جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « لیکن پلان دهانی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) have similar clinical andhistopathological features but are with different etiology and treatment. Therefore, their differentiatingis of interest. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in OLP development has been reported in previousstudies, but its role in development of OLLs has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study aimsto investigate the presence of HPV16 in OLL and OLP.

This retrospective study was performed on 21 paraffin blocks of OLP and 15paraffin blocks of OLL collected from the archive section of the Department of Pathology, Faculty ofDentistry, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan branch in Isfahan, Iran in 2017. For the confirmation of DNAextraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, β-globin gene expression was examinedusing The samples were tested for the presence of HPV16 genome by PCR. Data were analyzed using chisquare,Fisher’s exact test, and independent t-test.

The prevalence of HPV16 was 0% in the OLP group and 6.7% (1 out of 15) in the OLL group.Fisher’s exact test did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

There is no significant association between HPV16 infection and having OLL and OLP. Furtherstudies with more samples are recommended.

Oral lichen planus is a relatively common chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease in which altered cellular mediated immune response plays a major role in its pathogenesis. Among the possible factors influencing development of oral lichen planus, the role of mental disorders, especially depression and anxiety, has been discussed in pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with oral lichen planus referred to the dental clinic of Isfahan University in year 2018-2019.

In the present case-control study, 40 patients with oral lichen planus referred to the dental clinic of Isfahan University in 2018-2019 (case group) and 40 subjects without oral lichen planus (control group) were investigated. Next, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was completed by all subjects. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using statistical software.

The obtained results indicated that the average age in case group (43.53 years) was lower than the control group (44.68 years). In addition, the mean for depression in case group (12.78) was higher than control group (9.5), however, this difference was not statistically significant (p value > 0.05).

In general, this study indicated the role of depression in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. It was noted that high levels of depression can be an initiation point for various autoimmune reactions and oral lichen planus.

There are clinical and histopathological similaritie between lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLL) but they have different treatment approaches. The present study examined the correlation between clinical and histopathological findings in lichen planus and oral lichenoid reaction based on modified WHO diagnostic criteria in order to evaluate using these criteria in differentiating these lesions.

In this retrospective descriptive study, information, including clinical characteristics, age, sex, and histopathological characteristics were extracted from the clinical records of 101 OLP cases and 49 OLL cases. The paraffin block of biopsies was removed from the archives in pathology department and the prepared incision was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The slides were examined by a pathologist and histopathological characteristics were recorded in a checklist. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, kappa score, Chi-square, and independent sample t-test.

According to the 1978 diagnostic criteria, the agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis was 98.79% in OLP and 69.57% in OLL (P<0.001). According to the Modified WHO diagnostic criteria, the agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis was 99% in OLP and 71.43% in OLL (P<0.001).

In diagnosis of lichen planus and oral lichenoid reaction, there is a higher clinicopathologic correlation based on the modified WHO diagnostic criteria compared with the 1978 diagnostic criteria. Therefore, it is suggested to be used in clinical and histopathological investigations.

According to the possible role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the incidence of oral lichen planus lesions, it seems necessary to evaluate it in patients with Oral Lichen Planus (OLP).

The present study aims to investigate the level of VEGF in patients with OLP.

In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the search was conducted in online databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Data were analyzed in Stata14 software at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and using a random effect model. The standardized mean difference was used to measure the difference in VEGF level between the two groups of controls and OLP. Data heterogeneity was quantified by I2 index.

There was no significant difference between the two groups in the VEGF  (Standardized mean difference= 0.46, 95% CI: -2.13,-3.05, P=0.730) and I2 index showed a significant heterogeneity among the results of studies (I2=97.9%). Based on the results of immunohistochemistry, there was a significant difference in the VEGF level between the two groups (Standardized mean difference= 3.30, 95% CI: 6.25,-0.36), but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant using ELISA method (P=0.530).

The VEGF level in patients with OLP is higher than in healthy people. Therefore, the serum factors which indicate VEGF should be considered as an effective risk factor of OLP.

Lichen planus management requires introducing effective local herbal ingredients and cost-effective treatments with fewer side effects compared with corticosteroids. Due to current condition and restrictions in making chemical drugs this study was done to investigate the effect of curcumin on oral lichen planus.

In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 28 patients with oral lichen planus were selected sequentially and were randomly divided into an intervention group and a placebo group (n= 14 per group). Patients in intervention group received topical corticosteroid, antifungal medication, and one Sina Curcumin capsule for a month. In placebo group, the patients were given corticosteroid, antifungal medication, and one placebo capsule for the same duration.

