جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فاضلاب" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Fenitrothion is a phosphorus-based pesticide that enters water resources through various sources,including industrial wastewater and agricultural effluent. its non-biodegradability, which results from the formation of strong chemical complexes, advanced oxidation methods are required to remove it from environmental matrices.  This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite functionalized with cerium dioxide in the removal fenitrothion from aqueous solution.

In this applied research, GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was synthesized and subsequently used as a photocatalyst for the removal of Fenitrothion from aqueous solutions. Characterization of GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), SEM-EDX elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) methods. The effects of various parameters, including pH (2-9), photocatalyst dosage (10-40 mg), and contact time (0-90 min), were assessed to determine their influence on fenitrothion removal efficiency. 

The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency increased up to 60 min contact time, 20 mg of photocatalyst. The optimal pH for fenitrothion removal was found to be 4. Additionally, kinetic analysis of the photocatalytic removal process indicated that it followed a pseudo first-order (PFO) model.

The GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 nanocomposite proved to be an effective and accessible photocatalyst for the removal of fenitrothion from industrial wastewater under UV light.

The Management, control, and treatment of industrial wastewater are considered necessary in terms of environment, furthermore the preservation of groundwater sources. The use of scientific, and new methods, which simultaneously lack the technical complexities of advanced purification systems, are evaluated.

The current research is an experimental study with an applied approach on a laboratory scale, carried out in a discontinuous system with the aim of COD removal of dairy wastewater. In this research, the total sample size, and the number of experiments were determined using the response surface method of the central composite design type, and the effects of four factors (pH, nanoparticle dose, contact time, and ultrasound wave intensity) were investigated at three levels in the sonocatalytic process using copper oxide nanoparticles to remove COD of dairy wastewater. The optimal conditions of removal, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model were investigated, furthermore reported.

The comparison between the experimental, and predicted efficiency of COD removal showed that the ANOVA model had an excellent fit to the data. The optimal predicted values of the variables to achieve the highest COD removal efficiency (99.85%) were obtained for pH, nanoparticle dose, contact time, and ultrasound intensity, 10.59, 0.05 g, 60 minutes, and 84.89 kHz, respectively.

It can be concluded that the response surface methodology is an efficient way to decrease the costs of tests; examining the interactions between variables can lead to a better understanding of the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables. Conducting such studies, which test, examine the latest scientific methods in industrial wastewater treatment, is the best solution to gain current knowledge, moreover reduce environmental damage.  Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Water pollution with toxic heavy metals due to industrial wastewater discharge is a global environmental issue. The removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents is a significant concern in the field of water pollution and a serious challenge in reducing water quality. Multiple metals such as nickel, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc are notably toxic. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of pomegranate peel as a cost-effective adsorbent in removing nickel and chromium metals. Pomegranate peels were initially treated with a 0.1 N sulfuric acid solution, and their adsorption capacity was examined. The effect of sulfuric acid on the adsorbent was assessed using CHN, FT-IR, and SEM techniques. The results indicated that the modification of the adsorbent with sulfuric acid was effective in removing chromium and nickel ions from industrial wastewater. Adsorption experiments were carried out at various adsorbent concentrations, times, temperatures, and pH levels. Data analysis revealed that the optimal conditions for nickel ions (II) are a concentration of 4.5 g/L of the adsorbent, pH 6, a temperature of 308.15 K, and a time of 60 minutes. The optimal conditions for chromium ions (VI) are a concentration of 4 g/L of the adsorbent, pH 5.5, a temperature of 300.65 K, and a time of 100 minutes. The research conducted and the results obtained suggest that, considering the potential benefits, the use of this adsorbent for the removal of nickel and chromium in industrial wastewater is a promising and environmentally friendly approach.

Monitoring alcohol consumption in population is very important for planning public health and evaluation of the efficiency of intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to use wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to estimate alcohol consumption in a Kermanshah City and calculate risk assessment using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach.

