جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عملکرد های رانندگی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Absent-mindedness of drivers is one of the important cause of traffic crashes. Nowadays using of mobile phones during driving have been spread increasingly and this can disturb the attention of drivers and affect the driving performances. This study aimed to determine the effect of reading and texting of message on driving performance and mental workload of young drivers.

40 young drivers (20 males & 20 females) with the average age of 25 years were studied in a driving simulator. The scenario was driving in middle line of a three-lined highway and responsions to visual stimulus of a Peripheral Detection Task. Drivers were obligated to drive in this highway with two conditions, one in usual condition and one in condition that they were busy with receiving, reading and texting the short messages. The lateral deviation of vehicle and PDT reaction time were used to record the driving performances. And the Integrated Workload Scale was used at the end of each trial for measuring of mental workload.

The average amount of lateral deviation of vehicle. Reaction time and IWS were 26.68 cm, 502.13 ms and 2.02 respectively in usual driving trial, And were 53.04 cm, 652.12 ms and 6 respectively in driving trial with reading and texting the messages. The difference amounts of lateral deviation of vehicle, reaction time and IWS variables were statistically significant (P-value=0.000) based on paired-samples t test and Wilcoxon test in usual and with reading-texting driving trials. Moreover no statistically significant differences were seen in amounts of lateral deviation, reaction time and IWS between males and females.

This study showed that the reading and texting the short message during driving can cause both significant decrease of driving performances and increase of mental workload. Accordingly more attention to consequences of using mobile phone during driving is necessary.

Road traffic accident annually lead to the death of 1.2 million people and also the disability of some 50 million people in the world. Iran is one of the countries with the highest rates of road accidents in the world. According to the annual statistics by the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, 15,932 people have lost their lives in road traffic accidents in 1395 sh. According to figures in this report, over 75% of road deaths occur among men. Driving and guiding a vehicle is required to assign different levels of attention. In this regard, also can be pointed to the role of the mental workload. Mental workload known as a requirement that a duty impose on the available mental and cognitive resources of people. Mental workload is too high or too low can lead to incomplete understanding, inadequate attention and information processing to be inappropriate. A variety of factors can be effect on individuals driving performance and their mental workload such as age, gender, driving character and fatigue. According to studies, mistakes that can lead to accidents, in many cases, are the result of high mental workloads. Measurement of mental workload while driving can reflect the cognitive needs imposed on the driver. Various behavioral, self-reporting and physiological methods have been successfully used so far in order to measure the mental workload. One of the best ways to measure the mental workload is the evaluation of the individuals' reaction time. Reaction time is the time interval between the emergence of a stimulus and the individual's response. Driver’s gender is one of the possible effective factors that can affect driving performance. This study aimed to assess the effect of gender on young drivers' mental workload and driving performances using a driving simulator. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 young drivers (20-29 years) including 20 women and 20 men in Tehran at 2017. The inclusion criteria for the study were aged 20 to 29 years, filling informed consent to participate in the study, sleeping enough for 8 hours at night before the test, having at least two years of driving experience, driving at least once In the week, lack of driving experience with the driving simulator, having adequate or improved vision for the eyes, or for each eye, did not use psychotropic drugs. Exclusion criteria were included the request of the participants to leave the study, having signs of discomfort caused by the simulator, expressing a physical discomfort after the start of the test for any reason. The driving simulator used in this study is a half-body Pride made by the specialists of the virtual reality group of Khajeh Nasir Tusi Industrial University. The simulator has a computer and graphics card and software tools for simulating intra-city and inter-city roads, freeways, night driving, and driving in snowy, rainy, and foggy conditions. The drivers' performances were evaluated using the PDT reaction time and vehicle lateral deviation variables under two conditions: driving with and without mental calculations. The PDT reaction time test is one of the most common and suitable methods for assessing the performance of drivers and the response time of mental workload in simulator studies. Its validity and reliability have been confirmed in various studies. The Rating Scale Mental Effort (RSME) and the Integrated Workload Scale (IWS) self-report scales were used to estimate the individuals' workload. The main scenario of the study included driving a distance of 20 km on a highway. The mean lateral deviation obtained for female and male drivers was 0.55 and 0.51 m respectively, in the driving phase without mental calculations. Moreover in this phase the mean reaction time was 482 ms for females and 450 ms for males. In the driving phase with mental calculation, the mean lateral deviation obtained for female and male drivers was 0.67 and 0.62 m and mean reaction time for females and males was 606 ms and 569 ms, respectively. Based on the RSME and the IWS scales, women perceived more mental workload than men. For most variables of the study, however, the difference between male and female values was not significant based on the independent t-test (P-value> 0.05). Also, performing mental calculations while driving caused a significant increase (P-value = 0.05) in the values of the vehicle's lateral deviation, the drivers' reaction time, and the RSME and the IWS scales. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the study variables between males and females; the mean value of the lateral deviation for women was slightly higher than men, and their driving performance was slightly weaker than men. More lateral deviation of the vehicle should be considered in the process of doing mental calculation, because the high lateral deflection, especially automotive deviation to the left can be dangerous and even fatal accidents.

One of the most important subjects in the analysis of driver’s behavior had been situation awareness during the past decade. However، no study has been investigated the relation among component of situation awareness and performance and cognitive abilities of bus drivers. Current study aimed to survey relationship between bus drivers’ situation awareness، driving performance and cognitive abilities using driving simulator. In this study، 30 professional bus drivers who have diploma or higher degree participated. Situation awareness measured by SAGAT technique and tests UFOV، EFT and WMS were used for measuring of cognitive abilities. Brake reaction time and lane departures were criteria for driving performance. Accordingly، the result showed significant relation between drivers’ situation awareness before and after hazard conditions. Among WMS، divided attention، selective attention and EFT with level 1 of situation awareness was seen significant relation. The result of current study released a significant correlation among WMS and divided attention with lane departure. Results showed، in general، the driver''s situational awareness in dangerous conditions increases. The study showed that cognitive ability affects only level 1 of situational awareness. According to role of situational awareness in driving performance، the results of lane keeping showed that perception might be a key factor in driving performance.