There were significant differences in appearance of lesions and pain before treatment (P=0.227 and P=0.769, respectively), two weeks after treatment (P=0.031 and P= 0.0497), and four weeks after treatment (P=0.0001 and P= 0.019). Lesion size did not show significant differences between the two groups before (P=0.349), two weeks after (P=0.213), and four weeks after treatment (P=0.123).

In the present study, pain and appearance of lesions improved in intervention group but lesion size was not found to improve significantly. According to current study, curcumin can be considered as an effective agent in treatment of oral lichen planus.

Oral lichen planus is a chronic
muco-cutaneous immunopathological disorder that commonly affects the oral mucosa. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen associated with oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 810 nm low power laser wavelength as an adjuvant in the treatment of
nystatin-resistant C.albicans in patients with oral lichen planus.

In this experimental study, 5 nystatin-resistant C.albicans were isolated from the oral cavity of patients with ulcerative lichen planus. Drug susceptibility testing was performed based on CLSI-M27-A3 and showed that these isolates were resistant to nystatin. The fungal suspension with a dilution of 0.5 McFarland was exposed to a diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm and a density energy of 20.38 j / cm2 with a time of 20 seconds. Then the results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were recorded for each group. 

810 nm laser caused a significant reduction in nystatin-resistant C.albicans colonies (P<0.001). The MIC did not decrease significantly after the exposure. 

Laser irradiation reduces the number of nystatin-resistant C.albicans colonies. But this effect does not necessarily change the MIC. Dentists should be aware that in cases of resistant Candida strains, a low-power diode laser with a wavelength of 810 nm can play a role in reducing colonies and responding better to standard treatment.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease with an immunological base involving mucosal skin. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are still unknown. Zinc is one of the most essential elements needed by the body that acts as a cell membrane stabilizer and is necessary for boosting the immune system. Due to very limited studies with conflicting results, the present study was performed to compare serum zinc levels in patients having erosive and atrophic oral lichen planus with healthy individuals.

This case-control study was conducted on two groups (n=20 each), including patients with erosive and atrophic oral lichen planus and healthy volunteer subjects being similar in age and gender to the case group. After selecting patients based on the criteria for admission and obtaining informed consent from the candidates, individuals were referred to the Blood Transfusion Organization for the evaluation of zinc levels in the blood. The test results were then examined and delivered to the patient. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the data.

The mean age scores of the participants in the case and control groups were obtained as 46.7±16.9 and 41.5±10.1 years, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P=0.056). In the case and control groups, 6 and 5 individuals were men, respectively, and the rest participants were women in both groups. The mean serum zinc levels were estimated at 84.21±19.6 and 76.9±20.8 µg/dl in the case and control groups, respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference with the Mann-Whitney test (P=0.2).

Despite lower serum zinc levels in patients with erosive and atrophic oral lichen planus, this element was still within normal limits and appeared not to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion(OLL) are suggested as premalignant lesions capable of transforming into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, their malignant potential is a matter of controversy. Since alterations in the cell proliferation and apoptosis are indicators of malignant transformation the aim of this study was to investigate apoptotic and mitotic indexes in lichen planus, lichenoid lesion and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity by using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining.

Apoptotic index (AI) and mitotic index (MI) were determined in H&E slides of 20 cases of epithelial hyperplasia (group A), 29 cases of OLP (group B), 13 cases of OLL (group C) and 28 cases of OSCC (group D).

There was a significant difference in AI and MI among the four groups (p˂0.001). Pairwise comparison of the groups showed only insignificant difference in AI between group B and groups C(P=0.52). There was no significant difference in MI between group B and group C, between group B and group A as well as between group C and group A (p>0.05).

The results of the present study revealed that apoptotic and mitotic indexes in OLP and OLL were significantly less than that of OSCC possibly due to the different nature of OLP and OLL. Although, it seems that these results did not indicate occurrence of malignant transformation in OLP and OLL. Further and more comprehensive studies are required to reach a definitive conclusion in this regard.

Apoptotic indexe (AI) and mitotic indexe (MI) were determined in H&E slides belong to 20 cases of epithelial hyperplasia (A group), 29 cases of OLP (B group), 13 cases of OLL (C group) and 28 cases of OSCC (D group).

There was a significant difference in AI and MI among the four studied groups (p˂0.001). In bilaterally comparison of groups; AI difference between two groups of B and C(P=0.52) was insignificant merely. Additionally, MI difference between groups of B and C, between B and A as well as between C and A (p>0.05) were insignificant.