Raw composite wastewater samples (5 hours) were collected form the entrance of Kermanshah wastewater plant over a 30 days’ period. Ethyl sulfate metabolite was used to measure the alcohol content of the samples, which is excreted in the urine after consuming alcohol by humans and enters into the wastewater collection network. After centrifugation and filtration, the samples were directly injected into the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS for analysis. After calculation of alcohol consumption rate with back-calculation method, the results were used for risk assessment by MOE.

In general, the average amount of alcohol consumption during sampling in the society was 0.332 ml per person of equal age and over 15 years of age (adult) per day, which was equal to 0.121 liters of pure alcohol per person per year. We found no significant difference in the amount of alcohol consumption between the weekend and working days of the week, and also between  sampling days in Ramadan and ordinary  days. In 90% of the samples taken, the risk associated with alcohol consumption was higher than MOE=100 and only in 3 samples the MOE value was in the "risk" category.

The results of this study showed that wastewater-based epidemiology can provide appropriate timely and transisional  information on alcohol use and its associated exposure risks in the community. Also, the amount of alcohol consumption in the population in our study was much lower than those in the European and American countries.

The protozoan Cryptosporidium is an intestinal pathogenic parasite; are more common in hot climates and places where water and sewage treatment is less effective. The aim of this study was to detect Cryptosporidium in raw urban wastewaters entering the Bushehr coastal area. 

In total, 48 samples of urban raw wastewater samples were collected from 8 stations in winter and summer seasones. Wastewater samples were filtered through a 300 μm sieve to re-move large particles and then on a cellulose acetate membrane with a pore size of 1.2 μm. The filters were scraped and washed with 40 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.05% TWEEN and then centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. The freeze-thaw cycles cycles were used for DNA extraction. The level of extracted DNA was measured by NanoDrop (Spectrophotometer, ND1000), and PCR prod-ucts were separated by electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel.

PCR analysis showed out of the 48 samples, 17 samples (35.4%) werepositive PCR amplification by nested PCR in the case of Cryptosporidium spp. In total, 11 and 6 samples were positive in the winter and summer seasons, respectively. 

Local authorities should be aware of probable cryptosporidiosis epidemics between the residents by paying attention to wastewater treatment processes and suitable preventive measures will help reduce the transmission of human and animal cryptosporidiosis.

The purpose of this study was to model a real wastewater treatment plant in operation with GPS-X software. In the following, the verification of the output results of the software was done with the results of the effluent tests of the discussed sewage treatment plant. Then, the rate of return sludge, recycled sludge, and disposed sludge of the wastewater treatment plant was optimized by Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) method, so that it has the greatest effect on the quality of the effluent, especially chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrate (NO3) parameters.

First, using the available data of an operating wastewater treatment plant, the processes of the treatment plant were modeled in the software and the compatibility of the model with the existing treatment plant was checked. After the validation of the software, in order to check the parameters affecting the activated sludge process, including return sludge rate, excess sludge rate, and internal recirculation sludge rate in the treatment of organic matter and nitrogen, COD, NO3, and ammonia parameters were investigated as indicators of pollution. In addition, the MLE process for nitrogen removal was modeled in the software. After performing the modeling by changing the parameters and checking the resulting outputs, the results regarding the effect of increasing the sludge recirculation rate on the COD concentration in the effluent and the effect of increasing and decreasing the internal recirculation rate and the disposal sludge rate on COD removal were examined. In addition, the mutual effect of changes in internal sludge recycling and return sludge and the amount of excess sludge disposal on NO3 removal was shown by different graphs.

In this study, while validating the software, the results of the experiment design showed that the return sludge rate and the internal recirculation rate had mutual effects on each other in the removal of COD and NO3, and in the optimal mode of operation and design, the ratio of 0.54 for return sludge and one-time internal recycling and ratio of 0.021 for disposal sludge had the greatest effect on COD and NO3 removal target efficiency and increasing the effluent quality.

GPS-X software can be used in the modeling and optimization of wastewater treatment processes.

