promising applications is presented for residential units’ vulnerabilities in the city. In this descriptive-analytical and applied research، the vulnerability of residential units was performed on the basis of 7 criteria by using both the analytic hierarchy process for weighting the criteria and GIS for integrating the related mapping. The results indicated that design and urban planning in city of Shiraz are not based on physical parameters. So that the highest vulnerability due to access roads network and open space and the lowest vulnerability are related to district 8 and districts 1 and 6 respectively; As a result، for reducing the vulnerability of urban areas in Shiraz، the districts of 4 and 1 are to planning for priority based on the criterion of proximity to strategic areas. However، priority planning for different districts is as follows: the districts of 2، 5، 4 and 8 based on population density; the districts of 8، 3 and 7 based on open space and area of the residential units; the districts 1، 5 and 6 due to building density; and districts of 1، 5 and 8 based on standard life building in residential units and access network. The closer we get to the center of the city، the vulnerability of residential units increased. This is due to some items such as sensitive military sites، high population density and residential areas with small size in the city center.

Waste is a permanent part of human life. Urban development، increasing use of irresolvable materials and many other achievements of machine life have com to raise one of the main concerns of urban environmental management، that is waste disposal. Waste management in different qualities and quantities is the most important environmental problem. The aim of the current study was to determine the Shiraz environmental landfill waste by using hierarchical analysis، fuzzy logic and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques using Expert Choice software. At First، important factors in site selection for solid waste were identified. Then، nineteen layers were digitized and weighted on the basis of the existing standards. The Last ratio that has to be calculated is CR (Consistency Ratio). Generally، if CR is less than 0. 1، the judgments are consistent، so the derived weights can be used. In this study، using data such as the legal limits of the city، distance from roads، land airport، land use، land capability، artifact effects (rural، urban facilities and equipment، mining، …)، fault، the physical development of the city، surface water، wind direction، population density، soil type، Hypsometric (height floor)، slope، vegetation coverage، land types، geology،by different models and maps based on fuzzy logic were used to combine these data. After georefrencing the data and models with satellite images a region with 272 hectares in the north of shiraz (19 km away) with capacity of receiving waste more than 1000 ton per day for 15 yeare، was selected as waste disposal site.

Good performance in academic tests plays a major role in the student's further academic and occupational achievements. In students who experience excessive amounts of anxiety while sitting for a quiz or test, lower academic grades may be achieved as a result of and impaired information processing. This study examined the relationship between anxiety test (AT) and some socio-demographic factors in high school students in Shiraz.

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample consisted of 512 high school students in Shiraz, Iran. Participants were students from both sexes and from all kinds of high schools (named: Governmental, private, and specialized high schools for the exceptionally talented students). The instruments used for data collection were Spielberger's Test Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11 software, using ANOVA, paired t, and Pearson's correlation tests.

The STAI mean scores showed significant correlations with the districts of education organization to which the school belonged, the populated status of the classroom and the attitude of parents and school authorities toward academic failure (P

The Findings demonstrated the adverse effects of AT on the student's academic performance. Identifying the bio-socio-demographic correlates of AT may help to plan more specific interventions for reducing AT in students.

Corrosion is one of the most complex and costiy problems related to drinking water. Corrosion can affect the public health, acceptability of the drinking water source and supplying costs. The aim of this study was to determine the corrosion potentiality of drinking water in Shiraz city in 2007- 2008 through corrosion and stability index (Langlier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Aggressiveness Index and Pockurius Scaling Index). The results indicate the mean and standard deviation for temperature, pH, and pHs were equal to 22.84 and 2.93 ºC, 7.69 and 0.28, and 6.83 and 0.24 respectively. Also the mean and standard deviation of total suspended solid (TDS), calcium hardness, and total alkalinity was equal to 656.8 and 190.9, 465.37 and 121, and 271.6 and 67 respectively. Also Langlier Saturation Index was equal to 0.86 and 0.23, respectively and for Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) was equal 5.95 and 0.36, respectively. Obtained results showed that the mean and standard deviation for Aggressiveness Index (AI) and Pockurius Scaling Index (PSI) was equal to 10.54 and 0.23, and 8.06 and 0.15, respectively.By studying the corrosion indexes it was found that most of these indexes in Shiraz drinking water have scaling potentiality and only in a few instances station have corrosion potentiality.