The results of the present study revealed that apoptotic and mitotic indexes in OLP and OLL were significantly less than that of OSCC possibly due to different nature of these two lesions from OSCC. Although, it seems that these results do not suggest a malignant transformation in OLP and OLL further and more comprehensive studies are required for a definitive conclusion in this regard.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common chronic diseases of oral cavity without any definitive cause and can involve 1-2% of the population.  Treatment of the symptomatic patients is challenging. Despite a variety of treatments, many routine treatment protocols fail. Treatment by laser beam can be an appropriate alternative method in the treatment of OLP.

A 43 year old woman presented with chief complaint of ulcers and burning sensation (visual analogue scale = 7) on the dorsal and lateral surface of the left side of her tongue from one year ago. The patient previously had used topical corticosteroids but she discontinued her medication 3 months ago due to lack of complete improvement of burning sensation of the tongue and prolongation of the treatment.  Skin and other mucosal surfaces had not been involved and the patient had no systemic problems. The patient was not taking any medication currently. No amalgam restoration was observed next to the lesion. In general no specific etiological factor was found. Incisional biopsy was performed for histopathological examination. Clinical symptoms and histopathologic findings led to definitive diagnosis of OLP . Topical steroids were given but the burning sensation of the tongue did not completely resolve and recurrence was observed upon discontinuation of the drug. At the next step we injected triamcinolone acetonide into erosive and atrophic mucosa which resulted to disappearance of the patient's symptoms. But after one month the symptoms recurred. At the third step lichenoid lesions with burning sensation were exposed to Nd-YAG laser with the power of 2.5W and wavelength of 1064nm.

During a two-month follow-up period, the patient was completely asymptomatic (VAS = 0). No mucosal lesions were seen on examination.

This study showed that laser can be used in the treatment of OLP as an alternative therapeutic method when there is drug resistance or steroids are contraindicated.

Lichen planus is a relatively common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Dyslipidemia caused by chronic inflammation results in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques which is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. There is a dearth of studies with conflicting results in this regard; therefore, the present study aimed to compare the lipid profile as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease between patients with oral lichen planus and healthy people. This case-control study was conducted in 2019. Firstly, the aim of the study was explained to the patients and written consent was obtained. Thereafter, the patients' blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were recorded in the data collection form. The patients were referred to the laboratory to check their cholesterol (HDL, LDL) and triglyceride levels. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) using the Mann-Whitney U test to analyze the data and compare the indicators in the two groups. The mean age scores of the participants were obtained at 46.7±16.9 and 41.5±10.1 years in the Liken Plan oral and control groups, respectively, and they did not differ significantly (P=0.59). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of LDL and HDL, and the rates of LDL and HDL were higher in healthy people and OLP patients (P=0.036 and P=0.04, respectively); nonetheless, they were in the normal range in both groups. Dyslipidemia was normal in patients with OLP, and oral lichen planus did not appear to be a single risk factor for dyslipidemia.

Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory function. The role of vitamin D deficiency has been established in the development of many types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic autoimmune in oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the serum and salivary levels of total vitamin 25 (OH) D3 in patients with the OLP and to assess the relationship between vitamin levels and salivary flow rate.

The blood samples, unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected from 64 patients with the OLP and 45 healthy subjects. The 25(OH) D3 levels measured by ELISA technique. The salivary flow rate was also measured in milliliters per minute.

The level of vitamin D3 in unstimulated and stimulated saliva of the OLP patients significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0.001, p = 0.01 respectively). There was no significant relationship between the serum level of vitamin D3 in the OLP and control groups (p = 0.11). No significant relationship was found between serum and salivary vitamin D levels with salivary flow rate. No significant correlation was found between salivary and serum levels of vitamin D, but the severity and pain score were negatively correlated with vitamin D levels.

Lower levels of salivary 25 (OH) D3 in the OLP patients than the healthy subjects can be an effective factor in the development of this disease. Conspicuously, saliva seems to be a more accurate tool for measuring vitamin D than serum.

Deficiency in the complement system can lead to some autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of C3 and C4 complements in unstimulated saliva of individuals with oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy subjects.

In this case-control study, 31 healthy individuals and 31 patients with OLP entered the study. The values of C3 and C4, were measured using immunoturbidimetric method, and statistical analysis of data was carried out by t- and ROC tests.

The mean concentrations of C3 and C4 in unstimulated saliva in patients with OLP, were significantly lower than the control group. The C4 cut-off point was obtained to distinguish patients from healthy individuals, 0.78 mg/dL with a sensitivity of 76 and a specificity of 55.

The levels of C3 and C4 complement proteins were low in OLP. Therefore, it seems that these complements are involved in the pathogenesis of OLP and may be considered as potential biological markers for the diagnosis of OLP.