Wastewater is one of the most dangerous and important sources of pathogens and their treatment does not always guarantee the elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Enterococci, as opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, fastidious and cause of nosocomial infections, have a wide environmental distribution and one of the routes of their transmission to humans is water and wastewater. The increasing rate of drug- resistance among bacteria indicates the need for investigation of novel antibacterial agents or their combination effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linezolid in combination with rifampin on the elimination of multidrug- resistant enterococci in two treatment plants in Golestan province. 

Enterococcus species from eighty samples were isolated from treatment plants in two cities of the Golestan Province (North of Iran) including Gorgan and Bandar-e Torkaman during January-June 2021. The isolates were identified based on the most probable number (MPN), filtration, microbiological tests and finally by using specific gene detection by ddlE primer with polymerase chain reaction. Kirby Bauer performed an antibiotic resistance pattern according to CLSI- 2020 guidelines for six classes of antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration of linezolid was determined individually and by synergist effect with rifampin by broth microdilution method. 

After phenotypic and molecular diagnosis (PCR) of raw and treated wastewater samples, in 32 (40%) wastewater samples, enterococci species were identified and confirmed. Tetracycline was the least effective so, about 100% of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to it. The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E. faecalis was 11%. A total of 20 enterococcal isolates (62.5%) had multiple resistance. The concentration of linezolid in combination with rifampin, which inhibited 90% growth of the isolates (MIC90) was 1μg /ml, four-fold lower than linezolid alone (MIC90=4 μg/ml). In addition, none of the enterococci isolates showed resistance to the linezolid/rifampin combination (P=0.001).

The results of this research confirmed the presence of enterococci resistant to vancomycin and other antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant samples in Golestan province. The favorable combination effect of linezolid and rifampin on the inhibition of multi-drug resistant isolates implies their synergy.

In recent years, an outbreak of a new coronavirus, scientifically known as SARS-CoV-2, has led to a worldwide new infectious disease called Covid-19. Based on some reports, this virus stays after infection in the feces and consequently in the wastewater up to seven months, so examining its presence in the wastewater can be useful to understand how the disease is distributed in different parts of the city or region. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different parts of the Shahroud city wastewater collection network and treatment plant.

The 35 wastewater samples were collected from different partsof the wastewater collection network and wastewater treatment plant of Shahroud city. The samples were immediately transferred to the SARS-CoV-2 reference laboratory and concentrated by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. After extraction of the virus genome, the viral genome was amplified to check the presence of this virus by PCR method.

The results showed that 11 of the 35 wastewater collected samples were positive. All samples taken from the influent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant were positive. Also, except for one, in all of the samples taken from the effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant and Imam Hossein (AS) Hospital wastewater plant, coronavirus was observed. However, only one sample taken from the wastewater collection network of Shahroud city was positive.

Due to the confirmation of the presence of Coronavirus in the wastewater collection network and treatment plant, regular monitoring of municipal wastewater is recommended to predict the spread of a new wave of disease in the community.

Viral infections have caused various diseases and deaths worldwide. In recent years, the emergence of the coronavirus has caused severe respiratory tract infections and led to a global concern. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of various disinfectants that have been used to control the coronavirus.

The present study is a systematic review. Data was collected through searching articles in databases, including Springer, Google Scholar, Prospero, Cochrane, ISI, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, and DOAJ. After searching and collecting articles related to the goal, the articles were categorized. The required data were extracted and finally analyzed.

The review of various studies showed that the coronavirus could remain infectious on inanimate surfaces for 9 days. Also, some studies have reported the presence of the coronavirus in feces. The articles' findings revealed that the coronavirus infectivity on surfaces is reduced by 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide, and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite at 1 min. Also, the coronavirus in septic tank wastewater is inactivated by 800 to 6700 g/m3 of sodium hypochlorite at a contact time of 1.5 hours. In addition, the coronavirus in air aerosols is reduced under UVC radiation by 5 logs at 4 to 9 seconds.

