جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "عوامل قادرساز" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Objective (s): 

Aging is one of the most important anthropological phenomena of the 21st century. Thus due to various benefits of physical activity for health and fitness, it considers being one of the most important factors in healthy aging. This study aimed to investigate physical activity and its determinants in older adults.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 393 older adults in Mazandaran, Iran, using a multi-stage sampling method. Inclusion criteria included elderly men and women over 60 years of age and their tendency to participate in the study. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the physical activity questionnaire for older adults (CHAMPS), incentive factors, and barriers to physical activity. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and regression were used to analyze the data.

The age of participants ranged from 60-94 years. The results showed that 25.96% of the older adults were sedentary and 34.86% had low-intensity, 38.42% had a moderate intensity and 0.76% had high-intensity physical activity. The main factors for physical activity were: The right companion, feeling relaxed, friends’ encouragement, meeting friends, the doctor prescribing, and maintaining fitness. Barriers included illness and medical factors, long distances, lack of sports venues, fear of falling and injury, lack of access to equipment and facilities. The results also indicated a relationship between physical activity and variables such as age, living conditions, elderly male occupation, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.

Overall, physical activity in older adults seems to be multifactorial in nature, and a wide range of socio-demographic factors are involved in determining the level of individual activity. The level of physical activity in the present study was low and most participants had low-intensity physical activity. Based on the findings, identifying effective factors and barriers has an important role in promoting physical activity in older adults.

Breast feeding is influencing by social and cultural conditions of any communities. The purpose of current study was to investigating of breast feeding situation in mothers who have 8-24 months infant and its related factors based on BNAASNEF model constructs in Aq qala city. In a retrospective cross-sectional design, 223 mothers who have 8-24 months age infant through convenience sample were recruited. Data were gathered using a questionnaire based on BASNEF model constructs along with selected demographic variables and were analyzed in SPSS version 18 using descriptive and analytic tests. Exclusive breast feeding prevalence was 87.5 %, formula feeding was 10.3%, and 2.2 % was both of them. Seventy-eight point one percent had favorite attitude toward breast feeding, 21.9% had semi favorite attitude. Regarding to BASNEF constructs health workers responsibility and mass media were the most enabling factors with 90.1% and 63.2%, respectively. The result showed that husband, physician, mother, health workers, and mother in law were the significant subjective norms while friends and acquaintances were the less important subjective norms in line with breast feeding. There was no significant relationship between types of infant feeding with any variables of study. The results of study indicated that 87.5 % of mothers were feuded their infants with breast feeding in first 6 months. Health workers responsibility to mother's questions and mass media were the significant enabling factors. Husband, physician, mother, health workers, and mother in law were the significant subjective norms in breast feeding of infants by mothers.

Smoking and its related diseases account for annual death of 4 million people around the world. Beliefs, attitude, subjective norms, enabling factors (BASNEF) model is considered as one of the comprehensive models of behavior study. The aim of the current study was to explain smoking among students living in dormitories of Golestan University of Medical Sciences based on BASNEF model

In a cross-sectional study, 78 students were recruited through snowball sampling in spring 2011. Data collection instrument was a researcher-designed questionnaire based on the BASNEF model. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics along with independent-t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Smoker roommates (46.2%) and friends (41%) were the most important subjective norms. Easy accessibility (73.1%), easy consumption (67.9%), and cheapness (62.8%) were the most important enabling factors of smoking. In attitude construct, while 30.8% had negative attitudes, 43.6% and 25.6% had respectively neutral and favorable attitudes toward smoking.

Subjective norms and enabling factors are the most important factors in smoking. These factors should be considered in smoking cessation and prevention programs and interventions.

Breast feeding is subject to social and cultural conditions of societies.BASNEF model considered as one of the comprehensive models of behavior study, especially in developing countries. This study was performed to investigate the status of breast feeding during the first two years of infants’ life and its risk factors through BASNEF model structures. In this cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study, 406 mothers of 6-24 months old children were selected by multistage cluster sampling method.Data was collected using a questionnare included five sections based on the BASNEF model structures.Demographic characteristics of studied population were recorded also. The prevalence of breast feeding was 86.4% (351 mothers). 333 mothers (82%) had a good knowledge. There was significant relationship between knowledge and breastfeeding behavior of mothers (P<0.05). 285 mothers (70.2%) had good and very good attitude in this regard. There was no significant relationship between attitude and breastfeeding behavior of mothers (P<0.05).There was significant relationship between breastfeeding behavior of mothers and abstract norms of husbands, mother and mother in low (P<0.05) but it had no significant relationship with capable factors (P>0.05).It was no significant relationship between type of children nutrition and type of delivery, maternal age and number of children (p> 0.05). In addition to knowledge and information of nursing mothers, supports and encouragement of husbands, mother and mother in low as abstract norms of behavior have a positive impact on breastfeeding behavior of mothers. It should be paid more attention to the role of mentioned factors in breast feeding programs.

In Iran, durating the last 20 years, the incidence of drug abuse has been three times more than the rate of population growth.To fight such a problem, the drug request has considerably decreased in recent years, such a procedure includs three main steps as follows: prevention, treatment and loss reduction.In the field of treatment, out patient clinics are providing necessary services to stop drug abuse by the addicts.The reason to take steps to give up drug-abuse is considered an essencial matter of action for stoping addiction it.This research was designed to determine the factors influencing the decision-making stimula in patients referring to out patient drug-stop clinics in northern Khorasan(north of Iran). The research was of a descriptive-analytic nature that investigated addict patients referring to the out-patient drug-stop clinics of northern khorasan province during the second half of 2007. The samples were selected by an easy sampling method. The needed data were gathered using questionnaires on the addict's first visit to the clinic before taking any initial treatment. Besides the demographic, history&type of abuse, style and frequency of addiction,some other factors such as socio-familial, economic, and individual ones were considered. Among all the 387 clients, 343 (88.5%) cases were male and 44 people (11.5%) were female with the mean age of 32.84+9.65 years, while the mean age on starting to abuse drug was 22.87+7.14 years. The most abused drugs included opium, opium nectar, crystal and heroin respectively. On a decreasing order of frequency, 49.6% of the clients showed a positive family history of addiction.The first drug in 56% of the patients had been abused through a suggestion by a friend. In 42% of the cases, the main factor for deciding to stop addiction were their family. Discussion & The most significant factors encouraging the addicts to stop drug-abuse proved to be of economical, social, empowering, and individual ones. The most important barrier factor for resistance to stop addiction seemed to be lack of self-efficiency.