جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ملانوم » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the second cause of cancer-related death among people. This disease is the rarest and most malignant type of skin cancer. In advanced conditions, it has the ability to spread to internal organs and can lead to death. In Iran, for several years, significant data about melanoma have been collected either manually or electronically, due to its prevalence and the high costs it leaves on the country's healthcare system, but despite these valuable data, the health system is still unaware of the high potential of data mining in predicting the survival of patients with melanoma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design an intelligent system to predict the survival of these patients.

This study was practical in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical and retrospective in terms of method. The research population consisted of patients with melanoma cancer from the database of the National Cancer Research Center affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University, located in Tajrish Martyrs Hospital, Tehran, Iran (between 2007 and 2012), who were followed up for 5 years (n = 4118). SPSS and Weka software were used to design the support system for melanoma cancer survival prediction. The final model for predicting melanoma cancer survival was selected based on the evaluation indices of data mining algorithms.

Neural network algorithms, simple Bayes, Bayesian network (BN) and combination of decision tree with simple Bayes, logistic regression, J48, and ID3 were selected as the used models of the country's database. Based on the findings, the neural network performed better with a value of 0.97 in terms of accuracy and 91.03 in terms of features.

The performance of the neural network in all evaluation indices was statistically higher than other selected algorithms. Therefore, this algorithm was chosen as a support system for predicting melanoma cancer survival.

Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic. Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10-15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs’ repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.

Environmental and climatic conditions in different geographical areas provide the basis for certain diseases. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with a different incidence rate in geographical areas. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of climate and environmental factors on skin cancer and to map the geographical distribution of skin cancer in Iran.
This study was performed using data of patients with skin cancer, population and data of climatic and environmental factors that affect skin cancer incidence. In this study, after calculating the incidence of skin cancer rate for the whole country, we used the Geographically Weighted Regression model to establish a regression relationship between climate and environmental data and the incidence of skin cancer. The coefficient of detection between the map of incidence of skin cancer and its model map was calculated.
Correlation coefficients showed that sun UV and relative humidity had the highest positive and negative correlation with the incidence of skin cancer, respectively. The southern, eastern and central regions of Iran had the highest incidence of skin cancer rate and the northern and northwestern coasts of Iran had the lowest incidence rate. Validating of actual incidence rate map and the modeled incidence rate map indicated a coefficient of detection of 0.71.
All of the climate and environmental parameters in this study contributed to in the incidence of skin cancer.

Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytic origin that arises from a benign melanocytic lesion or denovo from melanocytes within otherwise normal skin or mucosa. Oral mucosal melanoma is much less than %1of all melanomas. Mucosal melanoma is much more aggressive than its cutaneous counterpart. Due to a real increase in the frequency of melanoma in recent years, we investigate the prevalence of malignant melanoma in the mouth, head and neck during a 11 years period in Iranian population. This study was done on the pathology records of patients admitted to the Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti, Lughman Hakim, Shohada,Taleghani hospitals and Institute cancer of Imam Khomeini. In this study the variables like gender, age, location of the lesion, recurrence and metastasis was evaluated. The chi-square test was used to analyze information obtained from the research. Of the 191679 cases accessed during the 11-year period, 262(0.14%) were identified as oral& maxillofacial malignant melanomas. The average age of melanoma was 50+-11/01years and the incidence in men was higher than women. The most common clinical feature was discoloration (46.9%)and then was ulceration (18.6%).Of all cases 24.8% had metastases. The most common site was the neck and cheek, and the most common area in the mouth, was reported in palate. Frequency of head and neck melanoma was 0.14% of all studied cases. The most common and the least common sites were neck and chin, respectively. Most cases of oral melanoma were localized in the palate and the incidence in men was higher than women.

Consumption of the epidermis (COE) is defined as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of the basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges in areas of direct contact with malignant melanocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of COE as an additional diagnostic criterion for malignant melanoma and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings.Methodes: The age, gender, localization of the lesion and the histopathological parameters such as tumor type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, and Clark’s level were recoeded in 90 malignant melanoma cases. In contrast to other studies, we found that COE was more common in tumors with an acral localization and in the acral lentiginous melanoma. Although COE can be used as a pathological criterion in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, but no correlation no of COE with ulceration and other prognostic factors were found.