Lichen planus is a mucocutaneouse inflammatory disease. Its complications including the formation of ulcers, irritation and discomfort, and the possibility of malignancy. In previous studies, no definite treatment for desquamative gingivitis due to lichen planus has been reported and different treatments have different results. According to importance of the subject, the main aim of this study was pressenting a special curative method for this disease.

 A 45-year-old woman was referred to a dental clinic with a complaint of sorness of her gingiva that was resistant to the routine treatment. The patient was systemically healthy. In the intraoral examination, white and red lesions were observed in the mucous membranes of the cheek and tongue. According to the presence of the lines of wikham, the diagnosis of lichen plan was introduced. The gums also had a desquamative gingivitis. Some calculus and plaque were also seen in the examination. Initially, the presence of dysplasia was role out by coloring Toluidian Blue. The patient was then referred to periodontitist and treated with scaling, root planling and accurate health education. In order to control the lesions in the cheek and tongue, the patient was asked to take a triamcinolone daily and for more resistant gum lesions, apply hydrocortisone ointment twice a day for 5 minutes. The patient was re-examined after one, two and three weeks, and a clear recovery from the first week began and resolved until the third week.

Conclusively, the administration of corticosteroids using the Terry method is a suitable method for treating desquamative gingivitis caused by lichen planus.

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with unknown etiology. One of the most common manifestations of patients with oral lichen planus is gingival involvement in the form of generalized erythematous areas. The aim of this study was to review the articles evaluating the role of plaque control on the gingival manifestations of oral lichen planus. Motor searches of Ovid Medline and EM base databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched for article published between January 1990 and December 2017 using of relevant key words. After reviewing the abstracts of articles, 20 full articles were selected and among them, 7 relevant articles were reviewed in this study. From the literature, it was concluded that effective plaque control is the main part of lesions treatment and improvement of symptoms and gingival manifestations of oral Lichen planus.

Lichen planus is a mucocutaneus disorder with oral complications such as ulceration, soreness, and discomfort and malignancy transformation risk. Previous studies on the relationship between oral lichen planus (OLP) and thyroid problems had inconsistent results. Considering the importance of the subject, the purpose of this study was to investigate this relationship. This cross-sectional study was performed on 12,000 records in the Archives of Shahid Sadoghy Dental Faculty (Yazed, Iran) from 2004 to 2014 with convenience sampling method. The patients were divided into four groups, based on OLP and thyroid disease. Correspondingly, inclusion criteria included 18-60 years of age, the absence of other systemic and mucosal diseases and other thyroid diseases (other than hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism). Among 542 subjects included in the study, 31.4% of patients with hypothyroidism and 37.5% of hyperthyroidism patients and 20.8% of the normal people were diagnosed with OLP. No significant relationship was found between thyroid disease and patients with OLP and also between lichen planus and sex. However, the relationship between age and OLP was significant increasing by 1.7 times for each year. In this study, there has not found any significant relationship between OLP and thyroid disease and sex, but increasing age had a clear effect on the risk of OLP. Considering the significance of both diseases, other studies with more sample sizes are recommended.

Oral lichen planus of chronic mucosal inflammatory disease with etiology is unknown. There is evidence that thyroid disease, especially hypothyroidism, is associated with oral lichen planus based on immunologic pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral lichen planus and related factors in thyroid patients referred to Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute of Iran University in 2017_2018 In this cross-sectional study, 1200 individuals with a definitive diagnosis of thyroid disease at Endocrinology and Metabolism Center of Iran University were surveyed and the existing information form was completed for them. Patients were examined in the light of a flashlight and with the help of this dentist. In case of observation, oral licorice was recorded in the form of information. The data were analyzed by SPSS19 and KAIO. A study was conducted on 1,200 thyroid patients, of which 995 (83%) had hypothyroidism and 205 (17%) had hyperthyroidism, of which 1016 female patients (84.7%) had hyperthyroidism. And 184 male patients (15.3%). Of these, 63 (5.3%) patients had oral lichen planus, with a frequency of reticular type of 47.6%, a type of papule 22.2%, a type of plaque type 17.5% and an atrophic, erosive and atrophic type % They were. . Given the prevalence of oral lichen planus, its true level in society is estimated at 95% of at least 4% to 6.6%. In patients with thyroid problems, the frequency of oral lichen planus with female sex (P <0.05), age 57 (P <0.001), cigarette smoking (P <0.02), skin lichen planus (01 (P <0.05), levothyroxine consumption (P <0.05) and no drug use for other systemic diseases (P <0.02). The incidence of lichen planus in patients with thyroid disease in this study was slightly higher than the usual oral lichen planus in the usual population.