Effective drugs and vaccines have been made for the covid-19 disease to date. However, due to the unexpected mutations of the coronavirus, identifying disinfectants effective in removing different strains of the coronavirus from different surfaces and environments can be a suitable measure to prevent the spread of the covid-19 disease.

Estrogens are one of the micropollutants in the wastewater which have detrimental effects on water living organisms. There are many reports documenting the adverse effects of estrogen hormones, such as feminization of fish, in the environment. One of the major sources of these compounds is municipal wastewater effluents. The biological processes at municipal wastewater treatment plants cannot completely remove these compounds. Therefore, a method for the treatment of hormones is needed. The ultrasonic method is an effective process for elimination of micropollutants. This study aimed to model and optimize the removal of two hormones [estrone (E1) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2)] from the wastewater by ultrasound method using artificial neural network (ANN) with genetic algorithm (GA) approach.

A literature review was performed from years 2000 to 2021 and the results of related studies were applied for modeling. A two-layer Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Neural Network (FFBPNN) model was designed. Various training algorithms were evaluated and the Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm was selected as the best one.

Existence of 12 neurons in the hidden layer led to the highest correlation coefficient (r) and the lowest mean squared error (MSE (and mean absolute error (MAE). The results of the GA determined the optimum performance conditions. Therefore, increasing in pH and power density increased the efficiency of removing hormones from the wastewater.

Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed using ANN-GA and Spearman correlation, and the results were completely compatible.

The development of wastewater treatment facilities has increased concern over their energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Energy consumption is the main source of carbon emissions in wastewater treatment plants. The environmental impact of energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants can be reduced through different strategies, such as use of renewable energy sources.

Solar trickling filter pilot was designed and studied at Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. wastewater was provided from the fish pool effluent. Results of project were analyzed with Retscreen Software.

The mean removal of BOD5, COD, TC and TSS were 90%, 69%, 92% and 53%, respectively. The removal efficiency of BOD5, COD and TSS decreased with increasing organic and hydraulic loading rate and cloudiness. Pilot activity reduces about 0.1 tons of CO2 emissions per year. pilot was not economically feasible due to its small size.

solar trickling filter system is associated with problems such as cloudiness, dust accumulation on the plates, sudden electric motor interruption due to battery drain and so on, however, its efficiency was optimal and expected to expand in industrial scale in Iran with high sunny days.

Microbial electro-Fenton system as a novel technology can be employed in removal of resistant organic pollutants along with generation of renewable electrical energy through the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. This study aimed at investigating the performance of this process in treatment of synthetic wastewater containing tetracycline and generation of electricity in different electrical circuit conditions.

In this experimental study, a two-chambered microbial electro-Fenton reactor equipped with anodic and cathodic carbon felt electrodes and Nafion membrane, along with 2000 mg/L substrate and anaerobic sludge as inoculum in anodic chamber and 10 mg/L tetracycline in cathodic chamber was used in open, closed, and short circuit conditions. The effect of electrical circuit type on the removal efficiency of tetracycline and generation of electrical energy was investigated during the operation of the reactor.

Microbial electro-Fenton system was found to be more efficient in removal of tetracycline in short circuit condition due to improved generation of current density. In this study, 260 mV and 93.13 mW/m2 in current density of 695 mA/m2 were obtained in short circuit conditions.

The study showed that the microbial electro-Fenton system can be utilized as a suitable method in removal of various pharmaceutical contaminants from wastewater while producing renewable and clean energy in open, closed, and short electrical circuits.

Water can be a carrier environment for pathogens or provide the conditions for the spread of a disease or various infectious cases. Covid-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 12 March 2020. The main routes of transmission of the virus are through drapelet and individual transmission, although recent research confirms the presence of viral RNA in wastewater and thus, further studies on wastewater as a possible source of virus transmission are needed to understand the epidemiology of the virus and methods for its diagnosis and quantification. The presence of the sewage virus could be a warning sign for the re-emergence of Covid 19 in cities. Isolation of sewage wells and in general, care for the entry of water containing virus into water sources will play an important role in controlling the virus. This article reviewed recent articles on the possibility of the presence and transmission of viruses, especially coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), through wastewater, as well as the various methods available for extracting viral RNA and identifying it in wastewater samples. A variety of methods for concentrating viral samples has also been examined to find the best method used to concentrate Covid 19.

