جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عفونت متقاطع" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Herpes simplex virus is considered one of the most common human infections in most parts of the world, among which, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most important human pathogenic viruses that cause numerous skin and oral lesions. Practitioners of the dental profession and related fields are in close contact with numerous patients referring to dental clinics and are at risk of cross-infection. Regarding this, one of the infections that dental professionals are exposed to is herpes simplex virus infection. This study aimed to evaluate the level of HSV1 antibody among dental students of Birjand in 2018-2019. This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 dental students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran. After obtaining informed consent, a peripheral blood sample (5 ml) was collected from participants and the presence of anti-virus antibody was examined using an Anti-Herpes-1 IgG kit with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was revealed that 41% of the subjects had anti-herpes type 1 antibodies. Based on data analysis, the prevalence of HSV1 antibody was higher in pre-clinical and clinical level than in basic science; however, there was no significant relationship between studentschr('39') educational level and antibody prevalence.

Health care associated infections (HAIs) are a class of infections that infect patients during hospital admissions and receive medical services. These infections occurs within 48 to 72 hours of admission and up to 6 weeks after discharge. Surveillance of device-associated infections (DAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) is substantial in planning healthcare strategies. This study was conducted to determine the device-associated infections' burden and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

In this descriptive-analytic study, three common device-associated infections included central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI), were assessed in intensive care units of Besat Hospital in Hamedan from April 2017 to April 2018. In order to determine the incidence of device-associated infections, the number of device-associated infection cases was calculated during the study period and divided into the number of device-days used. The device-days included all days of exposure to that device (vascular catheter, endotracheal tube (ventilator), or urinary catheter) in all patients in the study population.

Out of 1806 intensive care unit admitted cases, 168 patients (9.3%) were device-associated infection with distribution of 92 cases (55%) of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), 56 cases (34%) of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) and 20 cases (11%) of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CL-BSI). The incidence of VAP, CA-UTI and CL-BSI was 44.7, 17.5, and 21.61 days, respectively. The most organisms were Acinetobacter (27.4%), Klebsiella (18.3%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (15.4%). Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) was 75%. Acinetobacter resistance to colistin and carbapenem was 16.8%. About half of Pseudomonas isolates were resistant to meropenem.

According to the present findings of this study, a high incidence of device-associated infections and resistant organisms in our intensive care units were documented, which represents a need to reinforce the preventive and control programs. Various results in different studies can be due to differences in the level of health care in different centers and countries.

Research on microbial contamination of individuals clothing has shown a variety of microorganisms. This contamination may cause infection and disease. The aim of this study was to Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on reduction of aerobic pathogens in the nursing Gowns of Sirjan hospitals in 2017.
The contamination of 200 nurses Gowns was surveyed in hospitals in Sirjan city. Sampling done in two modes, before using nano Gowns and after using nano Gowns by using wet sterile swabs. The colonies were examined and biochemical tests were used to identify isolated bacteria.
In Imam Reza Hospital & Dr. Gharzai Hospital, the most commonly isolated pathogens were Respectively Staphylococcus Epidermidis (57.83%) and Staphylococcus Epidermidis (51.35%) and the least pathogen respectively Pseudomonas (1.2%) and Escherichia Coli with Pseudomonas (1.35%). In these hospitals, after using nano silver Gowns, the amount of microbial load decreased significantly (eliminating roughly 100%).
In this study, the bacteria of nursing Gowns after contact with silver nanoparticles were eliminated, so the use of metal nanoparticles to cope with cross-infection can be effective.

Dentists and all related oral hygiene occupations are endanger of cross contamination because of close contacts with patients. Dental laboratories are one of those which have a direct contact with dentist and cross infection control plays an important role to prevent exposure to pathogens. According to the fact that many dental laboratories are not well informed about cross infection control; the aim of this study is to prepare a questionnaire for evaluating both dentists and dental laboratories knowledge about cross control infections.
250 dentist and 50 dental laboratories were randomly chosen and prepared questionnaire distributed. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and Chi-Square test.
There was no significant differences between general and post graduated dentist in using gloves, masks and protective eye glasses (p value > 0.05).the results showed no significant differences in uses of protective eye glasses between dentist who worked in clinics and private offices (p value = 0.384), but there was significant differences in using gloves (p value = 0.02).condensation silicones (90.5%) and alginates (90%) were the most impression materials and 88% of dentist rinsed the impressions always while 0.8% never did that.
The cross control infection is not sufficient among dental laboratories and clinics and it is need to pay more attention.

Research on microbial contamination of individuals clothings has shown a variety of microorganisms. This contamination may cause infection and disease. The aim of this study was to determine the type and amount of aerobic bacterial contamination of dental student’s gown of Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences before and after treatment in 2013. During the study period 30 male dental students were selected by convenience sampling from restorative and periodontics departments. Sampling was performed from three part of gown before and after treatment using moistened sterile swab. The colony forming units were assessed and isolated bacteria were characterized by morphological and biochemical analyses. Statistical analaysis was performed using the Chi-square and Cochran Q test. P<0. 05 was considered as statistically significant. After finishing the treatment، in of 86. 7% of samples، the contamination was increased. The greatest contamination was related to Gram-positive bacteria. The Staphylococcus areus was the most common type of bacterium. Bacterial contamination of student’s gown is considerably increased after treatment of each patient. Therefore it is recommended that the surfaces near the patient are kept clean and sanitary measures are undertaken by the dental personnel during treatment in order to reduce microbial contamination.

Cross-infection control in dental offices is of great priority because of continuous contact with contaminated oral fluids and saliva. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate some principles of cross-infection control in dental health centers in Isfahan. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 117 general dentists and specialists working in private dental offices and clinics in Isfahan in 2013‒2014. The subjects were selected using simple sampling technique. Data were collected with a questionnaire consisting of 18 questions on sterilization of instruments, disinfection of prostheses received from the laboratory, impressions and personal protection techniques during treatment procedures. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using descriptive statistics and Kruskal‒Wallis and chi-squared tests (α=0.05). Use of eyeglasses was more common in specialists (p value < 0.001). Specialists were more careful about disinfection of prostheses after checking them in the oral cavity before sending them to the laboratory compared to general practitioners (p value = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in rinsing impressions after retrieving them from the oral cavity (p value = 0.245). However, specialists paid more attention to disinfection of impressions after removing them from the patients’ oral cavities compared to general practitioners (p value = 0.002). Under the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that observation of the principles of cross-infection control was at a moderate level in dental treatment centers in Isfahan.

Surface bacterial contamination has been shown to be a potential source of cross infection. Our objective therefore was to determine the level and type of bacterial contamination present on dental units in two departments of dental school before and after treatment in 2011 and 2012. The study was carried out at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (dental school). A random survey of 30 dental units from restorative and periodontics departments were included in this study. The surface of three sites of the units (seat, light on/off switch and tray handle) was sampled using moist sterile swabs. The colony forming units were counted and isolated bacteria were characterized by morphological and biochemical analyses. Comparisons of data sets were performed using the Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-square tests; P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Of the samples after work, 57 from 90 were positive for bacterial isolates. Staphylococcus oreus was more prevalent on the surfaces. Also, bacterial contamination of the seat was greater than the other parts (P=0.025). The isolates were significantly (P=0.036) more prevalent on units from restorative department than on those from periodontics department. Microbial contamination of dental units is considerably increased after treatment of each patient. So, surfaces disinfection is essential between patients treatment.