The erosive and ulcerative forms of Oral lichen planus causes pain and irritation, affects the nutrition and biological quality of the patient. Considering the high prevalence of the disease, the complications of conventional treatments and the resistance to classical drug therapy, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of infrared low level laser and triamcinolone acetonide mouth rinse on treatment of oral lichen planus lesions.
In this double blind clinical trial, 24 patients were selected randomly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups of 12. Before and after the study, pain and burning sensation index (VAS), apparent shape and score of the lesion and size of the lesion were recorded in the patients. We treated the first group with low level infrared laser (810 nm) twice a week with 0.5-2 j/cm2 energy density and 300 mW/cm2 power density up to a maximum of 10 sessions. For the second group, we prescribed a mouth rinse of triamcinolone acetonide 0.2% four times a day with antifungal drugs for a month. Then, the study`s criteria were recorded after the completion of treatment. All data were statistically analyzed using the repeated measure ANOVA test to compare the quantitative changes over time, The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the rank variables between two groups at any time and Friedman test for each group between different times.
There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of severity of pain (P=0.255), score and size (P=0.186), and appearance (P=0.178) of the lesions among two groups. Although the two groups showed a significant decrease in all three indicators.
Considering that in both groups, all three indices were improved and these improvements were similar, it seems that laser therapy can be effective. It could be used as a therapeutic alternative in treating patients with OLP (Oral Lichen Planus) especially in cases with contraindication in corticosteroid administration or lack of appropriate therapeutic response or when there is resistance to treatment.

In 1978 WHO (World health organization) formulated a histopathological definition for diagnosis of OLP (oral lichen planus). Previous studies showed that diagnosis of OLP with these criteria are not reproducible. In 2003 Van der Meij et al. represented new clinical and histopathologic definition for diagnosis of OLP known as modified WHO criteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histopathological assessment of OLP based on the modified WHO criteria.
Fifty five microscopic slides which OLP and OLL (Oral Lichenoid Lesion) were recognized in their clinical differential diagnosis were given to 6 pathologists in two phases with 3 months interval. Each reviewing pathologist was asked to apply the modified WHO definition of OLP and to categorize each case as either OLP, or compatible with OLP. Then, the interobserver and intraobserver variability were assessed by calculation of repeatability coefficient and Kappa statistics.
The results of this study demonstrated that interobserver variability based on modified WHO criteria was 0.77 (strong), while the intraobserver variability varied from 0.58 (moderate) to 0.82 (strong).
In the present study, the interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histopathologic assessment of OLP based on modified WHO criteria was stronger than previous studies which assessed WHO criteria. However, in order to propose the replacement of WHO criteria with modified WHO criteria, further studies with more cases and comparing the two methods is required.

Vitamin D is a secosteroid (pro)-hormone with multiple systematic effects, including the regulation of the immune system. Serum vitamin D level affects the progression of some diseases, such as psoriasis and oral cancer. The study aimed to measure the serum vitamin D level in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), which is an autoimmune and precancerous disease.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 66 patients with OLP and 30 healthy individuals. In addition, serum vitamin D level was measured by ELISA method, and data analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U and t-test.
In this research, 26 (39.4%) patients with OLP had vitamin D deficiency and 31 (47.0%) subjects had an insufficient vitamin D level. On the other hand, 9 (30.0%) and 15 (50%) of the participants in the control group had vitamin D deficiency and insufficient vitamin D level, respectively. According to the results, no significant relationship was observed in the study groups regarding serum vitamin D levels. However, a reverse and significant correlation was found between age and vitamin D deficiency in the subjects (P=0.015).
According to the results of the study, low serum vitamin D levels were observed in a high percentage of patients with OLP. Given the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the society, extended research is required to evaluate the impact of this deficiency on pathogenesis of the disease.

Background and BCL-2 marker has an important role in mechanisms of apoptosis and dysplastic changes, malignancies, and the pathogenicity mechanisms in oral lichen planus (OLP). Current study aimed at investigating the expression levels of BCL-2 in epithelial and connective tissue adjacent in oral lichen planus.
In this case-control study, investigation of BCL-2 expression was performed in paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 20 cases of OLP (cases) and 20 cases of irritation fibroma (control) obtained from the Archives of Pathology Department in Dental School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Data was analyzed using SPSS V17 applying Chi-Square test and Fisher's exact test. The results were considered significant for a significance level of α=0.05.
There was no statistically significant difference in BCL-2 expression in the basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium between the two groups (P>0.05), but the difference was statistically significant for the connective tissue (P=0.0001).
This study showed that BCL-2 protein may not play an important role in the process of apoptosis in OLP, so, further investigations on other proteins in this process is recommended.