Detection of virus in sewage, even if the prevalence of Covid 19 is low, it indicates that sewage monitoring can be a way to monitor the circulation of the virus in the community.

As pharmaceutically active compounds (particularly antibiotics) are known emerging contaminants (EC), their occurrence in the environment has high health risks for the living organisms and the public. The effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is the most important source of residues of these compounds in the environment. The urban wastewater of Bandar Abbas is discharged into the marine environment of the Persian Gulf at the rate of 500 to 700 L/s, which could be a potential source of pharmaceutical contamination for the marine ecosystem.

In this research, two main wastewater discharge stations at Gursuzan and Suru were sampled during three phases between December 2020 to February 2021. The concentration of Erythromycin residues, as the first antibiotic clinically used to treat human infections, was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.

Data analysis showed that mean (± 95% CI) concentration of Erythromycin in Suru and Gorsuzan stations were 16 ± 1.53 and 19 ± 5.86 μg/L, respectively; which their differences did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Pooled data also indicated that the wastewater discharge contained 13.2 to 23.50 μg/L of Erythromycin (α=0.05). Considering the discharge of high volume of Bandar Abbas wastewater effluent into the Persian Gulf (500-700 L/s) as well as the data obtained from this study, the results of the simulation model showed that 5184×104 L Bandar Abbas municipal wastewater is discharged into the Persian Gulf marine ecosystem daily. This volume contains 0.877×103-1.02×103 g active residues of Erythromycin antibiotic (α=0.05).

The present study is the first report of contamination of residues of medicinal compounds into the Marine Environment of the Persian Gulf by urban wastewater. Regarding the high volume of wastewater discharged, which calls for immediate actions to be taken.

Enterococci are members of human and animal gastrointestinal tract normal microbiota that enter the environment via sewage and can survive for a long period of time. These bacteria have the ability to acquire resistance to different classes of antibiotics and play an important role in spread of vancomycin resistance among Gram positive cocci. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of different enterococcal species in sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Isfahan.

During 2018 and 2019 sampling was carried out from incoming raw sewage, sludge and effluent of 2 sewage treatment plants in Isfahan. Samples were prepared and cultured on M-Enterococcus agar supplemented with vancomycin and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Selected colonies were identified as enterococcus genus using common biochemical tests and at the species level by multiplex-PCR assay using specific primers. Antibiotic resistance of strains to penicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin was determined according to the guidelines of CLSI. The presence of vanA-vanG genes among the strains was assessed using multiplex-PCR assay.

A total of 80 vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) strains were identified in which 96 and 4% were Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. All strains showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, and none of the strains were resistant to linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Moreover, 5 antibiotic resistance patterns were identified among the isolates and all strains were resistant to at least 4 antibiotics. All VRE strains were only positive for vanA gene and the other resistance genes were not detected.

The high prevalence of multiresistant VRE strains in effluent of STPs in Isfahan indicating the low efficiency of sewage treatment process for removing of antibiotic resistant bacteria

Recently, microplastics (MPs) have been found in the aquatic and terrestrial environments, air, and food. Other pollutants can be transported by MPs and pose a threat to the human, animal, and environment. Measurement and evaluation of microplastics can either increase knowledge about them or boost understanding of their possible harmful effects. However, no standard method has been established to measure microplastics and the measurement of microplastics has been done by various methods in different published studies. The aim of current study was to investigate different methods of measuring microplastics in water and wastewater environment and identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these methods.

The present review study was conducted during the winter 2021, by searching the papers cited in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using the keywords "Microplastic", "Water", "Drinking-water", "Wastewater", "Surface", "Bottled-water" and "Marine" and selecting articles published between 2015 and 2021 in reputable journals.