Bckground and There are a number of radioactive sources for brachytherapy in various shapes and sizes. Ru- 106 (Ruthenium، 106) ophthalmic plaque have been used for many years in treatment of uveal melanoma. The plaques consist of a thin film of 106 Ru، a β emitter encapsulated in pure silver. The principle purpose of the present work was to evaluate dose distribution along central axis and two sides axis of eyes plaques. Calibration of eye plaques was performed with use of Monte Carlo code (MCNP4C) and experimental measurement. The absolute dose was measured at centre and two sides axis of the Ru-106 eye applicators a (PMMA) spherical phantom with a radius of 12mm and height of 28 mm was constructed. To verify experimental measurements، simulation with applicators، TLD and eye phantom was utilized using MCNP4C code a P41. 8GHZ personal computer. The run time of MCNP4C for each eye plaque was 4200 min and the * f8 tally and cut off of energy was used. Simulated and practical dose distribution of six different types of eye plaques CCA، CCB، CGD، CCY، COB and CIA in the eye phantom were studied. The absolute and relative depth dose along the symmetry axis and two sides axes of the applicators were also evaluated from the surface to about 9 mm distance with less statistical uncertainty than that proposed by NIST and Bebig. The results are fully well comparable to producers proposed data as shown in the curves and graphs. Precision Monte Carlo comparison of the dose distributions applicators listed and absolute dose distribution of practical method show that these plaques were useful to treat uveal melanoma using Monte Carlo method in radiotherapy.

Multiple surgical methods are available for the management of malignant melanoma. Often, these methods have limitations in terms of the ability of obtaining margin clearance in the context of an appropriate cosmetic outcome. This article, briefly reviews the use of different simple and excisional techniques as well as that of Mohs micrographic in the surgical management of malignant melanomas

Vulvar melanoma is a very rare tumor with the rate of 0.1-0.19/100000. It mostly occurs during post menopausal period. In this case report, our patient was a 43 years old woman, her symptom was a small pruritic lesion noticed two months earlier when she was referred to the clinic. This lesion was a 5mm diameter dark brown and flat on her left labialis minor. Malignant melanoma with 3-5mm thickness was diagnosted following biopsy. Wide local excision with more than 2cm free margin and inguino femoral lymphadenectomy at the site of the lesion was done. The recurrence of tumor was not abserved during four months follow-up.

We have previously shown that rose bengal (RB) itself and not as a photosensitiser could induces dual modes of cell death in melanoma cells and has clinical activity against melanoma. But the mechanisms of RB-induced cell death are unclear. Recently lysosome was reported to initiate different kinds of cell death including necrosis, caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. The hypothesis of this study is to investigate the role of lysosome in mediating RB-induced cell death in melanoma cells focusing on lysosomal protease cathepsin B (CB). We present two lines of evidence indicating a central role for the CB in mediating cell death. First, inhibition of CB would result in a strong protection against drug-induced cell death and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Simultaneous inhibition of caspases would determine that CB acts upstream or downstream the caspase cascade. Second, we show RB triggers disruption of lysosomes leading to release and activation of CB using an engineered yellow fluorescent protein-tagged CB. It is hypothesized that RB-induced cell death in melanoma cells is mediated through lysosomal CB in this novel cell death pathway. This idea points to a new tumor-suppressive role for lysosomes which may be less affected by chemotherapy-induced resistance mechanisms.

Skin cancers are the abnormal uncontrolled prolifration of skin . These are also the most common cancers of the human body . The most common types are Basal Cell Carcinoma (B.C.C), Squamos Cell Carcinoma (S.C.C) and Malignant Melanoma (M.M). In this study we reviewed the data of all registered skin tumors in all clinichopathological Labs (6 private and 2 supervised by Guilan university) during 1991-1998. Total number of registered tumors was 1126. The most common were B.C.C (717 cases), S.C.C (315 cases) and MM (37 cases). B.C.C and S.C.C were more common in men than women (399/195 and 318 / 120 cases respectively) but MM was more in women. The most common malignant skin tumors were in 60-69 years age group and the most common location of tumors were head and face.