The main stages of MPs measuring in various studies included sampling and sieving, pretreatment and digestion, density separation, counting and Identification of MPs by their chemical composition.

Digestion using H2O2, density separation using NaCl, counting by stereomicroscope, and Spectroscopy using FTIR and micro-RAMAN are the most widely used methods in the studies related to detecting MPs in water and wastewater environment. However, different methods of measuring and identifying microplastics have made comparing the results of studies difficult and it seems that efforts should be made to standardize these methods.

Adenoviruses and enteroviruses as intestinal viruses are detected in wastewater. Fecal shedding of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported in some studies. Therefore, determining the presence of these viruses in wastewater is important to maintain public health and helps in predicting and preventing viral infections in a community.

In this analytical study, 24 raw wastewater samples were taken from two municipal wastewater treatment plants and viral nucleic acids were extracted. Finally, the presence of adenovirus was detected by real-time PCR, and SARS-CoV-2 and enterovirus were detected using RT Real-time PCR.

Nine (37.5%) samples were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. Also, 19 (79%) and 6 (6%) samples showed the presence of adenovirus and enterovirus, respectively.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2, enterovirus, and adenovirus in wastewater samples indicated the prevalence of viral infections in the community served by two wastewater treatment plants studied. The presence of viruses in wastewater shows that monitoring of wastewater could be used as an important tool for the survey of viral infections in the community.

Since many plants have high efficiency in absorbing heavy elements, the use of phytoremediation is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to identify native plants that absorb heavy metals. Also, the possibility of using them in phytoremediation technology in soils contaminated with heavy metals (around the petrochemical industry of Razi fertilizer in Tehran province) was investigated according to the transfer factor.

This is a library and laboratory research, in which, first sampling of wastewater and plants contaminated with sewage of Razi fertilizer petrochemical industry was done. Secondly, the concentration of heavy elements of lead, zinc and cadmium was measured. Then, healthy plants which were not contaminated with the wastewater of Rzai fertilizer petrochemical industry were exposed to the wastewater of this industry and the transfer factor was calculated for all three elements.

The results showed that Achillea willhelmsii, Stipa barbata, and Aconthophyllum microcephallam had the highest concentration of heavy metals uptake with concentrations of 103.7, 237.3 and 0.9 mg / kg, for lead, Zinc and cadmium respectively and are good options for refining soil in the area. Heavy metal transfer factor was also higher in Aconthophyllum microcephallam, Amaranthus retrofiexus and Achillea willhelmsii compared to others.

The aerial parts of plants had a great ability to absorb heavy elements compared to their roots. Adsorption concentration and transfer factor of heavy elements absorbed by healthy plants and contaminated with wastewater were different. Healthy plants had a high ability to absorb heavy elements.

Due to population growth and subsequent limited water resources, the use of treatment plant effluents is of particular importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the environmental effects of the treatment plant and also to identify critical points or weaknesses of the treatment plant system and provide corrective action to reduce the severity of the effects.

After visiting the research institute and collecting data (during the years 2017-2018), the energy, consuming materials and output of the system were calculated using the life cycle assessment method. Finally, information on the spread of pollution and consumption was included in the list of index effects. To analyze the obtained information, Simapro software (using ILCD 2011 Midpoint V1.03 method) version 8.5.0.0. was applied.

Based on the research findings, the software depicted the evaluation of the effects in 13 categories and all the information entered in the software according to the impact, has participated in each category of effects, the most effective factors related to chloride, energy consumption and oil.

The results of this study show that the main critical point identified in the treatment plant is related to electricity and the sanitary effluent is in a worse condition than the industrial effluent. However, the environmental impact of industrial effluents should not be neglected. Due to the fact that the MBR (Memberane Bio Reactor) method is considered as one of the best methods of wastewater treatment, it is not recommended to change the treatment method, but with continuous monitoring and management of the system, it is possible to reduce the consumption of raw materials.